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Urban infrastructure expansion and artificial light pollution degrade coastal ecosystems, increasing natural-to-urban structural connectivity / Moisés A. Aguilera in Landscape and Urban Planning, vol 229 (January 2023)  

Public [article]  inLandscape and Urban Planning > vol 229 (January 2023) . - n° 104609 Titre : Urban infrastructure expansion and artificial light pollution degrade coastal ecosystems, increasing natural-to-urban structural connectivity Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Moisés A. Aguilera, Auteur ; Maria Gracia González, Auteur Année de publication : 2023 Article en page(s) : n° 104609 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Analyse spatiale [Termes IGN] ArcGIS [Termes IGN] Chili [Termes IGN] croissance urbaine [Termes IGN] dégradation de l'environnement [Termes IGN] écosystème [Termes IGN] étalement urbain [Termes IGN] habitat (nature) [Termes IGN] intensité lumineuse [Termes IGN] littoral [Termes IGN] méthode de Monte-Carlo [Termes IGN] paysage urbain [Termes IGN] pollution lumineuse [Termes IGN] urbanisme Résumé : (auteur) Urbanization is provoking habitat loss and fragmentation, driving rapid landscape transformation worldwide. Remnant habitats in urban areas can be especially prone to degradation by human activities at short time scales, and poor planning during urban expansion can erode their structural and functional connectivity. Foredunes in particular are threatened significantly by human activities, including coastal urban infrastructure expansion, by bulldozing them and/or by interrupting their continuity across the shoreline, and also by associated light pollution. However, there is still scarce quantification about how urban processes determine changes in remnant habitat extent and modify the configuration of structural connectivity in coastal urban settings. Using an expanding conurbation located in north-central Chile (∼29°S) as model system, we investigated the rate of coastal foredune loss and spatial fragmentation due to urban expansion, and the change in the type of structural connectivity, i.e. with other natural habitats vs with urban infrastructure. Based on map analyses of structural connectivity among habitats and with urban infrastructure through time, we estimated foredune habitat extent and fragmentation and their shared border with other habitats and built infrastructure during two time intervals, 2010–2015 and 2015–2020. Distribution and intensity of light pollution on present foredunes were also quantified in situ through field sampling. We found 36 % decline in foredune area and increase in their connection with urban infrastructure. Urban wetlands and parallel dunes also experienced persistent area loss and increase in connection with urban infrastructure. Light pollution was intense in the foredune-beach ecotone. Given the rapid erosion of functional and structural connectivity of natural habitats, it becomes imperious to halt the reduction of remnant habitats and ecotones, and improve natural corridors in urban settings. Numéro de notice : A2023-127 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : BIODIVERSITE/GEOMATIQUE/URBANISME Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2022.104609 Date de publication en ligne : 17/10/2022 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2022.104609 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=102507 [article]

Bayesian inference on the initiation phase of the 2014 Iquique, Chile, earthquake / Cédric Twardzik in Earth and planetary science letters, vol 600 (15 December 2022)  

Public [article]  inEarth and planetary science letters > vol 600 (15 December 2022) . - n° 117835 Titre : Bayesian inference on the initiation phase of the 2014 Iquique, Chile, earthquake Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Cédric Twardzik, Auteur ; Zacharie Duputel, Auteur ; Romain Jolivet, Auteur ; Emilie Klein, Auteur ; Paul Rebischung , Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Projets : SLES-S5 / Nocquet, Jean-Mathieu Article en page(s) : n° 117835 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de géodésie spatiale [Termes IGN] Chili [Termes IGN] coordonnées GNSS [Termes IGN] effondrement de terrain [Termes IGN] inférence [Termes IGN] matrice de covariance [Termes IGN] séisme [Termes IGN] série temporelle [Termes IGN] sismologie Résumé : (auteur) We investigate the initiation phase of the 2014 Mw8.1 Iquique earthquake in northern Chile. In particular, we focus on the month preceding the mainshock, a time period known to exhibit an intensification of the seismic and aseismic activity in the region. The goal is to estimate the time-evolution and partitioning of seismic and aseismic slip during the preparatory phase of the mainshock. To do so, we develop a Bayesian inversion scheme to infer the spatio-temporal evolution of pre-slip from position time-series along with the corresponding uncertainty. To extract the aseismic component to the pre-seismic motion, we correct geodetic observations from the displacement induced by foreshocks. We find that aseismic slip accounts for ∼80 percents of the slip budget. That aseismic slip takes the form of a slow-slip events occurring between 20 to 5 days before the future mainshock. This time-evolution is not consistent with self-accelerating fault slip, a model that is often invoked to explain earthquake nucleation. Instead, the slow-slip event seems to have interacted with the foreshock sequence such that the foreshocks contributed to the arrest of aseismic slip. In addition, we observe some evidence of late self-accelerating slip, but associated with large uncertainties, making it difficult to assess its reliability from our observations alone. Numéro de notice : A2022-698 Affiliation des auteurs : UMR IPGP-Géod+Ext (2020- ) Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117835 Date de publication en ligne : 26/10/2022 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117835 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=102117 [article]

Deep mass redistribution prior to the 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule (Chile) Earthquake revealed by GRACE satellite gravity / Marie Bouih in Earth and planetary science letters, vol 584 (15 April 2022)  

