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Climate and ungulate browsing impair regeneration dynamics in spruce-fir-beech forests in the French Alps / Mithila Unkule in Annals of Forest Science [en ligne], vol 79 n° 1 (2022)  

Public [article]  inAnnals of Forest Science [en ligne] > vol 79 n° 1 (2022) . - n° 11 Titre : Climate and ungulate browsing impair regeneration dynamics in spruce-fir-beech forests in the French Alps Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Mithila Unkule, Auteur ; Christian Piedallu, Auteur ; Philippe Balandier, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : n° 11 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] Abies alba [Termes IGN] Alpes (France) [Termes IGN] Cervidae [Termes IGN] Fagus sylvatica [Termes IGN] faune locale [Termes IGN] hauteur des arbres [Termes IGN] humidité du sol [Termes IGN] Jura, massif du [Termes IGN] Picea abies [Termes IGN] placette d'échantillonnage [Termes IGN] régénération (sylviculture) [Termes IGN] sécheresse [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatique Résumé : (auteur) Key message: Different components of water balance and temperature reduce density and height growth of saplings of Picea abies (L.) H. Karst (Norway spruce), Abies alba Mill. (silver fir) and Fagus sylvatica L. (European beech) in mixed uneven-aged forests in the French Alps and Jura mountains. Ungulate browsing is an additional pressure on fir and beech that could jeopardise the renewal of these species in the future. Context: The uncertainty in tree recruitment rates raises questions about the factors affecting regeneration processes in forests. Factors such as climate, light, competition and ungulate browsing pressure may play an important role in determining regeneration, forest structures and thus future forest composition. Aims: The objective of this study was to quantify sapling densities and height increments of spruce, fir and beech and to identify dominant environmental variables influencing them in mixed uneven-aged forests in the French Alps and Jura mountains. Methods: Sapling height increment and density were recorded in 152 plots, and non-linear mixed models were obtained to establish relations between them and environmental factors known to affect regeneration, namely altitude, slope, aspect, canopy openness, soil characteristics, temperature, precipitation and ungulate browsing. Results: Regeneration density, varying from 0 to 7 saplings per m 2, decreased with sapling height and was also negatively affected for spruce by PET, but positively for fir by precipitation and for beech by mean annual soil water content. Height increment reached up to 50 cm annually, increasing with sapling height and canopy openness and decreasing under high maximum summer temperatures for spruce and beech. The statistical effect of different environmental variables varied slightly among species but trends were quite similar. Additionally, ungulate browsing was high, with fir being the most intensely browsed, followed closely by beech, while spruce was rarely browsed. Conclusions: All these results suggest that more temperature warming and a decrease in water availability could negatively impact sapling growth and density in the three species, with possible reduction of forest renewal fluxes. The observed increase of ungulate populations leading to increased browsing could be particularly detrimental to fir saplings. Numéro de notice : A2022-509 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1186/s13595-022-01126-y Date de publication en ligne : 23/03/2022 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1186/s13595-022-01126-y Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=101045 [article]

Climate envelope analyses suggests significant rearrangements in the distribution ranges of Central European tree species / Gàbor Illés in Annals of Forest Science [en ligne], vol 79 n° 1 (2022)  

