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Titre : Calibration of a terrestrial laser scanner for engineering geodesy Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Thorsten Schulz, Auteur Editeur : Zurich : Institut für Geodäsie und Photogrammetrie IGP - ETH Année de publication : 2008 Collection : IGP Mitteilungen, ISSN 0252-9335 num. 96 Importance : 158 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-906467-71-9 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Acquisition d'image(s) et de donnée(s)
[Termes IGN] angle d'incidence
[Termes IGN] balayage laser
[Termes IGN] données lidar
[Termes IGN] données localisées 3D
[Termes IGN] erreur instrumentale
[Termes IGN] étalonnage d'instrument
[Termes IGN] semis de points
[Termes IGN] télémètre laser terrestre
[Termes IGN] traitement automatique de donnéesIndex. décimale : 35.10 Acquisition d'images Résumé : (Auteur) For several years now, terrestrial laser scanning has become an additional surveying technique in geodesy. Recent developments have improved several aspects of terrestrial laser scanners, e.g. the data acquisition rate, accuracy, and range. Since such instruments are relatively new and constructed by manufacturers who do not have advanced experience in surveying instruments, investigations are needed to assess the quality of the instrumental characteristics and the acquired data. In this way, manufacturers will understand the needs of geodesists and in turn enable geodesists to provide the necessary support in the development of improvements. This thesis has three objectives, the calibration and investigation of a terrestrial laser scanner, the post-processing of point clouds acquired by laser scanners, and applications of terrestrial laser scanning.
The first objective is a comprehensive calibration and investigation of a specific laser scanner, the Imager 5003 of Zoller+Frohlich GmbH (Germany). The investigation and calibration procedures shall give a general impulse for all users of terrestrial laser scanning regarding instrumental and non-instrumental errors, the assessment of the quality of distance and angle measurements, and the influencing parameters. Laser scanners are a black box instrument that produces a huge number of 3D points in the form of a point cloud in a short time. However, it is the surveyor, who has to assess the reliability and quality of the resulting data. Therefore, the potential and the limitations of laser scanner systems must be identified. This is particularly important when a distance measurement is influenced by several parameters that can bias the data. Since laser scanning is an active surveying method, mostly independent of lighting conditions, distance measurements do not require prisms. Thus, surveying of almost every object is conceivable.
The second objective involves post-processing of the point clouds. Terrestrial laser scanning consists not only of data acquisition, but also processing of the acquired 3D data, which include an intensity value of the reflected laser beam. The point clouds define the objects and the data contains nearly all the information about the objects due to the high sampling interval of laser scanners. To produce the final result, data processing needs to be completed and this can be quiet involving, e.g. registration, data filtering, noise reduction, triangulation, and modeling. The ratio between post-processing and data acquisition can be 10:1 or greater, which means ten (or more) days of post-processing follow one day of data acquisition. This aspect of post-processing applies for both static laser scanning and kinematic laser scanning. The only difference is that kinematic laser scanning requires an unique method of registration and geo-referencing.
