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Titre : Applied and computational statistics Type de document : Monographie Auteurs : Sorana D. Bolboacă, Auteur Editeur : Bâle [Suisse] : Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute MDPI Année de publication : 2020 Importance : 104 p. ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-03928-177-0 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Statistiques
[Termes IGN] méthode de Monte-Carlo
[Termes IGN] méthode du maximum de vraisemblance (estimation)
[Termes IGN] probabilitéRésumé : (Editeur) Research without statistics is like water in the sand; the latter is necessary to reap the benefits of the former. This collection of articles is designed to bring together different approaches to applied statistics. The studies presented in this book are a tiny piece of what applied statistics means and how statistical methods find their usefulness in different fields of research from theoretical frames to practical applications such as genetics, computational chemistry, and experimental design. This book presents several applications of the statistics: A new continuous distribution with five parameters—the modified beta Gompertz distribution; A method to calculate the p-value associated with the Anderson–Darling statistic; An approach of repeated measurement designs; A validated model to predict statement mutations score; A new family of structural descriptors, called the extending characteristic polynomial (EChP) family, used to express the link between the structure of a compound and its properties. This collection brings together authors from Europe and Asia with a specific contribution to the knowledge in regards to theoretical and applied statistics. Note de contenu : - The Modified Beta Gompertz Distribution: Theory and Applications
- Computation of Probability Associated with Anderson–Darling Statistic
- Optimal Repeated Measurements for Two Treatment Designs with Dependent Observations: The Case of Compound Symmetry
- A Model for Predicting Statement Mutation Scores
- Extending the Characteristic Polynomial for Characterization of C20 Fullerene CongenersNuméro de notice : 26298 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : MATHEMATIQUE Nature : Monographie DOI : 10.3390/books978-3-03928-177-0 Date de publication en ligne : 30/01/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-03928-177-0 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=95014
Titre : Approche bayésienne pour la sélection de modèles : Application à la restauration d’image Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Benjamin Harroué, Auteur ; Jean-François Giovannelli, Directeur de thèse ; Marcela Pereyra, Directeur de thèse Editeur : Bordeaux : Université de Bordeaux Année de publication : 2020 Importance : 102 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Note générale : bibliographie
Thèse présentée pour obtenir le grade de Docteur en Automatique, Productique, Signal et Image, Ingénierie cognitiqueLangues : Français (fre) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement d'image optique
[Termes IGN] déconvolution
[Termes IGN] échantillonnage de Gibbs
[Termes IGN] estimation bayesienne
[Termes IGN] fonction harmonique
[Termes IGN] matrice de covariance
[Termes IGN] problème inverse
[Termes IGN] processus gaussien
[Termes IGN] reconstruction d'image
[Termes IGN] restauration d'imageIndex. décimale : THESE Thèses et HDR Résumé : (auteur) L’inversion consiste à reconstruire des objets d’intérêt à partir de données acquises au travers d’un système d’observation. Dans ces travaux, nous nous penchons sur la déconvolution d’image. Les données observées constituent une version dégradée de l’objet, altéré par le système (flou et bruit). A cause de la perte d’informations engendrée, le problème devient alors mal conditionné. Une solution est de régulariser dans un cadre bayésien : en se basant sur des modèles, on introduit de l’information a priori sur les inconnues. Se posent alors les questions suivantes : comment comparer les modèles candidats et choisir le meilleur ? Sur quel critère faut-il s’appuyer ? A quelles caractéristiques ou quantités doit-on se fier ? Ces travaux présentent une méthode de comparaison et de sélection automatique de modèles, fondée sur la théorie de la décision bayésienne. La démarche consiste à sélectionner le modèle qui maximise la probabilité a posteriori. Pour calculer ces dernières, on a besoin de connaître une quantité primordiale : l’évidence. Elle s’obtient en marginalisant la loi jointe par rapport aux inconnus : l’image et les hyperparamètres. Les dépendances complexes entre les variables et la grande dimension de l’image rendent le calcul analytique de l’intégrale impossible. On a donc recours à des méthodes numériques. Dans cette première étude, on s’intéresse au cas gaussien circulant. Cela permet, d’une part, d’avoir une expression analytique de l’intégrale sur l’image, et d’autre part, de faciliter la manipulation des matrices de covariances. Plusieurs méthodes sont mises en œuvre comme l’algorithme du Chib couplé à une chaîne de Gibbs, les power posteriors, ou encore la moyenne harmonique. Les méthodes sont ensuite comparées pour déterminer lesquelles sont les plus adéquates au problème de la restauration d’image. Note de contenu : 1- Introduction
2- Sélection de modèles et calcul de l’évidence : état de l’art
3- Sélection de modèles sur observation directe
4- Sélection de modèles sur observation indirecte
5- Sélection de modèles sur données réelles