Public [article]  inAnnals of Forest Science [en ligne] > vol 79 n° 1 (2022) . - n° 35 Titre : Climate envelope analyses suggests significant rearrangements in the distribution ranges of Central European tree species Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Gàbor Illés, Auteur ; Norbert Móricz, Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : n° 35 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] adaptation (biologie) [Termes IGN] bioclimatologie [Termes IGN] classification par forêts d'arbres décisionnels [Termes IGN] Europe centrale [Termes IGN] Fagus sylvatica [Termes IGN] gestion forestière durable [Termes IGN] INSPIRE [Termes IGN] modèle dynamique [Termes IGN] modélisation de la forêt [Termes IGN] Picea abies [Termes IGN] Quercus cerris [Termes IGN] Quercus pubescens [Termes IGN] Quercus sessiliflora [Termes IGN] répartition géographique [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatique Résumé : (auteur) Key message: Climate envelope analysis of nine tree species shows that Fagus sylvatica L. and Picea abies H. Karst could lose 58% and 40% of their current distribution range. Quercus pubescens Willd and Quercus cerris L. may win areas equal with 47% and 43% of their current ranges. The ratio of poorly predictable areas increases by 105% in southern and south-eastern Europe. Context: Climate change requires adaptive forest management implementations. To achieve climate neutrality, we have to maintain and expand forest areas. Impact assessments have great importance. Aims: The study estimates the potential climate envelopes of nine European tree species for a past period (1961–1990) and for three future periods (2011–2040, 2041–2070, 2071–2100) under two emission scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) based on the current species distribution. Methods: Climate envelopes were estimated simultaneously using the random forest method. Multi-resolution segmentation was used to determine the climatic characteristics of each species and their combinations. Models were limited to the geographical area within which the climatic conditions correspond to the climatic range of the training areas. Results: Results showed remarkable changes in the extent of geographic areas of all the investigated species’ climate envelopes. Many of the tree species of Central Europe could lose significant portions of their distribution range. Adhering to the shift in climate, these tree species shift further north as well as towards higher altitudes. Conclusion: European forests face remarkable changes, and the results support climate envelope modelling as an important tool that provides guidelines for climate adaptation to identify threatened areas or to select source and destination areas for reproductive material. Numéro de notice : A2022-631 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1186/s13595-022-01154-8 Date de publication en ligne : 09/08/2022 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1186/s13595-022-01154-8 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=101395 [article]

Identification and spatial extent of understory plant species requiring vegetation control to ensure tree regeneration in French forests / Noé Dumas in Annals of Forest Science [en ligne], vol 79 n° 1 (2022)  

Public [article]  inAnnals of Forest Science [en ligne] > vol 79 n° 1 (2022) . - n° 41 Titre : Identification and spatial extent of understory plant species requiring vegetation control to ensure tree regeneration in French forests Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Noé Dumas, Auteur ; Jean-Luc Dupouey, Auteur ; Jean-Claude Gégout, Auteur ; Vincent Boulanger, Auteur ; Jean-Daniel Bontemps , Auteur ; François Morneau , Auteur ; Marine Dalmasso , Auteur ; Catherine Collet, Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : n° 41 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] contrôle de la végétation [Termes IGN] coopérative forestière [Termes IGN] enquête [Termes IGN] France (végétation) [Termes IGN] gestion forestière [Termes IGN] inventaire forestier national (données France) [Termes IGN] Office national des forêts [Termes IGN] propriétaire forestier [Termes IGN] régénération (sylviculture) [Termes IGN] sous-bois [Termes IGN] sous-étage [Vedettes matières IGN] Inventaire forestier Résumé : (auteur) Key message: Fifteen species are most susceptible to require vegetation control during tree regeneration in the range of our study. Among these 15 species, Rubus fruticosus, Pteridium aquilinum, and Molinia caerulea cover each more than 300,000 ha of open-canopy forests. Context: Vegetation control, i.e., the reduction of competitive species cover, is often required to promote tree seedling establishment during the forest regeneration stage. The necessity to control understory vegetation largely depends on the species to be controlled. In order to plan forest renewal operations, it is critical to identify which species require vegetation control during the regeneration stage and to quantify the forest area affected by these species. Aims: We aimed at identifying the main species requiring vegetation control and at estimating the forest area they cover at the national level. Methods: Using National Forest Inventory data, we created four indicators based on two levels of plant cover, cross-referenced with two levels of canopy opening, and compared them to the outcome of a survey of forest manager practices. Results: The best indicator was the one that represented the proportion of forests with open canopy where the species was present with a large cover in the understory. In non-Mediterranean France, according to the indicator, a total of 15 species were found to frequently require vegetation control during the tree regeneration stage. Pteridium aquilinum, Molinia caerulea, and Rubus fruticosus were the main species, and each covered more than 300,000 ha of forest with open canopies, representing about 13% of the total forest area with open canopies outside of the Mediterranean area. Conclusions: Forests covered by species requiring vegetation control according to forest managers represent a large share of the forest area undergoing regeneration. This study provides the first list of species that require vegetation control based on a methodological protocol that makes it possible to calculate the area associated with each species. Numéro de notice : A2022-730 Affiliation des auteurs : LIF+Ext (2020- ) Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1186/s13595-022-01160-w Date de publication en ligne : 22/09/2022 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1186/s13595-022-01160-w Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=101681 [article]