The third objective examines the applications of terrestrial laser scanning. Laser scanning can be used in different fields of applications, e.g. industrial metrology, cultural heritage, reverse engineering, and engineering geodesy. Due to the increased requirements regarding accuracy engineering geodesy appears to be a challenging field. Therefore, three different applications are presented which verify the successful use of terrestrial laser scanning in engineering geodesy. The first application involves the field of urban water management. A road surface was scanned to derive catchment areas and water flow directions. The second application covers the field of engineering geology. A tunnel during and after excavation was scanned to characterize rock mass structures and to derive displacement maps of surfaces and object points. Since the first two applications are based on static laser scanning, which means the laser scanner did not change in position and orientation during scanning, the third application is a kinematic one, which means the laser scanner was in motion during scanning. Such kinematic applications are of great interest since the performance of laser scanning can be increased significantly. Tunnels and roads are especially appropriate for kinematic laser scanning. The potential of kinematic laser scanning is tested by moving the laser scanner along a track line. The quality is assessed by scanning reference points.Note de contenu : 1 Introduction
1.1 Terrestrial Laser Scanning
1.2 Motivation
1.3 Outline
2 Components of Terrestrial Laser Scanner
2.1 Distance and Reflectance Measurement System
2.1.1 Electromagnetic Waves
2.1.2 Laser
2.1.3 Direct Time-of-Flight
2.1.4 Amplitude-Modulated Continuous Wave (AMCW)
2.1.5 Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW)
