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Denoising Sentinel-1 extra-wide mode cross-polarization images over sea ice / Yan Sun in IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, Vol 59 n° 3 (March 2021)  

Public [article]  inIEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing > Vol 59 n° 3 (March 2021) . - pp 2116 - 2131 Titre : Denoising Sentinel-1 extra-wide mode cross-polarization images over sea ice Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Yan Sun, Auteur ; Xiao-Ming Li, Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : pp 2116 - 2131 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement d'image radar et applications [Termes IGN] Austral (océan) [Termes IGN] bruit thermique [Termes IGN] étalonnage radiométrique [Termes IGN] filtrage du bruit [Termes IGN] glace de mer [Termes IGN] image Sentinel-SAR [Termes IGN] image TOPSAR [Termes IGN] polarisation croisée [Termes IGN] rapport signal sur bruit Résumé : (Auteur) Sentinel-1 (S1) extra-wide (EW) swath data in cross-polarization (horizontal–vertical, HV or vertical–horizontal, VH) are strongly affected by the scalloping effect and thermal noise, particularly over areas with weak backscattered signals, such as sea surfaces. Although noise vectors in both the azimuth and range directions are provided in the standard S1 EW data for subtraction, the residual thermal noise still significantly affects sea ice detection by the EW data. In this article, we improve the denoising method developed in previous studies to remove the additive noise for the S1 EW data in cross-polarization. Furthermore, we propose a new method for eliminating the residual noise (i.e., multiplicative noise) at the subswath boundaries of the EW data, which cannot be well processed by simply subtracting the reconstructed 2-D noise field. The proposed method of removing both the additive and multiplicative noise was applied to EW HV-polarized images processed using different Instrument Processing Facility (IPF) versions. The results suggest that the proposed algorithm significantly improves the quality of EW HV-polarized images under various sea ice conditions and sea states in the marginal ice zone (MIZ) of the Arctic. This is of great support for the utilization of cross-polarization synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images in wide swaths for intensive sea ice monitoring in polar regions. Numéro de notice : A2021-214 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1109/TGRS.2020.3005831 date de publication en ligne : 09/07/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2020.3005831 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=97202 [article]

G-band radar for humidity and cloud remote sensing / Ken B. Cooper in IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, vol 59 n° 2 (February 2021)  

Public [article]  inIEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing > vol 59 n° 2 (February 2021) . - pp 1106 - 1117 Titre : G-band radar for humidity and cloud remote sensing Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Ken B. Cooper, Auteur ; Richard J. Roy, Auteur ; Robert Dengler, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : pp 1106 - 1117 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement d'image radar et applications [Termes IGN] antenne radar [Termes IGN] bruit thermique [Termes IGN] humidité de l'air [Termes IGN] modèle atmosphérique [Termes IGN] nuage [Termes IGN] rapport signal sur bruit [Termes IGN] réflectivité [Termes IGN] télédétection en hyperfréquence Résumé : (auteur) VIPR (vapor in-cloud profiling radar) is a tunable G-band radar designed for humidity and cloud remote sensing. VIPR uses all-solid-state components and operates in a frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar mode, offering a transmit power of 200–300 mW. Its typical chirp bandwidth of 10 MHz over a center-frequency tuning span of 167–174.8 GHz results in a nominal range resolution of 15 m. The radar’s measured noise figure over the transmit band is between 7.4 and 10.4 dB, depending on its frequency and hardware configuration, and its calculated antenna gain is 58 dB. These parameters mean that with typical 1 ms chirp times, single-pulse cloud reflectivities as low as −26 dBZ are detectable with unity signal-to-noise at 5 km. Experimentally, radar returns from ice clouds above 10 km in height have been observed from the ground. VIPR’s absolute sensitivity was validated using a spherical metal target in the radar antenna’s far-field, and a G-band switch has been implemented in an RF calibration loop for periodic recalibration. The radar achieves high sensitivity with thermal noise limited detection both by virtue of its low-noise RF architecture and by using a quasioptical duplexing method that preserves ultrahigh transmit/receive isolation despite operation in an FMCW mode with a single primary antenna shared by the transmitter and receiver. Numéro de notice : A2021-112 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1109/TGRS.2020.2995325 date de publication en ligne : 04/06/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2020.2995325 Format de la ressource électronique : url article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=96916 [article]

Characteristics of seasonal variations and noises of the daily double-difference and PPP solutions / Kamil Maciuk in Journal of applied geodesy, vol 15 n° 1 (January 2021)  