Development and long-term dynamics of old-growth beech-fir forests in the Pyrenees: Evidence from dendroecology and dynamic vegetation modelling / Dario Martín-Benito in Forest ecology and management, vol 524 (15 November)  

Public [article]  inForest ecology and management > vol 524 (15 November) . - n° 120541 Titre : Development and long-term dynamics of old-growth beech-fir forests in the Pyrenees: Evidence from dendroecology and dynamic vegetation modelling Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Dario Martín-Benito, Auteur ; Juan Alberto Molina-Valero, Auteur ; César Pérez-Cruzado, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : n° 120541 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] Abies alba [Termes IGN] analyse diachronique [Termes IGN] biomasse forestière [Termes IGN] dendroécologie [Termes IGN] dynamique de la végétation [Termes IGN] Espagne [Termes IGN] exploitation forestière [Termes IGN] Fagus sylvatica [Termes IGN] forêt ancienne [Termes IGN] forêt tempérée [Termes IGN] modèle de croissance végétale [Termes IGN] ombre [Termes IGN] perturbation écologique [Termes IGN] Pyrénées (montagne) [Vedettes matières IGN] Sylviculture Résumé : (auteur) Ecological knowledge on long-term forest dynamics and development has been primarily derived from the study of old-growth forests. Centuries of forest management have decreased the extent of temperate old-growth forests in Europe and altered managed forests. Disentangling the effects of past human disturbances and climate on current species composition is crucial for understanding the long-term development of forests under global change. In this study, we investigated disturbance and recruitment dynamics in two forests in the Western Pyrenees (Spain) with contrasting management history: an old-growth forest and a long-untouched forest, both dominated by the two shade-tolerant species Fagus sylvatica (European beech) and Abies alba (Silver fir). We used dendroecological methods in seven plots to analyse forest structure, growth patterns and disturbance histories in these forests. We benchmarked these data with the dynamic vegetation model ForClim to examine the effects of natural and human-induced disturbances on forest development, structure and species composition. Disturbance regimes differed between the study forests, but none showed evidence of stand replacing disturbances, either natural or human induced. Low disturbance rates and continuous recruitment of beech and fir dominated the old-growth forest over the last 400 years. In contrast, the long-untouched forest was intensively disturbed in 1700–1780, probably by logging, with lower natural disturbance rates thereafter. Beech and fir recruitment preferentially occurred after more intense disturbances, despite the high shade tolerance of both beech and fir. Higher fir abundance in the long-untouched forest than in the old-growth forest appeared to be related to its human-induced disturbances. ForClim closely simulated forest potential natural vegetation with a dominance of beech over fir, but overestimated the presence of less shade-tolerant species. Previously observed local fir decline may result from natural forest successional processes after logging. Within ∼200 years after logging cessation, some long-untouched forest structural attributes converged towards old-growth forest, but legacy effects still affected species composition and structure. Natural disturbance regimes in beech-fir forests of the Western Pyrenees induce temporal fluctuations between beech and fir abundance, with a natural tendency for beech dominance in advanced developmental stages with low disturbance rates. Numéro de notice : A2022-732 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120541 Date de publication en ligne : 23/09/2022 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120541 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=101695 [article]

A model-based scenario analysis of the impact of forest management and environmental change on the understorey of temperate forests in Europe / Bingbin Wen in Forest ecology and management, vol 522 (15 October 2022)  