2.1.6 Overview of Distance Measurement Techniques in Terrestrial Laser Scanners
2.1.7 Avalanche Photo Diode (APD)
2.1.8 Reflection Principles
2.1.9 Reflectance Models
2.2 Angle Measurement System
2.2.1 Incremental Encoding
2.2.2 Binary Encoding
2.3 Deflection System
2.3.1 Oscillating Mirror
2.3.2 Rotating Mirror
2.3.3 Overview of Deflection Techniques in Terrestrial Laser Scanners
3 Calibration of Terrestrial Laser Scanner
3.1 Laboratories and Tools for Calibration
3.1.1 Calibration Track Line
3.1.2 Test Field of Control Points
3.1.3 Test Field of Observation Pillars
3.1.4 Electronic Unit for Frequency Measurement
3.1.5 Calibration of Spheres
3.2 Distance Measurement System
3.2.1 Static Mode
3.2.2 Scanning Mode
3.2.3 Long-Term Stability
3.2.4 Frequency Stability
3.3 Angle Measurement System
3.3.1 Horizontal Encoder
3.3.2 Vertical Encoder
3.3.3 Angular Resolution
3.4 Instrumental Errors
3.4.1 Eccentricity of Scan Center
3.4.2 Wobble of Vertical axis
3.4.3 Error of Collimation Axis
3.4.4 Error of Horizontal Axis
3.5 Non-Instrumental Errors
3.5.1 Intensity of Laser Beam
3.5.2 Angle of Incidence
3.5.3 Surface Properties of Materials
3.6 Precision and Accuracy of Terrestrial Laser Scanner Data
3.6.1 Single Point Precision
3.6.2 Accuracy of Modeled Objects (Spheres)
4 Static Laser Scanning
4.1 Data Processing
4.1.1 Blunder Detection
4.1.2 Mixed Pixel
4.1.3 Range/Intensity Crosstalk .
4.1.4 Multipath
4.1.5 Noise Reduction
4.2 Registration
4.2.1 Target-Based Registration
4.2.2 Point Cloud Registration
4.3 Modeling and Visualization
4.3.1 Geometrical Primitives
4.3.2 Triangulation
4.3.3 NURBS
4.3.4 CAD
4.3.5 Rendering and Texture Mapping
5 Kinematic Laser Scanning
5.1 Test Trolley on Calibration Track Line
5.1.1 Relative Position and Orientation
5.1.2 Absolute Position and Orientation
5.2 Rotation Time of Rotating Mirror of Laser Scanner
5.2.1 Direct Method
5.2.2 Indirect Method
5.2.3 Discussion and Comparison
5.3 Position-Fixing Using Total Station
5.3.1 Blunder Detection and Smoothing
5.3.2 Polynomial Interpolation
5.3.3 Regression Line
5.3.4 Kalman Filtering
5.4 Synchronisation
6 Applications of Terrestrial Laser Scanning
6.1 Static Application: Road Surface Analysis
6.1.1 Introduction
6.1.2 Method.
6.1.3 Results
6.2 Static Application: Rock Engineering Applications
6.2.1 Introduction
6.2.2 Method.
6.2.3 Results
6.3 Kinematic Application: Test Tunnel
6.3.1 Introduction
6.3.2 Kinematic Model: Regression Line
6.3.3 Kinematic Model: Kalman Filter
6.3.4 Results
7 Summary
7.1 Conclusions
7.2 OutlookNuméro de notice : 13652 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Thèse étrangère En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-005368245 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=62557 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 13652-01 35.10 Livre Centre de documentation En réserve M-103 Disponible
Titre : Range imaging : investigation, calibration and development Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Timo Kahlmann, Auteur Editeur : Zurich : Institut für Geodäsie und Photogrammetrie IGP - ETH Année de publication : 2008 Collection : IGP Mitteilungen, ISSN 0252-9335 num. 097 Importance : 142 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-906467-72-6 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Acquisition d'image(s) et de donnée(s)
[Termes IGN] acquisition d'images
[Termes IGN] angle d'incidence
[Termes IGN] caméra numérique
[Termes IGN] capteur imageur
[Termes IGN] données localisées 3D
[Termes IGN] étalonnage de chambre métrique
[Termes IGN] mesurage de distances
[Termes IGN] métrologieIndex. décimale : 35.11 Géométrie et qualité des prises de vues Résumé : (Auteur) In recent years, numerous sensor systems for the capturing of three-dimensional environments and objects have become available. Besides laser scanners and geodetic total stations, stereo vision and triangulation-based systems have to be exemplarily named here. Especially laser scanners have beco-me state-of-the-art regarding speed and accuracy with respect to their ability to acquire objects up to a size of several tens of meters. A main drawback of laser scanners is their sequential mode of operation. They measure point by point. A few years ago, a new technology was developed to full functionality which is able to capture the environment simultaneously with a high resolution. So-called range imaging (RIM) or flash ladar cameras, which are based on digital imaging technology, merged with the ability to measure the distance to the corresponding object point in each pixel. Distance measurement is either based on the direct or indirect Time-of-Flight principle. Due to its parallel acquisition with up to video frame rate, RIM cameras are even able to capture moving objects. With respect to the optical dependencies, 3-D coordinates of the captured scene are derived. The nominal precision of the distance measurement is a few millimeters. RIM could become the technology of choice for many applications if the properties and characteristics become stable and predictable. Automotive, robotics, and safety systems can be named, for example. Significant deviations between nominal and measured coordinates occur in a range of several centimeters. Only intensive investigations can help to reach the theoretical limitations here.
This thesis deals with several aspects which affect the measurements of RIM cameras. First, a short introduction into the basic technologies that are associated with RIM is presented. Besides imaging and distance measurement methods, two basic principles of RIM are distinguished. Furthermore, the focus is laid on the specific limitations. During this work three different cameras have become available: the SwissRanger SR-2 and the SR-3000 from CSEM / MESA Imaging (Switzerland) and later on the 3k-S from PMDtec (Germany). These three cameras are based on the indirect Time-of-Flight principle and are equipped with different sophisticated features. Besides integrated calibration and correction functionality, the suppression of background illumination is one of the main features. However, these cameras are only intended to be highly developed demonstrators. An adaption to the specific application areas, like automotive or robotics, leads to specialized properties according to the desired claims.
The analysis of the existing camera types helps to understand the technology more closely. The raw data of the analyzed cameras is not more accurate than a few centimeters. In order to investigate the properties of the available cameras, special experimental setups had to be developed. The main part of this work deals with the investigation and calibration of the components of RIM cameras. The geometrical deviations of the optical system are addressed by means of a photogrammetric camera calibration. The distance measurement system is analyzed with respect to the deviations and statistics. Thus, limitations of both precision and accuracy are indicated. Besides the influences of the scattering effect, integration time, emitting system, and angle of incidence, target reflectivity, external and internal temperature, and finally linearity and fixed-pattern noise are discussed. Further on, an approach for a system calibration process is presented. Due to the complexity of the influencing parameters, a complete correction of the measurement data with respect to the diverse influencing parameters has not been reached. But the highly systematic dependencies promise sophisticated calibration routines in the future. This work contributes to the understanding of the sensors.
Nevertheless, the investigated influences of temperature on the distance measurement accuracy, which is indicated as a measure for the deviation between true and nominal value, have been significantly reduced by an uncoupling of the distance measurement and the external and internal temperature by means of a relative measurement setup. The introduction of an internal reference light path helps to reduce the temperature's influence on the distance data to a large degree. The experimental setup and the proof of the functionality complete this work.
