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Termes IGN > 1- Descripteurs géographiques > monde (géographie physique) > Europe (géographie physique) > Europe centrale
Europe centrale
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Europe (centre), Mitteleuropa. >> Europe danubienne. >>Terme(s) spécifique(s) : Autriche, Allemagne, Croatie, Hongrie, Liechtenstein, Pologne, République tchèque, Slovaquie, Slovénie, Suisse. Source(s) : Laval RVM, 1997-02. Equiv. LCSH : Europe, Central. |
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Comparing close-to-nature silviculture with processes in pristine forests: lessons from Central Europe / Jean-Philippe Schütz in Annals of Forest Science, vol 73 n° 4 (December 2016)
[article]
Titre : Comparing close-to-nature silviculture with processes in pristine forests: lessons from Central Europe Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Jean-Philippe Schütz, Auteur ; Milan Saniga, Auteur ; Jurij Diaci, Auteur ; Tomas Vrska, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 911 - 921 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation
[Termes IGN] dynamique de la végétation
[Termes IGN] Europe centrale
[Termes IGN] sylvicultureRésumé : (auteur) [introduction] The term close-to-nature silviculture already contains some ambiguity since (silvi) culture implies the act of forest use. This notion was coined a long time ago by well-known silviculturists (Gayer 1885; Engler 1905; Leibundgut 1943 and more) to characterise a new form of forest management that differs from plantation forestry and the clear-cut system. The aim was a paradigmatic alternative to create multi-storeyed and rich mixed forest stands, with forest management emulating natural processes and seamless replacement of generations. Which of these processes should be selected and the degree to which natural forest dynamics should be imitated have not yet been specifically defined because the term was conceived in a general and conceptual sense and, furthermore, the aim has never been to let nature work alone. We can here quote Leibundgut (1943, p. 152) [transl. from German] “The main task of silviculture is to maximise and maintain the value produced by the forest”. Such a formulation is still quite relevant today, when the term “value” is understood in a broader sense. Actually, it would be more appropriate to use the term “utility” (original term “utilité”) in the sense of Biolley (1901). Numéro de notice : A2016--167 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1007/s13595-016-057 Date de publication en ligne : 12/09/2016 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-016-0579-9 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=87204
in Annals of Forest Science > vol 73 n° 4 (December 2016) . - pp 911 - 921[article]Forest vegetation in western Romania in relation to climate variables: Does community composition reflect modelled tree species distribution? / S. Heinrichs in Annals of forest research, vol 59 n° 2 (July - December 2016)
[article]
Titre : Forest vegetation in western Romania in relation to climate variables: Does community composition reflect modelled tree species distribution? Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : S. Heinrichs, Auteur ; Helge Walentowski, Auteur ; E. Bergmeier, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 219 - 236 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] changement climatique
[Termes IGN] composition floristique
[Termes IGN] Europe centrale
[Termes IGN] Fagus sylvatica
[Termes IGN] forêt thermophile
[Termes IGN] phytosociologie
[Termes IGN] Quercus sessiliflora
[Termes IGN] Roumanie
[Termes IGN] unité phytosociologique
[Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatiqueRésumé : (auteur) European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is the prevailing tree species of mesic forests in Central Europe. Increasing summer temperatures and decreasing precipitation, as climate change scenarios predict, may, however, negatively influence beech growth and induce a shift to more thermophilous forest communities. Temperatures as expected in the future for western Central Europe are currently found in parts of western Romania. In light of this climate analogy we investigated forest vegetation as an indicator for future vegetation changes in five regions of western Romania representing a climatic gradient. We related species composition to climate variables and examined if tree and understorey species composition respond similarly to the climatic gradient. We further analysed if tree species occurrences correspond with their modelled distance to the rear niche edge. We found evidence for climatic effects on vegetation composition among regions as well as within deciduous and pine forests, respectively. This underlines that vegetation composition is a useful indicator for environmental change. Tree and understorey species compositions were closely linked showing that community-based characterization of forest stands can provide additional information on tree species suitability along environmental gradients. Both, vegetation composition and a climatic marginality index demonstrate the rear niche edge occurrence of beech in the studied sites of Romania and can predict the site suitability for different tree species. While vegetation surveys indicate Quercus petraea to be associated to moderately mesic forests, the marginality index suggested an inner niche position of sessile oak along the climatic gradient. Phytosociological relevés that differentiate between subspecies (or microspecies) of sessile oak with differing habitat requirements should be considered to complement national forest inventories and species distribution maps when modelling rear distribution edges. We conclude that climate driven forest vegetation composition in western Romania is a suitable analogon and may indicate future forest development in western Central Europe. Numéro de notice : A2016--094 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.15287/afr.2016.692 En ligne : http://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2016.692 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=84646
in Annals of forest research > vol 59 n° 2 (July - December 2016) . - pp 219 - 236[article]Wavelet analysis of low-frequency variability in oak tree-ring chronologies from east Central Europe / Asok K. Sen in Open geosciences, vol 8 n° 1 (January - July 2016)
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Titre : Wavelet analysis of low-frequency variability in oak tree-ring chronologies from east Central Europe Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Asok K. Sen, Auteur ; Zoltan Kern, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 478 - 483 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation
[Termes IGN] analyse diachronique
[Termes IGN] dendrochronologie
[Termes IGN] Europe centrale
[Termes IGN] ondelette
[Termes IGN] précipitation
[Termes IGN] Quercus (genre)
[Termes IGN] série temporelle