6- Conclusion : bilan et perspectivesNuméro de notice : 28558 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Thèse française Note de thèse : thèse de Doctorat : Automatique, Productique, Signal et Image, Ingénierie cognitique : Bordeaux : 2020 nature-HAL : Thèse En ligne : https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03065948/document Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=97587 Assessing the quality of ionospheric models through GNSS positioning error: methodology and results / Adria Rovira-Garcia in GPS solutions, vol 24 n° 1 (January 2020)
[article]
Titre : Assessing the quality of ionospheric models through GNSS positioning error: methodology and results Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Adria Rovira-Garcia, Auteur ; Deimos Ibáñez-Segura, Auteur ; Raül Orús-Pérez, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Navigation et positionnement
[Termes IGN] erreur de positionnement
[Termes IGN] International GNSS Service
[Termes IGN] modèle ionosphérique
[Termes IGN] phase
[Termes IGN] positionnement par GNSS
[Termes IGN] positionnement ponctuel précis
[Termes IGN] retard ionosphèrique
[Termes IGN] trajet multiple
[Termes IGN] valeur aberranteRésumé : (Auteur) Single-frequency users of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) must correct for the ionospheric delay. These corrections are available from global ionospheric models (GIMs). Therefore, the accuracy of the GIM is important because the unmodeled or incorrectly part of ionospheric delay contributes to the positioning error of GNSS-based positioning. However, the positioning error of receivers located at known coordinates can be used to infer the accuracy of GIMs in a simple manner. This is why assessment of GIMs by means of the position domain is often used as an alternative to assessments in the ionospheric delay domain. The latter method requires accurate reference ionospheric values obtained from a network solution and complex geodetic modeling. However, evaluations using the positioning error method present several difficulties, as evidenced in recent works, that can lead to inconsistent results compared to the tests using the ionospheric delay domain. We analyze the reasons why such inconsistencies occur, applying both methodologies. We have computed the position of 34 permanent stations for the entire year of 2014 within the last Solar Maximum. The positioning tests have been done using code pseudoranges and carrier-phase leveled (CCL) measurements. We identify the error sources that make it difficult to distinguish the part of the positioning error that is attributable to the ionospheric correction: the measurement noise, pseudorange multipath, evaluation metric, and outliers. Once these error sources are considered, we obtain equivalent results to those found in the ionospheric delay domain assessments. Accurate GIMs can provide single-frequency navigation positioning at the decimeter level using CCL measurements and better positions than those obtained using the dual-frequency ionospheric-free combination of pseudoranges. Finally, some recommendations are provided for further studies of ionospheric models using the position domain method. Numéro de notice : A2020-024 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article DOI : 10.1007/s10291-019-0918-z Date de publication en ligne : 02/11/2019 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-019-0918-z Format de la ressource électronique : URL Article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=94468
in GPS solutions > vol 24 n° 1 (January 2020)[article]Assessment of inner reliability in the Gauss-Helmert model / Andreas Ettlinger in Journal of applied geodesy, vol 14 n° 1 (January 2020)
[article]
Titre : Assessment of inner reliability in the Gauss-Helmert model Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Andreas Ettlinger, Auteur ; Hans Neuner, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : pp 13 - 28 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie
[Termes IGN] coefficient de corrélation
[Termes IGN] compensation par moindres carrés
[Termes IGN] détection d'erreur
[Termes IGN] erreur systématique
[Termes IGN] fiabilité des données
[Termes IGN] filtre de Kalman
[Termes IGN] modèle d'erreur
[Termes IGN] modèle de Gauss-Helmert
[Termes IGN] valeur aberranteRésumé : (auteur) In this contribution, the minimum detectable bias (MDB) as well as the statistical tests to identify disturbed observations are introduced for the Gauss-Helmert model. Especially, if the observations are uncorrelated, these quantities will have the same structure as in the Gauss-Markov model, where the redundancy numbers play a key role. All the derivations are based on one-dimensional and additive observation errors respectively offsets which are modeled as additional parameters to be estimated. The formulas to compute these additional parameters with the corresponding variances are also derived in this contribution. The numerical examples of plane fitting and yaw computation show, that the MDB is also in the GHM an appropriate measure to analyze the ability of an implemented least-squares algorithm to detect if outliers are present. Two sources negatively influencing detectability are identified: columns close to the zero vector in the observation matrix B and sub-optimal configuration in the design matrix A. Even if these issues can be excluded, it can be difficult to identify the correct observation as being erroneous. Therefore, the correlation coefficients between two test values are derived and analyzed. Together with the MDB these correlation coefficients are an useful tool to assess the inner reliability – and therefore the detection and identification of outliers – in the Gauss-Helmert model. Numéro de notice : A2020-040 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1515/jag-2019-0013 Date de publication en ligne : 19/10/2019 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1515/jag-2019-0013 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=94511