The results of the numerous investigations will help to increase the accuracy of RIM cameras, especially vital for several applications, in need of improved accuracies. It has been shown that the theoretical limits lie within reach with help of suitably sophisticated calibration procedures.Note de contenu : 1 Introduction
1.1 Motivation
1.1.1 Application: Tracking of People in Indoor Environments
1.1.2 Application: Automotive
1.2 Aims of This Thesis
1.3 Structure
2 3-D Range Imaging Camera Technology
2.1 Distance Measurement
2.1.1 Time-of-Flight Distance Measurement
2.1.2 Phase-Difference Distance Measurement
2.1.2.1 Working Principle
2.1.2.2 Characteristics and Limitations
2.2 Imaging Technology
2.2.1 Charge Collection
2.2.2 Charge Transfer and Quantification
2.3 Range Imaging Sensors and Realizations
2.3.1 Combined CCD/CMOS Technology
2.3.2 Photonic Mixer Device (PMD) in CMOS Technology
2.3.3 Arrays of Single Photon Avalanche Diodes in CMOS Technology
2.3.4 Shuttered Time-of-Flight
2.4 3-D Coordinate Measurement Principle
3 Investigation and Calibration
3.1 Definitions
3.2 Photogrammetric Camera Calibration
3.2.1 SR-2
3.2.2 SR-3000
3.3 Distance Measurement
3.3.1 Scattering
3.3.2 Integration Time
3.3.3 Statistics
3.3.4 Emitting System (LEDs)
3.3.5 Target Reflectivity
3.3.6 Angle of Incidence
3.3.7 Temperature
3.3.8 Distance / Linearity
3.3.9 Fixed-Pattern Noise
3.3.10 Mixed Pixel
3.4 Integral RIM Camera Calibration
3.5 Conclusion
4 Implementation of an Internal Reference
4.1 Theory
4.2 Implementation: ETH Solution
4.3 Validation
4.3.1 Warm Up
4.3.2 External Temperature
4.3.2.1 Experiment 1: Temperature Variation and Long-Term Acclimatization
4.3.2.2 Experiment 2: Extreme Temperatures
4.3.2.3 Experiment 3: Two External Distances
4.4 Conclusion and Outlook
5 Conclusions
5.1 Summary
5.2 Outlook
Appendix
A SwissRanger SR-2 Specifications
B SwissRanger SR-3000 Specifications
C Photogrammetric Calibration Results for the SR-3000 Provided by Australia
D Distance Histograms SR-2 and SR-3000
E Warmup Sequences SR-2 and SR-3000Numéro de notice : 15458 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Thèse étrangère DOI : 10.3929/ethz-a-005465562 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-005465562 Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=62724 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 15458-01 35.11 Livre Centre de documentation En réserve M-103 Disponible Calibration of the optech ALTM-3100 laser scanner intensity data using brightness targets / E. Ahokas in Revue Française de Photogrammétrie et de Télédétection, n° 182 (Juin 2006)
[article]
Titre : Calibration of the optech ALTM-3100 laser scanner intensity data using brightness targets Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : E. Ahokas, Auteur ; S. Kaasalainen, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Conférence : ISPRS 2006, Commission 1 Symposium, From sensors to imagery 03/07/2006 06/07/2006 Champs-sur-Marne [Paris Marne-la-Vallée] France OA ISPRS Archives Article en page(s) : pp 10 - 16 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Acquisition d'image(s) et de donnée(s)
[Termes IGN] ALTM
[Termes IGN] angle d'incidence
[Termes IGN] angle de visée
[Termes IGN] caméra numérique
[Termes IGN] correction atmosphérique
[Termes IGN] étalonnage en vol
[Termes IGN] étalonnage géométrique
[Termes IGN] étalonnage radiométrique
[Termes IGN] Lidar
[Termes IGN] point d'appui
[Termes IGN] rapport signal sur bruit
[Termes IGN] test de performanceRésumé : (Auteur) In this paper the calibration of Optech ALTM 3100 laser scanner intensity is reported using airborne experiments and known brightness targets. The Finnish Geodetic Institute has had a permanent photogrammetric test field in Sjokulla Kirkkonummi since 1994. This test field contains permanent and transportable test targets for radiometric calibration, permanent ground control points for small, medium and large-scale geometric calibration and also test bar targets for spatial analysis of analogue and digital aerial cameras. Since 2000 LiDAR testing has also been carried out, the latest being Optech ALTM 3100 campaign in 12-14 July 2005. Eight portable brightness targets with nominal reflectance of 5 %, 10 %, 20 %, 25 %, 30 %, 45 %, 50 % and 70 % were in use for LiDAR testing. Flying heights were about 200, 1000 and 3000 m above ground level. Intensity values need to be corrected with respect to range, incidence angle (both BRDF and range correction), atmospheric transmittance, attenuation using