Public [article]  inJournal of applied geodesy > vol 15 n° 1 (January 2021) . - pp 61 - 73 Titre : Characteristics of seasonal variations and noises of the daily double-difference and PPP solutions Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Kamil Maciuk, Auteur ; Inese Vārna, Auteur ; Chang Xu, Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : pp 61 - 73 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] bruit blanc [Termes IGN] bruit rose [Termes IGN] déformation de la croute terrestre [Termes IGN] double différence [Termes IGN] Lettonie [Termes IGN] positionnement ponctuel précis [Termes IGN] série temporelle [Termes IGN] station de référence [Termes IGN] variance de Hadamard [Termes IGN] variation saisonnière [Termes IGN] vitesse [Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement de données GNSS Résumé : (auteur) Long term GNSS observations provided by networks of the continuously operating reference stations (CORS) allow for determination of the global and local tectonic plate movements and seasonal variations. In recent years, PPP (Precise Point Positioning) technique has become increasingly popular and most likely in the future will replace relative positioning with CORS stations. In this paper, we discuss the difference of the velocity and seasonal component estimates of 25 Latvian CORS stations on the basis of daily PPP solutions from the Nevada Geodetic Laboratory and double-difference solutions from the Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformatics of the University of Latvia. Time series of each coordinate component for 9-year time period were determined by the usage of the Tsview software and seasonal existence of linear, annual, semi-annual factors and their uncertainties were determined. Breaks (e. g., antenna and receiver changes) were also taken into account. We then assessed the noise characteristics of these time series with the use of overlapping Hadamard variance (OHVAR). The result shows that OHVAR is computationally cheap, and the dominating power-law noise, including flicker and random walk. However Hadamard deviation of the PPP and double-difference solutions scatters differently for a whole year averaging time due to the different GNSS data strategies. Numéro de notice : A2021-045 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1515/jag-2020-0042 date de publication en ligne : 08/12/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1515/jag-2020-0042 Format de la ressource électronique : url article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=96772 [article]

GNSS/5G Hybridization for Urban Navigation / Anne-Marie Tobie (2021)  

Public Titre : GNSS/5G Hybridization for Urban Navigation Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Anne-Marie Tobie, Auteur ; Axel Javier Garcia Pena, Directeur de thèse ; Paul Thevenon, Directeur de thèse Editeur : Toulouse : Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées Année de publication : 2021 Importance : 287 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Note générale : Bibliographie Thèse pour obtenir le doctorat de l'Université de Toulouse, Spécialité Informatique et Télécommunications Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement du signal [Termes IGN] 4G [Termes IGN] 5G [Termes IGN] bruit blanc [Termes IGN] GNSS assisté pour la navigation [Termes IGN] milieu urbain [Termes IGN] modèle mathématique [Termes IGN] positionnement en intérieur [Termes IGN] positionnement par GNSS [Termes IGN] signal Galileo [Termes IGN] signal GPS [Termes IGN] simulation de signal [Termes IGN] temps de propagation [Termes IGN] trajet multiple Index. décimale : THESE Thèses et HDR Résumé : (Auteur) Over the past few years, the need for positioning, and thus the number of positioning services in general, has been in constant growth. This need for positioning has been increasingly focused on constrained environments, such as urban or indoor environments, where GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) is known to have significant limitations: multipath as well as the lack of Line-of-Sight (LOS) satellite visibility degrades the GNSS positioning solution and makes it unsuitable for some urban or indoor applications. In order to improve the GNSS positioning performance in constrained environments, many solutions are already available: hybridization with additional sensors, [1], [2] or the use of signals of opportunity (SoO) for example, [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8]. Concerning SoO, mobile communication signals, such as the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) or 5G, are naturally envisioned for positioning, [3], [9], [10]. Indeed, a significant number of users are expected to be “connected-users” and 5G systems offers promising opportunities. 5G technology is being standardized at 3GPP [11]; the first complete release of 5G specifications, Release-15, was provided to the community in March 2018. 5G is an emerging technology and its positioning performance, as well as a potential generic receiver scheme to conduct positioning operations, is still under analysis. In order to study the potential capabilities provided by 5G systems and to develop a 5G-based generic positioning module scheme, the first fundamental step is to develop mathematical models of the processed 5G signals at each stage of the receiver for realistic propagation channel models: the mathematical expression of the useful received 5G signal as well as the AWG (Additive White Gaussian) noise statistics. In the Ph.D., the focus is given to the correlation operation which is the basic function implemented by typical ranging modules for 4G LTE signals [12], DVB signals [7], [8], and GNSS [13]. In fact, the knowledge of the correlation output mathematical model could allow for the development of optimal 5G signal processing techniques for ranging positioning. Previous efforts were made to provide mathematical models of received signals at the different receiver signal processing stages for signals with similar structures to 5G signals – Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signals as defined in 3GPP standard, [14]. OFDM signal-type correlator output mathematical model and acquisition techniques were derived in [7], [15]. Moreover, in [8], [15], tracking techniques were proposed, analyzed and tested based on the correlator output mathematical model of [7]. However, these models were derived by assuming a constant propagation channel over the duration of the correlation. Unfortunately, when the Channel Impulse Response (CIR) provided by a realistic propagation channel is not considered to be constant over the duration of the correlation, the correlator output mathematical models are slightly different from the mathematical models proposed in [7], [8]. Therefore, the first main point considered in the Ph.D. consists in the development of mathematical models and statistics of processed 5G signals for positioning. In order to derive accurate mathematical models, the time evolution impact of the 5G standard compliant propagation channel is of the utmost importance. Note that, in the Ph.D., the continuous CIR will be approximated by a discretized CIR, and the continuous time-evolution will be replaced by the propagation channel generation sampling rate notion. This approximation makes sense since, in a real transmission/reception chain, the received time-continuous signal is, at the output of the Radio-Frequency (RF) front-end, sampled. Therefore, a preliminary step, prior to derive accurate mathematical models of processed 5G signals, consists in determining the most suitable CIR-generation sampling interval for a selected 5G standard compliant propagation channel, QuaDRiGa: trade-off between having a realistic characterization and its complexity. Complexity is especially important for 5G compliant channels with multiple emitter and receiver antennas, and high number of multipath. Then, the impact of a time-evolving propagation channel inside an OFDM symbol duration is studied. A method to select the most appropriate CIR sampling interval for accurate modelling of symbol demodulation, correlator outputs and delay tracking will also be proposed. Based on the correlator output mathematical models developed for realistic multipath environments for both GNSS and 5G systems, ranging modules are then developed. These ranging modules outputs the pseudo ranging measurements required to develop navigation solution. In order to improve the positioning availability and GNSS positioning performance in urban environment through the exploitation of 5G signals, both systems, GNSS and 5G communication systems, must be optimally combined. In fact, in order to achieve this optimal combination, both types of signals must be optimally processed, and the mathematical model of their generated pseudo range measurements must be accurately characterized. The second main objective of the Ph.D. aims thus at realistically characterizing GNSS and 5G pseudo range measurement mathematical models and at developing hybrid navigation modules exploiting/adapted to the derived pseudo range measurements mathematical models. In order to validate, the mathematical models developed in the Ph.D., a simulator is designed. The pseudo range measurements mathematical models are derived from a realistic simulator which integrates a typical GNSS receiver processing module and a typical 5G signal processing module proposition; moreover, in order to achieve a realistic characterization, the simulator implements highly realistic propagation channels for GNSS, SCHUN [16], and for 5G, QuaDRiGa [17] is developed. The hybrid navigation modules to be implemented and compared in this work are an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF). The performances of these hybrid navigation modules are then studied to quantify the improvements bringing by 5G TOA measurements. Note de contenu : 1- Introduction 2- GNSS signals, measurement model and positioning 3- 5G systems 4- Mathematical models and statistics of processed 5G signals for ranging based positioning for a realistic propagation channel 5- Synchronization module of a 5G signal 6- Characterization of pseudo range measurement errors due to propagation channels 7- Positioning in urban environment using 5G and GNSS measurements 8- Conclusion Numéro de notice : 26526 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT/URBANISME Nature : Thèse française Note de thèse : Thèse de Doctorat : Informatique et Télécommunications : Toulouse : 2021 Organisme de stage : Laboratoire de recherche ENAC nature-HAL : Thèse date de publication en ligne : 09/04/2021 En ligne : https://hal-enac.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03189527/document Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=97534