in Journal of applied geodesy > vol 14 n° 1 (January 2020) . - pp 13 - 28[article]Asymptotically exact data augmentation : models and Monte Carlo sampling with applications to Bayesian inference / Maxime Vono (2020)
Titre : Asymptotically exact data augmentation : models and Monte Carlo sampling with applications to Bayesian inference Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Maxime Vono, Auteur ; Nicolas Dobigeon, Directeur de thèse ; Pierre Chainais, Auteur Editeur : Toulouse : Université de Toulouse Année de publication : 2020 Importance : 200 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Note générale : bibliographie
Thèse en vue de l'obtention du Doctorat de l'Université de Toulouse, Signal, Image, Acoustique et OptimisationLangues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement du signal
[Termes IGN] échantillonnage
[Termes IGN] échantillonnage de Gibbs
[Termes IGN] estimation bayesienne
[Termes IGN] méthode de Monte-Carlo
[Termes IGN] méthode de Monte-Carlo par chaînes de Markov
[Termes IGN] optimisation (mathématiques)
[Termes IGN] processus gaussien
[Termes IGN] régression linéaireIndex. décimale : THESE Thèses et HDR Résumé : (auteur) Numerous machine learning and signal/image processing tasks can be formulated as statistical inference problems. As an archetypal example, recommendation systems rely on the completion of partially observed user/item matrix, which can be conducted via the joint estimation of latent factors and activation coefficients. More formally, the object to be inferred is usually defined as the solution of a variational or stochastic optimization problem. In particular, within a Bayesian framework, this solution is defined as the minimizer of a cost function, referred to as the posterior loss. In the simple case when this function is chosen as quadratic, the Bayesian estimator is known to be the posterior mean which minimizes the mean square error and defined as an integral according to the posterior distribution. In most real-world applicative contexts, computing such integrals is not straightforward. One alternative lies in making use of Monte Carlo integration, which consists in approximating any expectation according to the posterior distribution by an empirical average involving samples from the posterior. This so-called Monte Carlo integration requires the availability of efficient algorithmic schemes able to generate samples from a desired posterior distribution. A huge literature dedicated to random variable generation has proposed various Monte Carlo algorithms. For instance, Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods, whose particular instances are the famous Gibbs sampler and Metropolis-Hastings algorithm, define a wide class of algorithms which allow a Markov chain to be generated with the desired stationary distribution. Despite their seemingly simplicity and genericity, conventional MCMC algorithms may be computationally inefficient for large-scale, distributed and/or highly structured problems. The main objective of this thesis consists in introducing new models and related MCMC approaches to alleviate these issues. The intractability of the posterior distribution is tackled by proposing a class of approximate but asymptotically exact augmented (AXDA) models. Then, two Gibbs samplers targetting approximate posterior distributions based on the AXDA framework, are proposed and their benefits are illustrated on challenging signal processing, image processing and machine learning problems. A detailed theoretical study of the convergence rates associated to one of these two Gibbs samplers is also conducted and reveals explicit dependences with respect to the dimension, condition number of the negative log-posterior and prescribed precision. In this work, we also pay attention to the feasibility of the sampling steps involved in the proposed Gibbs samplers. Since one of this step requires to sample from a possibly high-dimensional Gaussian distribution, we review and unify existing approaches by introducing a framework which stands for the stochastic counterpart of the celebrated proximal point algorithm. This strong connection between simulation and optimization is not isolated in this thesis. Indeed, we also show that the derived Gibbs samplers share tight links with quadratic penalty methods and that the AXDA framework yields a class of envelope functions related to the Moreau one. Note de contenu : Introduction
1- Asymptotically exact data augmentation
2- Monte Carlo sampling from AXDA
3- 3A non-asymptotic convergence analysis of the Split Gibbs sampler
4- High-dimensional Gaussian sampling: A unifying approach based on a stochastic proximal point algorithm
5- Back to optimization: The tempered AXDA envelope
ConclusionNuméro de notice : 28575 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Thèse française Note de thèse : thèse de Doctorat : Signal, Image, Acoustique et Optimisation : Toulouse : 2020 Organisme de stage : Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse En ligne : https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03143936/document Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=97833 PermalinkCamera orientation, calibration and inverse perspective with uncertainties: a Bayesian method applied to area estimation from diverse photographs / Grégoire Guillet in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 159 (January 2020)PermalinkDevelopment of new homogenisation methods for GNSS atmospheric data. 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