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Titre : Theoretical and practical aspects of high-rate GNSS geodetic observations Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Simon Häberling, Auteur Editeur : Zurich : Schweizerischen Geodatischen Kommission / Commission Géodésique Suisse Année de publication : 2016 Autre Editeur : Zurich : Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule ETH - Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich EPFZ Collection : Geodätisch-Geophysikalische Arbeiten in der Schweiz, ISSN 0257-1722 num. 95 Importance : 212 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-908440-41-3 Note générale : bibliographie
thesis submitted to attain the degree of doctor of sciences of ETH ZurichLangues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie spatiale
[Termes IGN] bruit thermique
[Termes IGN] erreur de positionnement
[Termes IGN] filtrage du signal
[Termes IGN] fréquence
[Termes IGN] onde sismique
[Termes IGN] phase
[Termes IGN] source d'erreurIndex. décimale : 30.61 Systèmes de Positionnement par Satellites du GNSS Résumé : (auteur) The main goal of the thesis is the thorough investigation and quantification of GNSS observation errors in the frequency range above 1 Hz while going to the limit of the actual receiver technology with sampling rates up to 100 sps. The potential GNSS errors in this high-frequency band are mainly caused by receiver internal error sources. Due to theoretical considerations and empirical results derived from GNSS observations of almost all available carrier signals, the carrier jitter induced by thermal noise and the receiver frequency response produced by highly dynamic motions could be detected as the two most dominant disturbances affecting high-rate GNSS observations above 1 Hz.
The zero-baseline configuration (splitting the signal from one antenna to two receivers) allowed a detailed study of the carrier phase jitter and correlations between subsequent epochs dependent on different GNSS signal characteristics and baseband parameters. The size of the carrier phase jitter is directly determined by the carrier-to-noise density ratio at baseband and the corresponding loop bandwidth. Especially encrypted code sequences have a strong influence on the quality of the corresponding carrier phase component due to signal strength consuming decryption algorithms. The final consequences are a higher carrier jitter and a stronger frequency response due to the necessary PLL guiding by the strong loop signals such as GPS L1 derived from the C/A component. The impact of this higher carrier phase jitter plays a dominant role for the overall noise in the highfrequency spectrum while building the ionosphere-free linear combination. This has been demonstrated using a zero-baseline, but also a 10 m and 110 km baseline. The carrier phase jitter induced by thermal noise defines the noise level above 1 Hz. This high-frequency noise is therefore baseline independent. No significant differences between a baseline of 10 m and 110 km could be detected considering the signal spectrum between 0.01 Hz and 50 Hz.
For the determination and analysis of the GNSS errors caused by high-frequency motions an experimental setup has been established consisting of a single-axis shake table as motion generator and of a well-known ground-truth defined by inductive displacement transducers. The ground-truth was validated by a strong motion seismometer with a flat frequency response carried on the shake table. With an additional precise time synchronization between all the sensors, the experiment with a mounted GNSS antenna on the shake table enabled the determination of the GNSS receiver frequency response between 1 and 20 Hz. Using different receiver types and PLL bandwidths, the amplitudes even at 3 Hz can be overestimated by about 50%, above 10 Hz also an overestimation can be observed or a reduction by well over half of the amplitude. Not only the amplitude is affected, but also the signal phase with errors between 30 and 90 degrees. This demonstrates the importance of a detailed knowledge of the loop parameters for an assessment of the expected errors, but also for applying an inverse filter in order to correct the GNSS receiver frequency response based on a simple digital PLL model. These results are relevant for all applications with strong dynamics using high-rate GNSS, such as structural health monitoring, machine guidance, navigation, and ionosphere scintillation studies.
