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Factors influencing pulse width of small footprint, full wave form airborne laser scanning data / Y.C. Lin in Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, PERS, vol 76 n° 1 (January 2010)
[article]
Titre : Factors influencing pulse width of small footprint, full wave form airborne laser scanning data Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Y.C. Lin, Auteur ; Jon P. Mills, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp 49 - 59 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Lasergrammétrie
[Termes IGN] balayage laser
[Termes IGN] classification automatique
[Termes IGN] impulsion laser
[Termes IGN] lidar à retour d'onde complète
[Termes IGN] longueur d'onde
[Termes IGN] télémétrie laser aéroportéRésumé : (Auteur) Small footprint, full waveform airborne laser scanning provides the opportunity to derive high-resolution geometric and physical information simultaneously from a single scanner system. This study evaluates the influence of various factors on the shape of the returned waveform and investigates the possibility of improving terrain classification by applying waveform-derived information. The factors discussed are surface roughness, slope angle, scan angle, amplitude, and footprint size. It is statistically demonstrated that roughness is the most significant factor affecting pulse width, and that, over relatively smooth surfaces, there is no significant variation in pulse width behavior resulting from different footprint sizes. Pulse width also exhibits a relatively stable behavior when amplitude, range distance, or scan angle vary substantially. The overall accuracy of classification achieved by applying pulse width information over all the different land-cover types examined in this study (including scrub, hillside, single trees, and forest areas) was greater than 85 percent, with > 94 percent achieved for open vegetation areas. Physical surface information provided by small footprint waveform data is considered to be at the microscale, therefore it is recommended to combine such information with geometry (e.g., filtering algorithms) for the optimal identification of terrain points. Copyright ASPRS Numéro de notice : A2010-013 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article DOI : 10.14358/PERS.76.1.49 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.76.1.49 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=30209
in Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, PERS > vol 76 n° 1 (January 2010) . - pp 49 - 59[article]
Titre : Calibration of a terrestrial laser scanner for engineering geodesy Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Thorsten Schulz, Auteur Editeur : Zurich : Institut für Geodäsie und Photogrammetrie IGP - ETH Année de publication : 2008 Collection : IGP Mitteilungen, ISSN 0252-9335 num. 96 Importance : 158 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-906467-71-9 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Acquisition d'image(s) et de donnée(s)
[Termes IGN] angle d'incidence
[Termes IGN] balayage laser
[Termes IGN] données lidar
[Termes IGN] données localisées 3D
[Termes IGN] erreur instrumentale
[Termes IGN] étalonnage d'instrument
[Termes IGN] semis de points
[Termes IGN] télémètre laser terrestre
[Termes IGN] traitement automatique de donnéesIndex. décimale : 35.10 Acquisition d'images Résumé : (Auteur) For several years now, terrestrial laser scanning has become an additional surveying technique in geodesy. Recent developments have improved several aspects of terrestrial laser scanners, e.g. the data acquisition rate, accuracy, and range. Since such instruments are relatively new and constructed by manufacturers who do not have advanced experience in surveying instruments, investigations are needed to assess the quality of the instrumental characteristics and the acquired data. In this way, manufacturers will understand the needs of geodesists and in turn enable geodesists to provide the necessary support in the development of improvements. This thesis has three objectives, the calibration and investigation of a terrestrial laser scanner, the post-processing of point clouds acquired by laser scanners, and applications of terrestrial laser scanning.
The first objective is a comprehensive calibration and investigation of a specific laser scanner, the Imager 5003 of Zoller+Frohlich GmbH (Germany). The investigation and calibration procedures shall give a general impulse for all users of terrestrial laser scanning regarding instrumental and non-instrumental errors, the assessment of the quality of distance and angle measurements, and the influencing parameters. Laser scanners are a black box instrument that produces a huge number of 3D points in the form of a point cloud in a short time. However, it is the surveyor, who has to assess the reliability and quality of the resulting data. Therefore, the potential and the limitations of laser scanner systems must be identified. This is particularly important when a distance measurement is influenced by several parameters that can bias the data. Since laser scanning is an active surveying method, mostly independent of lighting conditions, distance measurements do not require prisms. Thus, surveying of almost every object is conceivable.
