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GIS analysis of the trafficability determined by slope in the eastern Tyrol front (WWI, Eastern Alps) : a military history reading / Mauricio Nicolas Vergara in Cartography and Geographic Information Science, Vol 45 n° 6 (November 2018)  

Public [article]  inCartography and Geographic Information Science > Vol 45 n° 6 (November 2018) . - pp 477 - 494 Titre : GIS analysis of the trafficability determined by slope in the eastern Tyrol front (WWI, Eastern Alps) : a military history reading Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Mauricio Nicolas Vergara, Auteur ; Aldino Bondesan, Auteur ; Francesco Ferrarese, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : pp 477 - 494 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications SIG [Termes descripteurs IGN] analyse coût-avantage [Termes descripteurs IGN] carte ancienne [Termes descripteurs IGN] carte militaire [Termes descripteurs IGN] fortification [Termes descripteurs IGN] pente [Termes descripteurs IGN] Tyrol (Autriche) [Termes descripteurs IGN] vingtième siècle Résumé : (Auteur) In the autumn of 1914, Austria-Hungary began to prepare for the possibility of an Italian offensive by building field fortifications, which formed the Tyrol Defense Line (TDL). Mountainous areas, such as the area of the TDL, present obstacles to trafficability in large part caused by terrain slope. On the eastern Tyrol front, steep slope obstructed trafficability when the Italians attacked the TDL and represented, in turn, an advantage for the Austro-Hungarian defense. This paper focuses on the assessment of the conditions of trafficability determined by slope in the eastern Tyrol front, using a GIS cost distance analysis. Key sources were the maps of Austrian and Italian official histories, parameters derived mainly from Marinelli’s slope classification, and from the interpretation of the particular historical circumstances. The advantages and disadvantages were considered from the perspective of the defensive and offensive and their significance for the history of this conflict. In particular, these were related to the perimeter to be defended by alternative Austro-Hungarian lines. Numéro de notice : A2018-472 Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1080/15230406.2017.1399828 date de publication en ligne : 04/12/2017 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2017.1399828 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=91255 [article]

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Future management options for cembran pine forests close to the alpine timberline / Nathalia Jandl in Annals of Forest Science [en ligne], vol 75 n° 3 (September 2018)  

Public [article]  inAnnals of Forest Science [en ligne] > vol 75 n° 3 (September 2018) Titre : Future management options for cembran pine forests close to the alpine timberline Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Nathalia Jandl, Auteur ; Robert Jandl, Auteur ; Andreas Schindlbacher, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes descripteurs IGN] biomasse forestière [Termes descripteurs IGN] changement climatique [Termes descripteurs IGN] économie forestière [Termes descripteurs IGN] forêt alpestre [Termes descripteurs IGN] gestion forestière [Termes descripteurs IGN] grume [Termes descripteurs IGN] larix decidua [Termes descripteurs IGN] marché du bois [Termes descripteurs IGN] Pinus cembra [Termes descripteurs IGN] prévention des risques [Termes descripteurs IGN] puits de carbone [Termes descripteurs IGN] service écosystémique [Termes descripteurs IGN] simulation [Termes descripteurs IGN] Tyrol (Autriche) [Vedettes matières IGN] Sylviculture Résumé : (auteur) Key message: High-elevation forests in the Alps protect infrastructure and human lives against natural hazards such as rockfall, flooding, and avalanches. Routinely performed silvicultural interventions maintain the required stand structure but are not commercially viable in remote forests due to high operational costs. Financial subsidies for the management of high-elevation protection forests are an efficient strategy to ensure sustainable forest cover. Context:Presently, many high-elevation forests in the Alps are managed in order to ensure the provision of ecosystem services with emphasis on the minimization of natural hazards. Aims: We studied the possible economic performance of a high-elevation protection forest from an owner’s perspective. We investigated whether the increase in productivity due to climate change and a favorable market for the dominating cembran pine (Pinus cembra L.) are sufficient for profitable timber production in protection forests. Methods: We simulated the standing timber stock and the soil carbon pool for a 100-year period with climate-sensitive models and compared harvesting costs with expected revenues. Our scenarios included different climates, intensities of timber extractions, parameters of the timber market, and the availability of government subsidies. Results: Overall, the productivity of forests increases by approximately 15% until the end of the century. In a zero-management scenario, the forest accumulates carbon both in the aboveground biomass and the soil. In the case of an extensive management with moderate timber extractions every 50 years, the carbon stocks decline both in biomass and soil. A more intensive management scenario with extractions every 30 years leads to substantial losses of the soil and biomass carbon pools. In addition, the stand structure changes and the protective function of the forest is not sustainably ensured. Timber production can be economically successful only with high selling prices of cembran pine timber and the availability of governmental subsidies for forest management. The admixed European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) contributes only marginally to the economic success. The main challenge are harvesting costs. The costs of timber extraction by a long-distance cableway logging system exceed the value of the harvested timber. Conclusion: The intensification of forest management cannot be recommended from the perspective of timber production, sustainable forest management, and protection against natural hazards. Our simulation experiment shows that the extraction of timber at decadal intervals depletes the carbon stock that is insufficiently replenished from aboveground and belowground litterfall. Leaving the forest unmanaged does not impose a particular threat to stand stability and is under the encountered situation, a justified strategy. Numéro de notice : A2018-332 Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s13595-018-0760-4 date de publication en ligne : 15/08/2018 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-018-0760-4 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=90483 [article]