Further, seismological implications and the potential contribution of high-rate GNSS to seismology has been evaluated. Based on a moderate synthetic earthquake expected for Switzerland generated on the shake table, the sensitivity of high-rate GPS to highfrequency seismic signals using a realistic baseline length could be tested. Additionally, the receiver response has been simulated for real earthquakes in order to demonstrate the displacement errors caused by the response.Note de contenu : 1- Introduction
2- GNSS Signal Structure
3- GNSS Receiver Architecture
4- Carrier Tracking Modeling
5- Analysis of the GNSS Signal Noise
6- Shake Table Experiments
7- GNSS Receiver Response
8- Implications on Seismology and other Applications
9- Conclusions and OutlookNuméro de notice : 17461 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Autre URL associée : https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-010592866 Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Thèse étrangère Note de thèse : thèse : Sciences : ETHZ : 2015 DOI : 10.3929/ethz-a-010592866 En ligne : https://www.sgc.ethz.ch/sgc-volumes/sgk-95.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=89687 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 17461-01 30.61 Livre Centre de documentation Géodésie Disponible A fast and accurate algorithm for high-frequency trans-ionospheric path length determination / Dudy D Wijaya in Journal of geodesy, vol 89 n° 12 (december 2015)
[article]
Titre : A fast and accurate algorithm for high-frequency trans-ionospheric path length determination Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Dudy D Wijaya, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : pp 1183 - 1196 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement du signal
[Termes IGN] longueur d'onde
[Termes IGN] réfraction atmosphérique
[Termes IGN] troposphèreRésumé : (auteur) This paper presents a fast and accurate algorithm for high-frequency trans-ionospheric path length determination. The algorithm is merely based on the solution of the Eikonal equation that is solved using the conformal theory of refraction. The main advantages of the algorithm are summarized as follows. First, the algorithm can determine the optical path length without iteratively adjusting both elevation and azimuth angles and, hence, the computational time can be reduced. Second, for the same elevation and azimuth angles, the algorithm can simultaneously determine the phase and group of both ordinary and extra-ordinary optical path lengths for different frequencies. Results from numerical simulations show that the computational time required by the proposed algorithm to accurately determine 8 different optical path lengths is almost 17 times faster than that required by a 3D ionospheric ray-tracing algorithm. It is found that the computational time to determine multiple optical path lengths is the same with that for determining a single optical path length. It is also found that the proposed algorithm is capable of determining the optical path lengths with millimeter level of accuracies, if the magnitude of the squared ratio of the plasma frequency to the transmitted frequency is less than 1.33×10−3, and hence the proposed algorithm is applicable for geodetic applications. Numéro de notice : A2015-886 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s00190-015-0841-1 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-015-0841-1 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=79433
in Journal of geodesy > vol 89 n° 12 (december 2015) . - pp 1183 - 1196[article]Fusion of waveform LiDAR data and hyperspectral imagery for land cover classification / Hongzhou Wang in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 108 (October 2015)
[article]
Titre : Fusion of waveform LiDAR data and hyperspectral imagery for land cover classification Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Hongzhou Wang, Auteur ; Craig L. Glennie, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : pp 1 - 11 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications photogrammétriques
[Termes IGN] classification par maximum de vraisemblance
[Termes IGN] classification par séparateurs à vaste marge
[Termes IGN] données lidar
[Termes IGN] extraction de traits caractéristiques
[Termes IGN] forme d'onde pleine
[Termes IGN] fusion d'images
[Termes IGN] fusion de données
[Termes IGN] image hyperspectrale
[Termes IGN] occupation du sol
[Termes IGN] onde lidar
[Termes IGN] semis de points
[Termes IGN] superposition d'images
[Termes IGN] voxelRésumé : (auteur) Current research into the fusion of hyperspectral imagery (HI) and full waveform LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) has relied on first processing the full waveform LiDAR (FWL) data to a set of discrete returns before merging because the data structure and sampling interval of HI and FWL are distinctly different. However, additional information about target properties can potentially be recovered if the waveform shape is preserved in the fusion process. This paper proposes a “voxelization” method to register FWL data to HI by dividing the waveform data into voxels, and then synthesizing all waveforms which intersect a voxel column into one three-dimensional superposition waveform: the synthesized waveform (SWF). A vertical energy distribution coefficients (VEDC) feature is proposed for extracting features from SWF, and then the SWF and HI are fused to form a complete feature space for classification. A pairwise classifier was adapted and completed using both Maximum Likelihood and Support Vector Machine classifiers for the combined SWF/HI features. Results show that this method of generating SWF from FWL data can effectively preserve information from the original waveforms, and the fusion of SWF and HI enhanced land cover classification compared to both using either data set alone or the merging of HI with a discrete LiDAR return point cloud. Numéro de notice : A2015-848 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2015.05.012 Date de publication en ligne : 23/06/2015 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2015.05.012 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=79218
in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing > vol 108 (October 2015) . - pp 1 - 11[article]Getting There by Tuning In: Using HD Radio Signals for Navigation / Ananta Vidyarthi in GPS world, vol 26 n° 9 (September 2015)
[article]
Titre : Getting There by Tuning In: Using HD Radio Signals for Navigation Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Ananta Vidyarthi, Auteur ; H. