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Shape deformation in continuous map generalization / J. Danciger in Geoinformatica, vol 13 n° 2 (June 2009)
[article]
Titre : Shape deformation in continuous map generalization Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : J. Danciger, Auteur ; S. Devadoss, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : pp 203 - 221 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] cartogramme
[Termes IGN] déformation géométrique
[Termes IGN] généralisation cartographique automatisée
[Termes IGN] géomètrie algorithmique
[Termes IGN] mise à l'échelle
[Termes IGN] programmation par contraintes
[Termes IGN] relation topologique
[Vedettes matières IGN] GénéralisationRésumé : (Auteur) Given a collection of regions on a map, we seek a method of continuously altering the regions as the scale is varied. This is formalized and brought to rigor as well-defined problems in homotopic deformation. We ask the regions to preserve topology, area-ratios, and relative position as they change over time. A solution is presented using differential methods and computational geometric techniques. Most notably, an application of this method is used to provide an algorithm to obtain cartograms. Copyright Springer Numéro de notice : A2009-076 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE/INFORMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1007/s10707-008-0049-0 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10707-008-0049-0 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=29706
in Geoinformatica > vol 13 n° 2 (June 2009) . - pp 203 - 221[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 057-09021 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible Carto-Som: Cartogram creation using self-organizing maps / R. Henriques in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 23 n°3-4 (march - april 2009)
[article]
Titre : Carto-Som: Cartogram creation using self-organizing maps Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : R. Henriques, Auteur ; Fernando Bacao, Auteur ; V. Lobo, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : pp 483 - 511 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Cartographie
[Termes IGN] carte de Kohonen
[Termes IGN] cartogramme
[Termes IGN] classification par réseau neuronal
[Termes IGN] représentation cartographiqueRésumé : (Auteur) The basic idea of a cartogram is to distort a geographical map by substituting the geographic area of a region by some other variable of interest. The objective is to rescale each region according to the value of the variable of interest while keeping the map, as much as possible, recognizable. There are several algorithms for building cartograms. None of these methods has proved to be universally better than any other, since the trade-offs made to get the correct distortion vary. In this paper we present a new method for building cartograms, based on self-organizing neural networks (Kohonen's self-organizing maps or SOM). The proposed method is widely available and is easy to carry out, and yet has several appealing properties, such as easy parallelization, making up a good tool for geographic data presentation and analysis. We present a series of tests on different problems, comparing the new algorithm with existing ones. We conclude that it is competitive and, in some circumstances, can perform better then existing algorithms. Copyright Taylor & Francis Numéro de notice : A2009-160 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/13658810801958885 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810801958885 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=29790
in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 23 n°3-4 (march - april 2009) . - pp 483 - 511[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 079-09021 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible 079-09022 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible
Titre : Modelli GIS e visualizzazione di processi dinamici per reti di traffico Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Claudia Dolci, Auteur Editeur : Zurich : Institut für Geodäsie und Photogrammetrie IGP - ETH Année de publication : 2009 Collection : IGP Mitteilungen, ISSN 0252-9335 num. 101 Importance : 140 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-906467-82-5 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Italien (ita) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications SIG
[Termes IGN] analyse spatiale
[Termes IGN] cartogramme
[Termes IGN] modélisation
[Termes IGN] système d'information géographique
[Termes IGN] trafic routier
[Termes IGN] transport routier
[Termes IGN] visualisationRésumé : (Auteur) Over the last decades, mobility and traffic have become themes of great concern. In Switzerland, as throughout the European Community, the road capacity has reached in some points its limits. The risk of congestion is increasingly tangible and concrete, seriously affecting the security and performance of the road networks. It is therefore crucial to analyze the transport system in order to find appropriate solutions for its planning.
Planning means analyzing the demand of displacement and consequently structuring the offer (infrastructure and services) to meet the users' needs. The interventions may be different in nature and it might emerge, as demand continues to rise, that the construction of new infrastructure is not the only answer. The transport system needs an optimization process that contributes to fluidify traffic and ensures good accessibility. These results can be obtained, alongside the construction of new infrastructure, thanks to the improvement of existing ones, by organizing and synchronizing the offer of public and private transport systems, and/or through the definition of tariffs and timetables to be implemented in the public service.