Monitoring glacier elevation and volume changes with digital photogrammetry and GIS at Gepatschferner glacier, Austria / A. Keutterling in International Journal of Remote Sensing IJRS, vol 27 n°18 - 19 - 20 (October 2006)

Public [article]  inInternational Journal of Remote Sensing IJRS > vol 27 n°18 - 19 - 20 (October 2006) . - pp 4371 - 4380 Titre : Monitoring glacier elevation and volume changes with digital photogrammetry and GIS at Gepatschferner glacier, Austria Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : A. Keutterling, Auteur ; A. Thomas, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : pp 4371 - 4380 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de télédétection [Termes descripteurs IGN] analyse diachronique [Termes descripteurs IGN] couple stéréoscopique [Termes descripteurs IGN] glacier [Termes descripteurs IGN] modèle numérique de surface [Termes descripteurs IGN] photogrammétrie numérique [Termes descripteurs IGN] surveillance hydrologique [Termes descripteurs IGN] surveillance météorologique [Termes descripteurs IGN] système d'information géographique [Termes descripteurs IGN] Tyrol (Autriche) [Termes descripteurs IGN] volume (grandeur) Résumé : (Auteur) Digital elevation models of Gepatschferner in Northern Tyrol, Austria were obtained with digital photogrammetry from high altitude stereo photo pairs and by digitizing an analogue topographic glacier map, for 1990 and 1971, respectively. A difference map was calculated to identify regions of glacier elevation increases and decreases corresponding to glacier mass gain and loss. While the glacier tongue below 2600 m showed mainly increases in glacier surface elevation as compared to 1971, the remaining glacier thickness experienced both increases and decreases. The accumulation zone above 3200 m contained several extreme cases of morphological features with altitude changes>+30 m. While the increased ice thickness of the glacier tongue can be traced to a well documented period of mass accumulation in the 1970s, changes in glacier surface elevation in the higher zones may be linked either to the morphology of the glacier bed or to differences in insolation on the glacier surface. Between 1971 and 1990 the glacier experienced a net loss of 26*106 m3 corresponding to approximately 0.9% of the entire glacier volume. Copyright Taylor & Francis Numéro de notice : A2006-465 Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=28189 [article]

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Astrogravimetrische Geoidbestimmung für Ingenieurprojekte / W. Daxinger (1996)