[Termes IGN] variabilitéRésumé : (auteur) This study investigates the low-frequency (interannual and longer period) variability in three hydroclimatic records from east Central Europe. Two of these records consist of climate proxies derived from oak-tree rings in Bakta forest, and Balaton Highlands in Hungary, for the time interval 1783-2003. The third record consists of homogenized instrumental precipitation data from Budapest, Hungary, from 1842 to 2003. Using wavelet analysis, the three time series are analyzed and compared with one another. It is found that all three time series exhibit strong interannual variability at the 2-4 years timescales, and these variations occur intermittently throughout the length of each record. Significant variability is also observed in all the records at decadal timescales, but these variations persist for only two to three cycles. Wavelet coherence among the various time series is used to explore their time-varying correlation. The results reveal significant coherence at the 2-4 years band. At these timescales, the climatic variations are correlated to the tree-ring signal over different time intervals with changing phase. Increased (decreased) contribution of large-scale stratiform precipitation offers a potential explanation for enhanced (faded) coherence at the interannual timescale. Strong coherence was also observed occasionally at decadal timescales, however these coherences did not appear uniformly. These results reinforce the earlier assertion that neither the strength nor the rank of the similarity of the local hydroclimate signals is stable throughout the past two centuries. Numéro de notice : A2016--070 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1515/geo-2016-0044 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1515/geo-2016-0044 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=84416
in Open geosciences > vol 8 n° 1 (January - July 2016) . - pp 478 - 483[article]Broad scale forest cover reconstruction from historical topographic maps / Dominik Kaim in Applied Geography, vol 67 (February 2016)
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Titre : Broad scale forest cover reconstruction from historical topographic maps Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Dominik Kaim, Auteur ; Jacek Kozak, Auteur ; Natalia Kolecka, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 39 - 48 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géomatique
[Termes IGN] analyse diachronique
[Termes IGN] Carpates
[Termes IGN] carte ancienne
[Termes IGN] changement d'occupation du sol
[Termes IGN] changement d'utilisation du sol
[Termes IGN] couvert forestier
[Termes IGN] dix-neuvième siècle
[Termes IGN] échantillonnage
[Termes IGN] Pologne
[Termes IGN] vingtième siècleRésumé : (auteur) Land cover change is one of the major contributors to global change, but long-term, broad-scale, detailed and spatially explicit assessments of land cover change are largely missing, although the availability of historical maps in digital formats is increasing. The problem often lies in efficiency of analyses of historical maps for large areas. Our goal was to assess different methods to reconstruct land cover and land use from historical maps to identify a time-efficient and reliable method for broad-scale land cover change analysis. We compared two independent forest cover reconstruction methods: first, regular point sampling, and second, wall-to-wall mapping, and tested both methods for the Polish Carpathians (20,000 km2) for the 1860s, 1930s and 1970s. We compared the two methods in terms of their reliability for forest change analysis, relative to sampling error, point location and landscape context including local forest cover, area of the spatial reference unit and forest edge-to-core ratio. Our results showed that the point-based analysis overestimated forest cover in comparison to wall-to-wall mapping by 1–3%, depending on the mapping period. The reasons for the differences were mainly the backdating approach and map generalisation rather than the point grid position or sampling error. When we compared forest cover trajectories over time, we found that the point-based reconstruction captured forest cover dynamics with a comparable accuracy to the wall-to-wall mapping. More broadly, our assessment showed that historical maps can provide valuable data on long-term land cover trends, and that point-based sampling can be an efficient and accurate way to assess forest area and change trends. We suggest that our point-based approach could allow land cover mapping across much of Europe starting in the 1800s. Our findings are important because they suggest that land cover change, a key component of global change, can be assessed over large areas much further back in time than it is commonly done. This would allow to truly understand path dependencies, land use legacies, and historical drivers of land cover change. Numéro de notice : A2016--156 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET/GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1016/j.apgeog.2015.12.003 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2015.12.003 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=86973
in Applied Geography > vol 67 (February 2016) . - pp 39 - 48[article]Is Close-to-Nature Silviculture (CNS) an adequate concept to adapt forests to climate change? / Peter Spathelf in Landbauforschung, vol 65 n° 3-4 (December 2015)
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Titre : Is Close-to-Nature Silviculture (CNS) an adequate concept to adapt forests to climate change? Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Peter Spathelf, Auteur ; Andreas Bolte, Auteur ; Ernst van der Maaten, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : pp 161 - 170 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Allemand (ger) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] arbre (flore)
[Termes IGN] changement climatique
[Termes IGN] Europe centrale
[Termes IGN] sylviculture
[Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatiqueRésumé : (auteur) Climate change projections for Europe suggest increases in temperature, changes in precipitation regimes as well as more frequent and severe weather extremes like heat waves, droughts and storms. As these changes may have a large impact on forest ecosystems, forest management should adapt to maintain vital and productive forests in the future. This review assesses how close-to-nature silviculture (CNS), which is a widespread silvicultural approach in Central Europe, may cope with projected changes in climate. First, a conceptual model of forest vulnerability is outlined, and used to describe climate change exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity of forests. Strategies and options for adaptation, and their compliance with the principles of CNS are then discussed. Modifications in CNS, such as using exotic tree species and provenances or the assisted migration of well adapted tree species from other climates can enhance adaptive capacity of forests. Moreover, the regeneration of stress-tolerant pioneer species can be supported by applying the whole range of silvicultural systems. Numéro de notice : A2015-952 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : sans Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=79864
in Landbauforschung > vol 65 n° 3-4 (December 2015) . - pp 161 - 170[article]Documents numériques
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