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A geometry and texture coupled flexible generalization of urban building models / M. Zhang in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 70 (June 2012)
[article]
Titre : A geometry and texture coupled flexible generalization of urban building models Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : M. Zhang, Auteur ; L. Zhang, Auteur ; P. Takis, Auteur ; P. Takis Mathiopoulos, Auteur ; W. Xie, Auteur ; Y. Ding, Auteur ; H. Wang, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp 1 - 24 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] attribut géomètrique
[Termes IGN] CityGML
[Termes IGN] données localisées 3D
[Termes IGN] façade
[Termes IGN] généralisation du bâti
[Termes IGN] instance
[Termes IGN] modèle 3D de l'espace urbain
[Termes IGN] modèle numérique du bâti
[Termes IGN] précision géométrique (imagerie)
[Termes IGN] réalité virtuelle
[Termes IGN] reconstruction 3D du bâti
[Termes IGN] texture d'image
[Vedettes matières IGN] GénéralisationRésumé : (Auteur) In the past, numerous research efforts have focused on generalization of city building models. However, a generic procedure for creating flexible generalization results supporting the fast and efficient update of original building models with various complexities is still an open problem. Moreover, building clusters created in previously published generalization methods are not flexible enough to meet the various requirements for both legible and realistic visualization. Motivated by these observations, this paper proposes a new method for generating a flexible generalization outcome which enables convenient updating of original building models. It also proposes a flexible preprocessing of this generalized information to render a legible and realistic urban scene. This is accomplished by introducing a novel component structure, termed as FEdge, particularly designed for efficiently managing the geometry and texture information in building cluster instances (both original building models and building clusters) during the generalization, visualization and updating processes. Furthermore, a multiple representation structure, referred to as Evolved Buffer-Tree (EBT), is also introduced. The purpose of the EBT is to organize building cluster instances and to employ more flexible LODs for both legible and realistic visualization of urban scenes. FEdge has an intuitive planar shape which can be effectively used in representing rough 3D facade composed by detailed continuous meshes. Each FEdge is given a unique identifier, referred to as FEdge Index. In the proposed generalization scheme, firstly each original building model treated as a building cluster instance is abstracted and presented as FEdge Indices. These FEdge Indices are then used for producing generalized building cluster instances in the EBT portably, and to support convenient model updating and flexible preprocessing of the generalization results for renderable building cluster instances. Secondly, to achieve a legible and realistic visualization of urban scene, the EBT is flexibly assigned diverse LODs maintaining more important legible information than LODs defined in CityGML for 3D building models. To make the generalization more accurate by considering the city roads and districts, an algorithm for automatic road analysis is applied in our clustering and combination. Numerous experiments considering the geometrical and textural complexity of common urban building models, as well as a typical case study of complex city scene with a large number of building models, verify the effectiveness of our generalization method and the dynamic visualization of the generalized urban models. Numéro de notice : A2012-285 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2012.03.008 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2012.03.008 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=31731
in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing > vol 70 (June 2012) . - pp 1 - 24[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 081-2012041 SL Revue Centre de documentation Revues en salle Disponible PostGIS pour les néophytes (3ème partie) : Géométries, création de tables et opérateurs élémentaires / Anonyme in Géomatique expert, n° 79 (01/03/2011)
[article]
Titre : PostGIS pour les néophytes (3ème partie) : Géométries, création de tables et opérateurs élémentaires Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Anonyme, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp 44 - 49 Langues : Français (fre) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Systèmes d'information géographique
[Termes IGN] attribut géomètrique
[Termes IGN] index spatial
[Termes IGN] métadonnées
[Termes IGN] PostGIS
[Termes IGN] requête spatiale