It is important to recall that travelling stems from the need of individuals to carry out activities in places located differently in the territory (work, study, entertainment, etc.), and situated other than in the place of origin. The need of displacement occurs in the form of traffic and can be formally defined as the number of users, with certain characteristics, utilizing the service offered by a transport system in a prefixed referenced period of time.
As suggested by the definition itself, while simplifying partially the phenomenon, the demand for displacement and the subsequent traffic flows are characterized by the place of origin and destination (spatial peculiarity), by time interval reference (temporal peculiarity), displacement reasons and by the number and classes of users (socio-economic characterization).
The various aspects related to the demand of displacement and traffic flows have suggested and determined a thorough analysis of potential applications and related benefits of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in the sector of transport. In this context, we recall how GIS technology is able to combine in a single environment, the most common operations related to the use of a database (questions, statistical analysis) with the benefits of spatial analysis. According to Bartelme (2000), "GIS are a logical concept based on which the responsible staff uses and organizes the technical and methodological components to manage, analyse and disseminate information with spatial reference".
Although planning transport systems is a traditional task related to transport engineering, in recent years many research issues related to traffic have constantly to develop at a rapid pace. However, the enormous amount of data produced and the lack of an instrument which allows the management and the visualization, often reduces the usefulness of many studies. In this thesis work this topic was addressed, by dealing with issues as modelling and visualization of data, and by considering them valuable elements for a proper analysis and interpretation of the information.
Some key issues concerning traffic flows were analyzed, focusing on the temporal-dynamic aspect of the phenomenon. In this context, GIS have been proposed and used as a problem-solving tool, demonstrating once again their effectiveness in numerical analysis, in visualization and their ability to combine and to benefit from both aspects. During the work, the interest to better understand the used tools was further developed, both from a technical point of view and through their use in potential applications.
The thesis work is divided into five chapters. The first two are mainly descriptive, while the remaining three chapters show some practical examples where GIS have been able to bring their contribution to the analysis and visualization of traffic flow data.
For the application part of the thesis the Swiss context was chosen. The reasons were partly due to the collaboration with the Institute of Transport Planning of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (IVT) and partly to the data availability offered. Another aspect that has encouraged and suggested this option was the fact that the Swiss territory, with its infrastructure and its orography, provides a significant representation of the traffic phenomenon, as well as a wide variety of contexts (urban, sub-urban and inter-urban). These features mean that the applications developed in this frame can be adopted in other geographical contexts.
The first chapter presents an overview of the current traffic situation in Switzerland, defining its main characteristics and identifying the areas of greatest concentration in order to frame and contextualize the applications developed in this work.
The second chapter describes the characteristics and main components of a GIS referencing to the transports sector, as data modelling and the description of data analysis functions, focusing on the theme explored in the remaining chapters.
In the following application-focused chapters three issues, likely to demonstrate the potential use of GIS in the transport sector, have been chosen.
Chapter three takes a closer look to the data modelling and data visualization aspects ol information concerning traffic flow, illustrating some methods developed to visualize static and dynamic data related to daily mobility.
Chapter four carries out an overview on infomobility services, describing a dynamic routing approach designed to update traffic data in real time for the Swiss reality.
Finally, chapter five presents an application developed to create so-called time maps, discussing the construction of a series of maps produced for Switzerland which testimony/document the "shrinkage" of the country from 1950 to today. The data and the mathematical model used for the rescaling are described therein.Note de contenu : Introduzione
Capitolo primo: IL SETTORE DEI TRASPORTI IN SVIZZERA
II settore dei trasporti e la situazione del traffico in Svizzera
Premessa
La domanda di trasporto: ieri e oggi a confronto
Scenari di evoluzione
Chi si occupa di traffico in Svizzera?