dark object addition and transmitted power (because difference in PRF will lead to different transmitter power values). After these corrections, the intensity values were directly relative to target reflectance. Flight heights of 200 m and 1000 m are suitable for intensity calibration using artificial test targets due to the practical aspects of the calibration (size of the calibrator). With the 3000 m altitude signals with reflectance of less or equal of 10% could not be recorded most probably due to insufficient signal-to-noise ratio. Thus, the test target reflectance should exceed 10% to give a reliable distance measurement from 3000 m altitude. Numéro de notice : A2006-618 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article DOI : sans En ligne : https://www.isprs.org/proceedings/XXXVI/part1/Papers/T03-11.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=28341
in Revue Française de Photogrammétrie et de Télédétection > n° 182 (Juin 2006) . - pp 10 - 16[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 018-06021 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible Evaluation of the potential of SAR ERS and ASAR Envisat sensors in multi-incidence and multi-polarisation modes for landscape study in French Guyana: examples of Kourou and Saint Laurent du Maroni / J.L. Kouame in Revue Française de Photogrammétrie et de Télédétection, n° 182 (Juin 2006)
[article]
contenu dans ISPRS Commission 1 Symposium 2006, Paris, Marne-la-Vallée, 3-6 Juillet 2006: Des capteurs à l'imagerie, 2. Tome 2 / Alain Baudoin (2006)
Titre : Evaluation of the potential of SAR ERS and ASAR Envisat sensors in multi-incidence and multi-polarisation modes for landscape study in French Guyana: examples of Kourou and Saint Laurent du Maroni Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : J.L. Kouame, Auteur ; Pierre-Louis Frison , Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : pp 53 - 53 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement d'image radar et applications
[Termes IGN] analyse comparative
[Termes IGN] analyse discriminante
[Termes IGN] angle d'incidence
[Termes IGN] coefficient de rétrodiffusion
[Termes IGN] image Envisat-ASAR
[Termes IGN] image ERS-SAR
[Termes IGN] image radar
[Termes IGN] Kourou
[Termes IGN] mesure de la qualité
[Termes IGN] occupation du sol
[Termes IGN] polarisation
[Termes IGN] Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni
[Termes IGN] surveillance du littoral
[Termes IGN] variation saisonnièreRésumé : (Auteur) This study aims to assess the contribution of ENVISAT ASAR data for the monitoring of the littoral plains of Kourou and Saint Laurent du Maroni (French Guyana). It presents results of qualitative and quantitative analyses of SAR ERS and ASAR ENVISAT data based on the following comparative criteria for landscape types discrimination: 1- Comparison between SAR ERS and ASAR ENVISAT in same configuration acquisition (mode IS2), 2- Seasonal influences (dry vs rainy season effects), 3- Incidence angle influences (exploitation of ASAR ENVISAT incidence angle range), 4- Polarization influences (exploitation of ASAR ENVISAT Image and Alternating Polarization modes data). The calibration of the different considered radar images allows their inter comparison in order to obtain information about landscape type's properties (dielectric, moistures, real evolutions) and on homogeneous parcel of land. The study showed that different parameters, like the season, the incidence angle, and the polarization, strongly influence the radar signal observed over such landscape types. In addition, results show that ASAR-IS2 mode, similar to ERS-SAR configuration ensures the continuity of SAR ERS-1&2 for land surface monitoring. However, it arises that discrimination between various types of landscape are confusing when analysing the backscattering coefficient values alone. The backscattering coefficients only cannot allow discriminating all the different landscape classes. Other parameters like texture, structure, geographical position, form and size are needed for landscape type's discrimination from radar images. Copyright SFPT Numéro de notice : A2006-622 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueNat DOI : sans En ligne : https://www.isprs.org/proceedings/XXXVI/part1/Papers/PS2-27.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=28345
in Revue Française de Photogrammétrie et de Télédétection > n° 182 (Juin 2006) . - pp 53 - 53[article]Exemplaires (1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 018-06021 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible Documents numériques