The second objective involves post-processing of the point clouds. Terrestrial laser scanning consists not only of data acquisition, but also processing of the acquired 3D data, which include an intensity value of the reflected laser beam. The point clouds define the objects and the data contains nearly all the information about the objects due to the high sampling interval of laser scanners. To produce the final result, data processing needs to be completed and this can be quiet involving, e.g. registration, data filtering, noise reduction, triangulation, and modeling. The ratio between post-processing and data acquisition can be 10:1 or greater, which means ten (or more) days of post-processing follow one day of data acquisition. This aspect of post-processing applies for both static laser scanning and kinematic laser scanning. The only difference is that kinematic laser scanning requires an unique method of registration and geo-referencing.
The third objective examines the applications of terrestrial laser scanning. Laser scanning can be used in different fields of applications, e.g. industrial metrology, cultural heritage, reverse engineering, and engineering geodesy. Due to the increased requirements regarding accuracy engineering geodesy appears to be a challenging field. Therefore, three different applications are presented which verify the successful use of terrestrial laser scanning in engineering geodesy. The first application involves the field of urban water management. A road surface was scanned to derive catchment areas and water flow directions. The second application covers the field of engineering geology. A tunnel during and after excavation was scanned to characterize rock mass structures and to derive displacement maps of surfaces and object points. Since the first two applications are based on static laser scanning, which means the laser scanner did not change in position and orientation during scanning, the third application is a kinematic one, which means the laser scanner was in motion during scanning. Such kinematic applications are of great interest since the performance of laser scanning can be increased significantly. Tunnels and roads are especially appropriate for kinematic laser scanning. The potential of kinematic laser scanning is tested by moving the laser scanner along a track line. The quality is assessed by scanning reference points.Note de contenu : 1 Introduction
1.1 Terrestrial Laser Scanning
1.2 Motivation
1.3 Outline
2 Components of Terrestrial Laser Scanner
2.1 Distance and Reflectance Measurement System
2.1.1 Electromagnetic Waves
2.1.2 Laser
2.1.3 Direct Time-of-Flight
2.1.4 Amplitude-Modulated Continuous Wave (AMCW)
2.1.5 Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW)