Inventario dei geodati esistenti riguardanti il settore dei trasporti
Banca dati Swisstopo
Banca dati STRADA-DB (ASTRA)
MicroDrive (MicroGIS SA)
Banca dati TeleAtlas
Banca datiNavTech Bibliografìa
Capitolo secondo: IGIS E LE APPLICAZIONI NEL SETTORE DEI TRASPORTI
Utilizzo dei GIS nel settore dei trasporti
Definizione di GIS
GIS-T
La delimitazione dell'area di studio e la zonizzazione
II modello dei dati relativo all'offerta di trasporto
Modello arco-nodo
LRS e la segmentazione dinamica
Alcuni esempi di modelli di offerta
La definizione delle componenti della domanda di obilità L'analisi dei dati
Interrogazioni
Overlay
Overlay pei tabelle di eventi
Spadal Join
Geocoding
Ricerca del percorso minimo (Shortestpath and routing)
Matrici origine/destinazione
Connettività della rete Visualizzazione dell'informazione Conclusioni
Bibliografia
Capitolo terzo: VISUALIZZAZIONE E ANALISI DELLA MOBILITÀ GIORNALIERA
La modellizzazione trasportistica
La simulazione
La stima della domanda di trasporto, alcuni approcci modellistici
Software di simulazione
Tipi di dati
utilizzati Utilizzo del microsimulatore MATSim-T
Descrizione tecnica
II sistema di offerta
I dati sulla popolazione e i piani delle attività giornaliere
La tabella eventi
I GIS come strumento dì visualizzazione e di analisi della mobilità
Finalità dell'analisi post-simulazione
Costruzione del modello logico
Distribuzione del volume dei flussi di traffico
L'analisi a ragnatela (spider analysis)
Distribuzione geografica delle attività
Confronto con dati reali
Elaborazione del prototipo
Conclusioni
Bibliografìa
Capitolo quarto: AGGIORNAMENTO IN TEMPO REALE DEI FLUSSI DI TRAFFICO
L'infomobilità e il controllo delle rotte
Impatto sui flussi di traffico della rete stradale
Fonti di dati utilizzate per l'applicazione
Rete stradale
Informazione sul traffico e metodologia TMC
Architettura dell'applicazione: alcuni aspetti tecnici
Decodifica del messaggio di Viasuisse
Localizzazione del disagio e aggiornamento della rete
Attualizzazione della rete stradale
Routinge internet
Risultati
Conclusioni
Bibliografìa
Capitolo quinto: LE CARTE DEL TEMPO
La relazione spazio-tempo in cartografìa
Visualizzare per creare conoscenza
Evoluzione storica
Le carte del tempo
Anamorfosi e cartogrammi
Soluzioni matematiche più recenti
Riflessioni sulle carte del tempo
La soluzione con il metodo dei minimi quadrati
Correzioni aggiuntive
Realizzazione delle carte del tempo
Utilizzo di LTOP
Realizzazione in ArcGIS
Dati storici impiegati
Risultati e commenti
Conclusioni e possibili sviluppi
Bibliografìa
ConclusioniNuméro de notice : 15460 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Thèse étrangère En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-005711051 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=62726 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 15460-01 37.40 Livre Centre de documentation Géomatique Disponible On the design of schematic transport maps / S. Avelar in Cartographica, vol 41 n° 3 (September 2006)
[article]
Titre : On the design of schematic transport maps Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : S. Avelar, Auteur ; Lorenz Hurni, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : pp 217 - 228 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Cartographie
[Termes IGN] cartogramme
[Termes IGN] conception cartographique
[Termes IGN] réseau de transport
[Termes IGN] sémiologie graphiqueRésumé : (Auteur) Les itinéraires schématiques sont l'une des formes les plus courantes de communication graphique. Les gens font des croquis pour communiquer des idées géographiques, et des cartes géographiques schématiques conçues par des professionnels orientent les milliers d'usagers des transports en commun. Créer une carte géographique schématique qui représente un réseau de transport peut sembler une tâche simple. Toutefois, le principe conceptuel de ces cartes peut se révéler très complexe. Les cartographes appliquent, consciemment ou inconsciemment, diverses techniques de généralisation cartographiques afin de mettre en valeur des données importantes et d'améliorer la clarté du contenu de ces cartes. Actuellement, la cartographie classique et la documentation existante en matière de GIS offrent au cartographe peu de références en matière de règles cartographiques ou d'idées pratiques pour représenter de façon schématique les données élaborées des circuits de transport public. Le présent article vise à apporter un contribution à la problématique de la conception des schémas de ces circuits. Des renseignements sur les cartes schématiques et la symbolisation des données sur les circuits sont présentés. Une étude de cas de conception de cartes schématiques pour un réseau de transport public est présentée afin d'illustrer la nécessité d'un soutien cartographique à la création des cartes géographiques schématiques pour le transport. Copyright University of Toronto Press Numéro de notice : A2006-437 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.3138/A477-3202-7876-N514 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.3138/A477-3202-7876-N514 Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=28161