X-ModalNet: A semi-supervised deep cross-modal network for classification of remote sensing data / Danfeng Hong in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 167 (September 2020)  

Public [article]  inISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing > vol 167 (September 2020) . - pp 12 - 23 Titre : X-ModalNet: A semi-supervised deep cross-modal network for classification of remote sensing data Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Danfeng Hong, Auteur ; Naoto Yokoya, Auteur ; Gui-Song Sia, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : pp 12 - 23 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement d'image mixte [Termes IGN] apprentissage profond [Termes IGN] apprentissage semi-dirigé [Termes IGN] bruit blanc [Termes IGN] classification par réseau neuronal convolutif [Termes IGN] compréhension de l'image [Termes IGN] image hyperspectrale [Termes IGN] image multibande [Termes IGN] image radar moirée [Termes IGN] image Sentinel-MSI [Termes IGN] scène urbaine [Termes IGN] transmission de données Résumé : (auteur) This paper addresses the problem of semi-supervised transfer learning with limited cross-modality data in remote sensing. A large amount of multi-modal earth observation images, such as multispectral imagery (MSI) or synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data, are openly available on a global scale, enabling parsing global urban scenes through remote sensing imagery. However, their ability in identifying materials (pixel-wise classification) remains limited, due to the noisy collection environment and poor discriminative information as well as limited number of well-annotated training images. To this end, we propose a novel cross-modal deep-learning framework, called X-ModalNet, with three well-designed modules: self-adversarial module, interactive learning module, and label propagation module, by learning to transfer more discriminative information from a small-scale hyperspectral image (HSI) into the classification task using a large-scale MSI or SAR data. Significantly, X-ModalNet generalizes well, owing to propagating labels on an updatable graph constructed by high-level features on the top of the network, yielding semi-supervised cross-modality learning. We evaluate X-ModalNet on two multi-modal remote sensing datasets (HSI-MSI and HSI-SAR) and achieve a significant improvement in comparison with several state-of-the-art methods. Numéro de notice : A2020-544 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2020.06.014 date de publication en ligne : 11/07/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2020.06.014 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=95770 [article]

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