en open access
Evaluation of the potential of SAR ERS... - pdf editeur ISPRSAdobe Acrobat PDF Sea ice monitoring by L-band SAR: an assessment based on literature and comparisons of JERS-1 and ERS-1 imagery / W. Dierking in IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, vol 44 n° 4 (April 2006)
[article]
Titre : Sea ice monitoring by L-band SAR: an assessment based on literature and comparisons of JERS-1 and ERS-1 imagery Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : W. Dierking, Auteur ; T. Busche, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : pp 957 - 970 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de télédétection
[Termes IGN] analyse comparative
[Termes IGN] analyse diachronique
[Termes IGN] angle d'incidence
[Termes IGN] Arctique
[Termes IGN] bande L
[Termes IGN] diffusomètre
[Termes IGN] glace de mer
[Termes IGN] Groenland
[Termes IGN] image ERS-SAR
[Termes IGN] image JERS
[Termes IGN] polarisation
[Termes IGN] surveillance hydrologique
[Termes IGN] Svalbard
[Termes IGN] zone polaireRésumé : (Auteur) Spaceborne single-polarization C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery is widely used to gather information about the state of the sea ice cover in the polar regions. C-band is regarded as a reasonable choice for all-season monitoring capabilities. For specific mapping tasks, however, other frequency hands can be more suitable. In the first part of this paper, the summary of a literature study dealing with the utilization of L-band SAR imagery for sea ice monitoring is presented. Investigations reveal that if deformation features such as ice ridges, rubble fields, and brash ice are to be mapped, L-band radar is superior in a number of cases. The second part of this paper addresses the comparison of JERS-1 and ERS-1 SAR images that were acquired over sea ice east of Svalbard and along the east coast of Greenland. The effects of the different frequencies, polarizations, and incidence angles of the two SAR Systems are discussed. It is demonstrated that the images of both sensors complement one another in the analysis of ice conditions, resulting in a more detailed view of the sea ice cover state. Copyright IEEE Numéro de notice : A2006-211 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1109/TGRS.2005.861745 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2005.861745 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=27938
in IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing > vol 44 n° 4 (April 2006) . - pp 957 - 970[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 065-06041 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible Apports de l'imagerie satellitaire à la mise à jour de l'information géographique dans les pays de la ceinture tropicale / J.L. Kouame (2006)PermalinkPotentiel des données ASAR-Envisat en bande C pour la détermination des caractéristiques de la neige humide en environnement alpin / Jean-Pierre Dedieu in Revue Française de Photogrammétrie et de Télédétection, n° 179 (Décembre 2005)PermalinkThe emissivity of foam-covered water surface at L-band: theoretical modelling and experimental results from the frog 2003 field experiment / A. Camps in IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, vol 43 n° 5 (May 2005)PermalinkEvaluation of a rough soil surface description with ASAR-ENVISAT radar data / Mehrez Zribi in Remote sensing of environment, vol 95 n° 1 (15/03/2005)PermalinkDetection of stationary foliage-obscured targets by polarimetric millimeter-wave radar / A.Y. Nashashibi in IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, vol 43 n° 1 (January 2005)PermalinkVegetation canopy anisotropy at 1.4 GHz / B.K. Hornbuckle in IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, vol 41 n° 10 (October 2003)PermalinkDetection of building outlines based on the fusion of SAR and optical features / Florence Tupin in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 58 n° 1-2 (June - December 2003)PermalinkExploitation des images RSO multi-temporelles et multi-incidences dans une zone urbaine / A. Boudyaf (2003)PermalinkIncidence angle dependence of the statistical properties of C-band HH-polarization backscattering signatures of the Baltic sea ice / Marko P. Mäkynen in IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, vol 40 n° 12 (December 2002)PermalinkExploitation des images RSO multi-dates et multi-incidences / S. Benghalem (2002)Permalink