in Cartographica > vol 41 n° 3 (September 2006) . - pp 217 - 228[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 031-06031 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible Conception collaborative d'objets géographiques / Patrice Caron in Revue internationale de géomatique, vol 16 n° 2 (juin – août 2006)
[article]
Titre : Conception collaborative d'objets géographiques Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Patrice Caron, Auteur ; Sylvie Lardon, Auteur ; Florence Le Ber, Auteur ; C. Brassac, Auteur ; Michel Mainguenaud, Auteur ; J.M. Preau, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : pp 269 - 284 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Français (fre) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Bases de données localisées
[Termes IGN] approche participative
[Termes IGN] chorème
[Termes IGN] graphe
[Termes IGN] objet géographique
[Termes IGN] plateforme logicielle
[Termes IGN] recherche interdisciplinaire
[Termes IGN] représentation géographique
[Termes IGN] territoireRésumé : (Auteur) Une réflexion pluridisciplinaire sur la conception collaborative d'objets géographiques a permis de recenser quelques outils et dispositifs, de confronter les points de vue disciplinaires et de proposer une plate-forme d'acquisition et de conception. Nous I'appliquons ici à I'analyse de jeux de territoire, permettant d'articuler différentes méthodologies et d'élaborer une vision partagée du territoire, par la production collective de représentations spatiales. Copyright Hermès Numéro de notice : A2006-273 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE/INFORMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.3166/rig.16.269-284 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.3166/rig.16.269-284 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=28000
in Revue internationale de géomatique > vol 16 n° 2 (juin – août 2006) . - pp 269 - 284[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 047-06021 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible 047-06022 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible A new algorithm for continuous area cartogram construction with triangulation of regions and restriction on bearing changes of edges / R. Inoue in Cartography and Geographic Information Science, vol 33 n° 2 (April 2006)PermalinkSIG, chorèmes et systèmes multi-agent : évolution d'un système rural martiniquais et pression polluante / M. Houdart in Revue internationale de géomatique, vol 15 n° 3 (septembre – novembre 2005)PermalinkLes chorèmes comme outil d'analyse des besoins exprimés par des gestionnaires du territoire / F. Brau in Mappemonde, vol 2002 n° 4 tome 68 (décembre 2002)PermalinkChorèmes et diagnostics de territoire : une expérience de formation / Vincent Piveteau in Mappemonde, vol 2002 n° 4 tome 68 (décembre 2002)PermalinkL'accès aux espaces naturels : l'apport des chorèmes à la gestion des conflits d'usage / C. Michel in Mappemonde, vol 2001 n° 2 tome 62 (juin 2001)PermalinkPermalinkLa carte, moyen d'action / D. Poidevin (1999)PermalinkCartography / B.D. Dent (1999)PermalinkCabral 1500 : le chaînon manquant / P. Waniez in Bulletin du comité français de cartographie, n° 140 (juin - août 1994)PermalinkModèles graphiques et représentations spatiales / Yves André (1990)PermalinkIs the Choropleth presentation really a Map? / Jacek Paslawski in Annuaire international de cartographie, n° 29 (1989)PermalinkCartes et modèles à l'école / M. Clary (1987)PermalinkPermalinkIn search of a general idea of class selection for choropleth maps / Jacek Paslawski in Annuaire international de cartographie, n° 24 (1984)PermalinkProduction considerations in isodensity mapping / J. Ronald Eastman in Cartographica, vol 18 n° 1 (March 1981)PermalinkValeurs expressives et fonction formative de la cartographie dans les livres de textes et dans les atlas, selon la moderne didactique / G. Ferro in Annuaire international de cartographie, n° 11 (1971)PermalinkLe centre de l'Institut géographique national de Dakar / P. Traizet in Bulletin d'information de l'Institut géographique national, n° 10 (mars 1970)PermalinkThematische Kartographie / W. Witt (1970)Permalink