Public [article]  inEarth and planetary science letters > vol 584 (15 April 2022) . - n° 117465 Titre : Deep mass redistribution prior to the 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule (Chile) Earthquake revealed by GRACE satellite gravity Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Marie Bouih , Auteur ; Isabelle Panet , Auteur ; Dominique Remy, Auteur ; Laurent Longuevergne, Auteur ; Sylvain Bonvalot, Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Projets : Université de Paris / Clerici, Christine Article en page(s) : n° 117465 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie physique [Termes IGN] champ de pesanteur terrestre [Termes IGN] Chili [Termes IGN] déformation de la croute terrestre [Termes IGN] données GRACE [Termes IGN] gradient de gravitation [Termes IGN] jeu de données [Termes IGN] levé gravimétrique [Termes IGN] prévention des risques [Termes IGN] risque naturel [Termes IGN] séisme [Termes IGN] signal [Termes IGN] subduction [Termes IGN] tectonique des plaques Résumé : (auteur) Subduction zones megathrust faults constitute a considerable hazard as they produce most of the world's largest earthquakes. However, the role in megathrust earthquake generation exerted by deeper subduction processes remains poorly understood. Here, we analyze the 2003 – 2014 space-time variations of the Earth's gravity gradients derived from three datasets of GRACE geoid models over a large region surrounding the rupture zone of the Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake. In all these datasets, our analysis reveals a large-amplitude gravity gradient signal, progressively increasing in the three months before the earthquake, North of the epicentral area. We show that such signals are equivalent to a water storage decrease over 2 months and cannot be explained by hydrological sources nor artefacts, but rather find origin from mass redistributions within the solid Earth on the continental side of the subduction zone. These gravity gradient variations could be explained by an extensional deformation of the slab around 150-km depth along the Nazca Plate subduction direction, associated with large-scale fluid release. Furthermore, the lateral migration of the gravity signal towards the surface from a low coupling segment around North to the high coupling one in the South suggests that the Mw 8.8 earthquake may have originated from the propagation up to the trench of this deeper slab deformation. Our results highlight the importance of observations of the Earth's time-varying gravity field from satellites in order to probe slow mass redistributions in-depth major plate boundaries and provide new information on dynamic processes in the subduction system, essential to better understand the seismic cycle as a whole. Numéro de notice : A2022-280 Affiliation des auteurs : UMR IPGP-Géod+Ext (2020- ) Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117465 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117465 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=100288 [article]

Topoclimatic zoning of continental Chile / Donna Cortez in Journal of maps, vol 17 n° 2 (February 2021)  

Public [article]  inJournal of maps > vol 17 n° 2 (February 2021) . - *pp 114 - 124 Titre : Topoclimatic zoning of continental Chile Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Donna Cortez, Auteur ; Sebastián Herrera, Auteur ; Daniela Araya-Osses, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : *pp 114 - 124 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Analyse spatiale [Termes IGN] analyse de groupement [Termes IGN] analyse en composantes principales [Termes IGN] carte climatique [Termes IGN] Chili [Termes IGN] climat continental [Termes IGN] climat de montagne [Termes IGN] climatologie [Termes IGN] littoral [Termes IGN] partition d'image [Termes IGN] topographie locale Résumé : (article) In this study, the topoclimates of continental Chile are mapped. The mapping involves the identification of homogeneous zones based on the relationships between the climatic variables that characterize a location and the topography that influences the spatial behavior of these variables. The climatic and topographical zoning of the study area is conducted using a statistical methodology based on a combination of principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The climate, topography, and topoclimatic zoning yield 20, 8, and 96 clusters, respectively. Maximum topoclimatic variability is identified in sectors with mountain ranges and intermediate depression (especially in valley areas), and minimum variability is detected in the coastal sector. Furthermore, only one of the topoclimatic units has an area larger than 50,000 km2, whereas 46.8% of the units have surface areas below 2,000 km2. Numéro de notice : A2021-410 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/17445647.2021.1886188 Date de publication en ligne : 10/03/2021 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2021.1886188 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=97732 [article]

A study of the influence of the historical snow accumulation and wind effects on the extended Chajnantor plateau / Juliette Ortet (2018) 

Public Titre : A study of the influence of the historical snow accumulation and wind effects on the extended Chajnantor plateau Type de document : Mémoire Auteurs : Juliette Ortet, Auteur Editeur : Champs-sur-Marne : Ecole nationale des sciences géographiques ENSG Année de publication : 2018 Importance : 48 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Note générale : bibliographie Rapport de projet pluridisciplinaire, cycle Ingénieur 2e année Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de télédétection [Termes IGN] Chili [Termes IGN] dynamique des fluides [Termes IGN] image Sentinel-MSI [Termes IGN] manteau neigeux [Termes IGN] modèle numérique de surface [Termes IGN] observatoire astronomique [Termes IGN] réseau routier [Termes IGN] vent Index. décimale : PROJET Mémoires : Rapports de projet - stage des ingénieurs de 2e année Résumé : (auteur) L’European Southern Observatory (ESO) possède plusieurs observatoires astronomiques au Nord du Chili. La situation de chaque observatoire est soigneusement choisie. Les conditions environnantes jouent un rôle majeur dans cette décision. Cette étude a pour but d’aider une telle décision par le biais d’outils d’analyse de la couverture neigeuse et des effets du vents sur le plateau de Chajnantor. L’enneigement peut être détecté grâce à la télédétection. L’analyse spatial peut mener à mieux connaître les effets de la neige sur le réseau routier menant aux télescopes. La dynamique des fluides numérique permet l’établissement de modèles de vent locaux dont la précision repose avant tout sur la topographie locale et les propriétés physiques du fluide considéré. Pour fournir ces résultats, une automatisation des processus est mise en oeuvre. Note de contenu : Introduction 1- A study of the historical snow accumulation 2- A study of the influence of wind Conclusion Numéro de notice : 21807 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Mémoire de projet pluridisciplinaire Organisme de stage : European Southern Observatory Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=91296

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