Public Titre : Astrogravimetrische Geoidbestimmung für Ingenieurprojekte Titre original : [Détermination du géoïde astrogravimétrique pour les projets d'ingénieur] Type de document : Monographie Auteurs : W. Daxinger, Auteur Editeur : Vienne : Technische Universität Wien Année de publication : 1996 Collection : Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen, ISSN 1811-8380 num. 45 Importance : 121 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Allemand (ger) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie physique [Termes descripteurs IGN] alpes orientales [Termes descripteurs IGN] geoïde astro-géodésique [Termes descripteurs IGN] géoïde gravimétrique [Termes descripteurs IGN] Tyrol (Autriche) Résumé : (Auteur) In this treatise, a suitable model for local gravity determination for the purpose of field surveyors is presented. This model is based upon modified astrogravimetric levelling, allowing the use of gravity anomaly data limited to a certain area and an arbitrary distribution of the observations used (gravity values and deflections of the vertical). The mathematical and physical background of the reduction methods is investigated for completeness and extended if necessary. In this way, a close connection of the datum of a geodetic network to the datum of the geoid is revealed. The interdependence results from the astronomic coordinates referring to the axis of the global geocentric coordinate system. Furthermore the influence of the convergence of the plumb lines, of the atmospheric masses and the vertical gradient of the gravity anomaly are analysed; the use of numerical integration for calculating the terrain effect is discussed. Because of the topographic-isostatic reduction and the use of surface density information smooth gravity anomalies with small amplitudes are received. Thereby a modification of the classical astrogravimetric leveling becomes possible, a minimal range of the anomalies does not cause worse interpolation results. In order to avoid edge effects the astrogeodetic deflections of the vertical have to be extended beyond the original territory of interest. The numerical experiments were carried out in the Tyrolian Alps. Despite of the rough topography an accuracy of ± 1.8 mgal (1.8. 10-5 ms-2) for the interpolation of gravity anomalies and ± 0.4” for the deflection components is achieved. For the relative geoidal heights a standard error of ± 13 mm/10 km is obtained. Numéro de notice : 55639 Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Monographie Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=59893

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Karte der aktuellen Vegetation von Tirol 1:100 000, 10 Teil : Blatt 3 Karwendelgebirge - Unterinntal / K. Meisel in Documents de cartographie écologique, vol 27 (01/01/1984)

Public [article]  inDocuments de cartographie écologique > vol 27 (01/01/1984) . - pp 65 - 84 Titre : Karte der aktuellen Vegetation von Tirol 1:100 000, 10 Teil : Blatt 3 Karwendelgebirge - Unterinntal Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : K. Meisel, Auteur ; H.M. Schiechtl, Auteur ; R. Stern, Auteur Année de publication : 1984 Article en page(s) : pp 65 - 84 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Allemand (ger) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Cartographie thématique [Termes descripteurs IGN] 1:100.000 [Termes descripteurs IGN] carte de la végétation [Termes descripteurs IGN] flore locale [Termes descripteurs IGN] Tyrol (Autriche) Numéro de notice : A1984-010 Thématique : FORET/GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=23780 [article]

Karte der aktuellen Vegetation von Tirol 1:100 000, 9 teil : Blatt 4 Kitzbuheler alpen / K. Meisel in Documents de cartographie écologique, vol 26 (01/01/1983)

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Karte der aktuellen Vegetation von Tirol 1:100 000, 8 teil : Blatt 9 Silvettra-Engadin-Vinschgau / H.M. Schiechtl in Documents de cartographie écologique, vol 25 (01/01/1982)

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Karte der aktuellen Vegetation von Tirol 1:100 000, 6 Teil : Blatt 11 Pustertal - Brixen [carte de la végétation du Tyrol, 6ème partie : feuille 11 Pustertal - Brixen] / H.M. Schiechtl in Documents de cartographie écologique, n° 17 (01/01/1976)

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