[Termes IGN] SQLRésumé : (Auteur) Dans cette troisième partie de l'article consacré à la cartouche spatiale PostGIS, nous allons détailler comment créer une table spatiale, puis réaliser des opérations très simples à l'aide des fonctions de base proposées par PostGIS. Numéro de notice : A2011-124 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE/INFORMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : sans Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=30904
in Géomatique expert > n° 79 (01/03/2011) . - pp 44 - 49[article]Voir aussiRéservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 265-2011021 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible IFN-001-P001267 PER Revue Nogent-sur-Vernisson Salle périodiques Exclu du prêt Extracting composite cartographic area features in low-quality maps / S. Leyk in Cartography and Geographic Information Science, vol 36 n° 1 (January 2009)
[article]
Titre : Extracting composite cartographic area features in low-quality maps Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : S. Leyk, Auteur ; R. Boesch, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : pp 71 - 79 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement d'image
[Termes IGN] attribut géomètrique
[Termes IGN] carte ancienne
[Termes IGN] carte topographique
[Termes IGN] extraction automatique
[Termes IGN] extraction de traits caractéristiques
[Termes IGN] forêt
[Termes IGN] méthode robuste
[Termes IGN] objet géographique zonal
[Termes IGN] signe conventionnelRésumé : (Auteur) We describe an extraction method for area features defined by composite cartographic elements and derived from historical, manually produced maps of low graphical quality. Composite elements appear in many topographic maps of the 19th and 20th century which provide unique information about the landscape of the past. We develop a method from prior research for extracting forest areas from the historic Siegfried Map, on which they are represented by sets of circular forest symbols within boundary regions. First, a prototype search identifies forest symbols characterized by a combination of geometric attributes of connected components, shape descriptions of the local neighborhood, and patterns formed by similar graphic elements. Next, the complete set of forest symbols is iteratively determined by testing forest symbol candidates in the vicinity of the prototypes if they belong to a group of sufficient other candidates. Finally, spatial expansion determines the forest net area described by the composition of recognized forest symbols and continues to fill gaps between forest areas and their boundaries, as well as larger objects within the forest area. Automated extraction from three map pages resulted in an accuracy of K = 95 percent, which indicates high robustness for automated processing of entire map series. The new approach presented in this paper represents a general methodological framework for the extraction of area features from composite map elements in low-quality maps. Copyright CaGISociety Numéro de notice : A2009-042 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET/IMAGERIE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1559/152304009787340115 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1559/152304009787340115 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=29672
in Cartography and Geographic Information Science > vol 36 n° 1 (January 2009) . - pp 71 - 79[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 032-09011 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible DEM resolution dependencies of terrain attributes across a landscape / Y. Deng in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 21 n° 1-2 (january 2007)
[article]
Titre : DEM resolution dependencies of terrain attributes across a landscape Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Y. Deng, Auteur ; B.O. Bauers, Auteur ; J.P. Wilson, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : pp 187 - 213 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement d'image
[Termes IGN] analyse de groupement
[Termes IGN] attribut géomètrique
[Termes IGN] classification non dirigée
[Termes IGN] corrélation
[Termes IGN] échantillonnage d'image
[Termes IGN] limite de résolution géométrique
[Termes IGN] modèle numérique de surface
[Termes IGN] régression
[Termes IGN] reliefRésumé : (Auteur) This paper documents resolution dependencies in terrain analysis and describes how they vary across landform location. Six terrain attributes were evaluated as a function of DEM resolution—slope, plan curvature, profile curvature, north–south slope orientation, east–west slope orientation, and topographic wetness index. The research highlights the effect of varying spatial resolution through a spatial sampling/resampling scheme while maintaining sets of indexed sample points at various resolutions. Tested sample points therefore coincide exactly between two directly compared resolutions in terms of their location and elevation value. An unsupervised landform classification procedure based on statistical clustering algorithms was employed to define landform classes in a reproducible manner. Correlation and regression analyses identified sensitive and consistent responses for each attribute as resolution was changed, although the tested terrain attributes responded in characteristically different ways. These responses displayed distinguishable patterns among various landform classes, a conclusion that was further verified by a series of two-sample, two-tailed t-tests. Copyright Taylor & Francis Numéro de notice : A2007-032 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/13658810600894364 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810600894364 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=28398
in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 21 n° 1-2 (january 2007) . - pp 187 - 213[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 079-07011 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible 079-07012 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible
Titre : Enabling pattern-aware automated map generalization Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Stefan Steiniger, Auteur ; Robert Weibel, Directeur de thèse ; Dirk Burghardt, Directeur de thèse Editeur : Zurich : Université de Zurich Année de publication : 2007 Importance : 180 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Note générale : Bibliographie
Dissertation zur Erlangung der naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorwürde (Dr. Sc. Nat.) vorgelegt der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität ZürichLangues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] attribut géomètrique
[Termes IGN] généralisation cartographique automatisée
[Termes IGN] généralisation du bâti
[Termes IGN] modèle conceptuel de données localisées
[Termes IGN] procédure (document)
[Termes IGN] système multi-agents
[Vedettes matières IGN] GénéralisationRésumé : (Auteur) In manual map generalization the cartographer's work is guided by a few principles such as selection of the essential content to meet the map's purpose, and preservation or accentuation of typical and unusual map elements. For instance in a topographic map for an urban area, urban building structures are considered to be typical elements. An example for an unusual element may be a group of ponds with regular spatial distribution and similar size that belong to a fish farm. The recognition and maintenance of such typical and unusual patterns is accomplished by a trained cartographer in an holistic manner. To automate this complex process it is necessary to transfer and decompose the cartographic knowledge and operations into a computer understandable form. The objective of this thesis is to develop and test an approach that enables the maintenance of object relations and patterns during the automated map generalization process. In response to the drawbacks of existing approaches of maintaining map object relations and patterns, we present several requirements for improved approaches. One of these requirements is that structural knowledge (i.e. knowledge about existing patterns) should be explicitly modeled and attached to the map data, and not hidden in the generalization algorithms. A so-called data enrichment strategy such as this should allow a flexible and pattern-aware control of the generalization process. As a consequence of the flexible control approach we establish the hypothesis that the quality of the generalization result and the efficiency of the generalization process can be improved when the data enrichment strategy is employed. The conceptual framework that we propose consists of five steps: The first step considers the identification of patterns and map object relations. In the second step the patterns are formalized using the relations. Subsequently the relations and patterns are extracted (step 3) and stored (step 4). Finally in step 5 the stored relations are utilized to enable pattern-aware decision making for generalization process control. Associated with these steps are the five research questions of this thesis: 1.) What types of relations exist in maps that can be used to describe patterns? 2.) How can we formalize these relations? 3.) How can we detect these relations? 4.) How can these relations be stored and the data be enriched? 5.) How can we exploit the enriched data for pattern preservation and process optimization? These research questions demand comprehensive answers that can not be elaborated thoroughly within the time frame of a PhD project. Hence, while the first research question is answered comprehensively in this thesis, we have chosen to answer the remaining questions with respect to two case studies that serve as a proof of concept of the 5-step framework. The first case study concentrates on the extraction and exploitation of urban structures such as inner city areas, urban areas, suburban areas, etc. In the second case study we aim to identify groups of islands. The contributions of this thesis to map generalization research are essentially associated with the research questions. In response to the first research question we established a comprehensive typology of so-called horizontal relations (and patterns) that we derive from an analysis of topographic maps, thematic maps, and the cartographic literature. With respect to the second question we show for both case studies how identification and formalization of patterns by use of horizontal relations can be accomplished. For the formalization of the island groups, which have been identified in a 'pencil and paper' experiment, we could utilize the Gestalt principles established by Max Wertheimer. To detect the urban structures (the third research question) we developed a supervised classification approach. For the recognition of large island groups formed by the perceptual principle of proximity, we developed an approach that utilizes a minimum spanning tree. The storage of relations, addressed by the fourth research question, has not been discussed in detail, but we use a graph structure and attribute values in the case studies. Finally we discussed for the islands example how relations can be exploited (the fifth research question). In order to evaluate the hypothesis, practical experiments have been conducted with expert generalization rules that account for the urban structure classification of buildings. We obtained an improvement in quality of the generalization result but could not clearly identify a gain in generalization efficiency. However, by accomplishing all five steps of the framework, we show its applicability and utility for the preservation of spatial patterns and relations during the map generalization process. Based on the results and open problems that we discovered in our research, we identify three areas of future map generalization research: 1.) the further formalization and detection of relations and patterns, 2.) the revision and development of constraints to control the preservation of patterns, and 3) research on human computer interaction methods and tools to define and confirm patterns, and control the entire map generalization process more flexibly. Note de contenu : Synthesis
1 Introduction
1.1 The Motivation for Pattern-Aware Map Generalization
1.1.1 Two Examples of Pattern-Aware Manual Map Generalization
1.1.2 Problem Definition
1.1.3 Patterns and Pattern-Aware Map Generalization
1.2 Objective, Methodology and Research Questions
1.3 Structure of the Thesis
2 Theoretical Background on Automated Map Generalization
2.1 Decomposing Manual Map Generalization for Automation
2.1.1 Cartographic Principles
2.1.2 Cartographic Knowledge Acquisition to Achieve a Decomposition
2.1.3 Cartographic Requirements
2.1.4 Cartographic Operations
2.1.5 Conceptual Map Generalization Models
- Process Oriented Models
- Hierarchical Modeling
2.2 Approaches to Automated Map Generalization
2.2.1 Interactive Systems and Rule-Based Systems
2.2.2 From Rules to Constraints
2.2.3 Constraint-based Automated Map Generalization using Workflow Systems, Multi Agent Systems and Optimization
3 State of the Art in Spatial Pattern Analysis and Emerging Research Challenges
3.1 Spatial Pattern Analysis in Related Disciplines
3.2 Spatial Pattern Analysis and Data Enrichment in Map Generalization
3.2.1 Topographic Maps
- Analysis of Building Configurations
- Analysis of Polygon Configurations
- Analysis of Networks
- Analysis of Lines
3.2.2 Thematic Maps
3.3 Research Challenges Addressed in this Thesis
4 Summary of Papers
4.1 Research Paper 1: Exploring Object Relations in Maps
4.1.1 Objectives
4.1.2 Methods and Results
4.1.3 Contributions
4.2 Research Paper 2: Identifying Urban Structures
4.2.1 Objectives
4.2.2 Methods and Results
4.2.3 Contributions
4.3 Research Paper 3: Use of Detected Urban Structures to Control Map Generalization
4.3.1 Objectives
4.3.2 Methods and Results
4.3.3 Contributions
4.4 Research Paper 4: Detecting Large Island Groups within an Archipelago
4.4.1 Objectives
4.4.2 Methods and Results
4.4.3 Contributions
5 Discussion
5.1 Revisiting the Research Questions
5.1.1 What types of relations exist in maps that can be used to describe patterns?
5.1.2 How can we formalize relations and patterns?
5.1.3 How can we detect relations and patterns?
5.1.4 How can relations be stored and the data be enriched?
5.1.5 How can we exploit the enriched data for pattern preservation and process optimization?
5.2 Evaluating the Hypothesis
6 Conclusions and Perspectives
6.1 Main Contributions
6.2 Summarized Research Needs and Outlook
ReferencesNuméro de notice : 13567 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE/INFORMATIQUE Nature : Thèse étrangère Note de thèse : Dissertation zur Erlangung der naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorwürde (Dr. Sc. Nat.) vorgelegt der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Zürich : 2007 Organisme de stage : COGIT (IGN) & Ordnance Survey Great Britain nature-HAL : Thèse DOI : sans Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=45204 Documents numériques
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