2.1.6 Overview of Distance Measurement Techniques in Terrestrial Laser Scanners
2.1.7 Avalanche Photo Diode (APD)
2.1.8 Reflection Principles
2.1.9 Reflectance Models
2.2 Angle Measurement System
2.2.1 Incremental Encoding
2.2.2 Binary Encoding
2.3 Deflection System
2.3.1 Oscillating Mirror
2.3.2 Rotating Mirror
2.3.3 Overview of Deflection Techniques in Terrestrial Laser Scanners
3 Calibration of Terrestrial Laser Scanner
3.1 Laboratories and Tools for Calibration
3.1.1 Calibration Track Line
3.1.2 Test Field of Control Points
3.1.3 Test Field of Observation Pillars
3.1.4 Electronic Unit for Frequency Measurement
3.1.5 Calibration of Spheres
3.2 Distance Measurement System
3.2.1 Static Mode
3.2.2 Scanning Mode
3.2.3 Long-Term Stability
3.2.4 Frequency Stability
3.3 Angle Measurement System
3.3.1 Horizontal Encoder
3.3.2 Vertical Encoder
3.3.3 Angular Resolution
3.4 Instrumental Errors
3.4.1 Eccentricity of Scan Center
3.4.2 Wobble of Vertical axis
3.4.3 Error of Collimation Axis
3.4.4 Error of Horizontal Axis
3.5 Non-Instrumental Errors
3.5.1 Intensity of Laser Beam
3.5.2 Angle of Incidence
3.5.3 Surface Properties of Materials
3.6 Precision and Accuracy of Terrestrial Laser Scanner Data
3.6.1 Single Point Precision
3.6.2 Accuracy of Modeled Objects (Spheres)
4 Static Laser Scanning
4.1 Data Processing
4.1.1 Blunder Detection
4.1.2 Mixed Pixel
4.1.3 Range/Intensity Crosstalk .
4.1.4 Multipath
4.1.5 Noise Reduction
4.2 Registration
4.2.1 Target-Based Registration
4.2.2 Point Cloud Registration
4.3 Modeling and Visualization
4.3.1 Geometrical Primitives
4.3.2 Triangulation
4.3.3 NURBS
4.3.4 CAD
4.3.5 Rendering and Texture Mapping
5 Kinematic Laser Scanning
5.1 Test Trolley on Calibration Track Line
5.1.1 Relative Position and Orientation
5.1.2 Absolute Position and Orientation
5.2 Rotation Time of Rotating Mirror of Laser Scanner
5.2.1 Direct Method
5.2.2 Indirect Method
5.2.3 Discussion and Comparison
5.3 Position-Fixing Using Total Station
5.3.1 Blunder Detection and Smoothing
5.3.2 Polynomial Interpolation
5.3.3 Regression Line
5.3.4 Kalman Filtering
5.4 Synchronisation
6 Applications of Terrestrial Laser Scanning
6.1 Static Application: Road Surface Analysis
6.1.1 Introduction
6.1.2 Method.
6.1.3 Results
6.2 Static Application: Rock Engineering Applications
6.2.1 Introduction
6.2.2 Method.
6.2.3 Results
6.3 Kinematic Application: Test Tunnel
6.3.1 Introduction
6.3.2 Kinematic Model: Regression Line
6.3.3 Kinematic Model: Kalman Filter
6.3.4 Results
7 Summary
7.1 Conclusions
7.2 OutlookNuméro de notice : 13652 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Thèse étrangère En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-005368245 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=62557 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 13652-01 35.10 Livre Centre de documentation En réserve M-103 Disponible CAMPINO, a skeletonization method for point cloud processing / Alexander Bucksch in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 63 n° 1 (January - February 2008)
[article]
Titre : CAMPINO, a skeletonization method for point cloud processing Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Alexander Bucksch, Auteur ; R. Linderberg, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : pp 115 - 127 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement d'image
[Termes IGN] balayage laser
[Termes IGN] segmentation d'image
[Termes IGN] semis de points
[Termes IGN] squelettisation
[Termes IGN] télémètre laser terrestre
[Termes IGN] traitement géométrique de données
[Termes IGN] végétationRésumé : (Auteur) A new algorithm for deriving skeletons and segmentations from point cloud data in O(n) time is explained in this publication. This skeleton is represented as a graph, which can be embedded into the point cloud. The CAMPINO method, (C)ollapsing (A)nd (M)erging (P)rocedures (IN) (O)ctree-graphs, is based on cycle elimination in a graph as derived from an octree based space division procedure. The algorithm is able to extract the skeleton from point clouds generated from either one or multiple viewpoints. The correspondence between the vertices of the graph and the original points of the point cloud is used to derive an initial segmentation of these points. The principle of the algorithm is demonstrated on a synthetic point cloud consisting of 3 connected tori. Initially this algorithm was developed to obtain skeletons from point clouds representing natural trees, measured with the terrestrial laser scanner IMAGER 5003 of Zoller+Fröhlich. The results show that CAMPINO is able to automatically derive realistic skeletons that fit the original point cloud well and are suited as a basis for e.g. further automatic feature extraction or skeleton-based registration. Copyright ISPRS Numéro de notice : A2008-040 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2007.10.004 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2007.10.004 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=29035
in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing > vol 63 n° 1 (January - February 2008) . - pp 115 - 127[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 081-08011 SL Revue Centre de documentation Revues en salle Disponible Theory and practice on terrestrial laser scanning / Jose Luis Lerma Garcia (2008)
Titre : Theory and practice on terrestrial laser scanning : Training material based on practical applications Type de document : Guide/Manuel Auteurs : Jose Luis Lerma Garcia, Éditeur scientifique ; M. Santana Quintero, Éditeur scientifique ; E. Heine, Éditeur scientifique ; B. Van Genechten, Éditeur scientifique Editeur : Valencia : Universitat politécnica de Valencia Année de publication : 2008 Importance : 261 p. Format : 17 x 24 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-84-8363-312-0 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Lasergrammétrie
[Termes IGN] acquisition de données
[Termes IGN] balayage laser
[Termes IGN] gestion des risques
[Termes IGN] lasergrammétrie
[Termes IGN] semis de points
[Termes IGN] simulation spatiale
[Termes IGN] surveillance
[Termes IGN] télémétrie laser terrestreIndex. décimale : 33.80 Lasergrammétrie Note de contenu : 1. 3D SPATIAL INFORMATION IN MAKING INFORMED DECISIONS