Public [article]  inForest ecology and management > vol 522 (15 October 2022) . - n° 120465 Titre : A model-based scenario analysis of the impact of forest management and environmental change on the understorey of temperate forests in Europe Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Bingbin Wen, Auteur ; Haben Blondeel, Auteur ; Dries Landuyt, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : n° 120465 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] analyse de sensibilité [Termes IGN] azote [Termes IGN] biodiversité [Termes IGN] changement climatique [Termes IGN] dynamique de la végétation [Termes IGN] Europe centrale [Termes IGN] forêt tempérée [Termes IGN] gestion forestière durable [Termes IGN] impact sur l'environnement [Termes IGN] modèle de simulation [Termes IGN] sous-étage [Termes IGN] système d'aide à la décision [Vedettes matières IGN] Ecologie forestière Résumé : (auteur) The temperate forest understorey is rich in terms of vascular plant diversity and plays a vital functional role. Given the sensitivity of this forest layer to forest management and global environmental change and the limited knowledge on its long-term dynamics, there is a need for decision support systems that can guide temperate forest managers to optimize their management in terms of understorey outcomes. In this study, using understorey resurvey data collected from across temperate Europe, we developed Generalized Additive Models (GAM) to predict four understorey properties based on forest management and environmental change data, and implemented this model in a web-based tool as a prototype understorey Decision Support System (DSS). Using seventy-two combined climate change, nitrogen(N) deposition and forest management scenarios, applied to two case study regions in Europe, we predicted temperate forest understorey biodiversity dynamics between 2020 and 2050. A sensitivity analysis subsequently allowed to quantify the relative importance of canopy opening, N deposition and climate change on understorey dynamics. Our study showed that, regardless of regions, understorey richness and the proportion of forest specialists generally decreased among most scenarios, but the proportion of woody species and the understorey vegetation total cover increased. Climate warming, N deposition, and increases in canopy openness all influenced understorey dynamics. Climate warming will shift composition towards a selection of forest generalists and woody species, but a less open canopy could mitigate this shift by increasing the proportion of forest specialists. The case studies also showed that these responses can be context-dependent, especially in terms of responses to N deposition. Numéro de notice : A2022-710 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120465 Date de publication en ligne : 19/08/2022 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120465 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=101587 [article]

Large-scale diachronic surveys of the composition and dynamics of plant communities in Pyrenean snowbeds / Thomas Masclaux in Plant ecology, Vol 223 n° 9 (September 2022)  

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Generating impact maps from bomb craters automatically detected in aerial wartime images using marked point processes / Christian Kruse in ISPRS Open Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, vol 5 (August 2022)  

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How large-scale bark beetle infestations influence the protective effects of forest stands against avalanches: A case study in the Swiss Alps / Marion E. Caduff in Forest ecology and management, vol 514 (15 June 2022)  

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Funding for planting missing species financially supports the conversion from pure even-aged to uneven-aged mixed forests and climate change mitigation / Joerg Roessinger in European Journal of Forest Research, vol 141 n° 3 (June 2022)  

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Excelling the progenitors: Breeding for resistance to Dutch elm disease from moderately resistant and susceptible native stock / Jorge Dominguez in Forest ecology and management, vol 511 (15 May 2022)  

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Connaître les forêts anciennes et matures : comment ? pourquoi ? / Jean-Marie Savoie in Revue forestière française [en ligne], vol 73 n° 2 - 3 ([30/03/2022])  

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Evolution de la ressource et de la production des chênes pubescent, pédonculé et sessile / Ingrid Bonhême in Forêt entreprise, n° 261 (novembre-décembre 2021)

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Genome-wide evolutionary response of European oaks during the Anthropocene / Dounia Saleh in Evolution letters, vol 6 n° 1 (February 2022)  

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Multi-method monitoring of rockfall activity along the classic route up Mont Blanc (4809 m a.s.l.) to encourage adaptation by mountaineers / Jacques Mourey in Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, vol 22 n° 2 (February 2022)  

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Increasing territorial planning activities through viewshed analysis / Gheorghe-Gavrilă Hognogi in Geocarto international, vol 37 n° 2 ([15/01/2022])  

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