1.1. What is risk assessment?
1.2. What is laser scanning?
1.3. Static and dynamic laser scanning
1.4. Applications of laser scanning
2. PRINCIPLES OF LASER SCANNING
2.1. The electromagnetic spectrum and light
2.2. Lasers
2.3. Important properties of laser light
2.4. Laser safety
2.5. Measuring using light
2.6. Metrological aspects: error analysis
2.7. State of the art laser scanner equipment
3. LASER SCANNING IN PRACTICE
3.1. Survey planning
3.2. Field operation
3.3. Targets
3.4. Data preparation
3.5. Registration & geo-referencing
3.6. 3D point cloud processing
3.7. Quality control & delivery
4. DATA MANAGEMENT
5. HERITAGE CASE STUDY (ANTI-DISASTER RECORD): ST. JAMES CHURCH
5.1. Introduction and technical information
5.2. Problem statement
5.3. Survey planning
5.4. Data acquisition
5.5. Data preparation
5.6. Registration & geo-referencing
5.7. Data processing
6. INDUSTRIAL CASE STUDY: FPSO VESSEL
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Problem statement
6.3. Choosing the right measurement technique
6.4. Laser scanning project plan
6.5. Simulated scanning
6.6. Engineering project plan
7. CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE CASE STUDY: DEFORMATION MONITORING OF A HYDROELECTRIC DAM
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Objectives
7.3. Methodology
7.4. Data acquisition
7.5. Data processing
7.6. Deformation analysis
8. APPENDIX
9. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
10. LIST OF FIGURES
11. REFERENCESNuméro de notice : 10399 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Manuel Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=62417 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 10399-01 33.80 Livre Centre de documentation Photogrammétrie - Lasergrammétrie Disponible Waterside mapping in Italy / P. Byham in GIM international, vol 21 n° 8 (August 2007)
[article]
Titre : Waterside mapping in Italy Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : P. Byham, Auteur ; M. Bacciochi, Auteur ; D. Conforti, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : pp 47 - 49 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Bathymétrie
[Termes IGN] balayage laser
[Termes IGN] données laser
[Termes IGN] lever bathymétrique
[Termes IGN] lever topographique
[Termes IGN] modèle numérique de terrain
[Termes IGN] rivage
[Termes IGN] sonar latéral
[Termes IGN] télémétrie laser terrestreRésumé : (Auteur) The combination of 3D-laser scanning and side-scan sonar can be very beneficial for mapping complicated waterside areas; the two systems are complementary. High-resolution surveys were performed over a two-year period (2005 and 2006) at several locations in Italy, generating a complete and accurate digital model of areas both above and below water level, a result inimitable by any other topographical survey method. Copyright Reed Business Information Numéro de notice : A2007-329 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article DOI : sans Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=28692
in GIM international > vol 21 n° 8 (August 2007) . - pp 47 - 49[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 061-07081 RAB Revue Centre de documentation Revues en salle Disponible Photogrammetry : geometry from images and laser scans / Karl Kraus (2007)PermalinkHow to make maps in the 21st century: laser scan's approach / R. Wevers in Geoinformatics, vol 8 n° 7 (01/10/2005)PermalinkLeast squares 3D surface and curve matching / Armin W. Gruen in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 59 n° 3 (May 2005)Permalink3D laser scanners / M. Bedford in GEO:connexion, vol 3 n° 6 (june 2004)PermalinkEvaluating terrestrial laser scanners / Derek D. Lichti in GIM international, vol 16 n° 12 (December 2002)PermalinkPhotogrammetric computer vision : compte-rendu du symposium de la commission 3 de l'ISPRS, Graz, Autriche, 9-13 septembre 2002 / Didier Boldo in Bulletin [Société Française de Photogrammétrie et Télédétection], n° 168 (Octobre 2002)PermalinkGround-based laser scanners: operation, systems and applications / Derek D. Lichti in Geomatica, vol 56 n° 1 (March 2002)PermalinkNumérisation 3D des plaques du chemin de Croix de Lorgues / D. Faverge in XYZ, n° 89 (décembre 2001 - février 2002)PermalinkGéométrie des images / Alain Baudoin (1988)Permalink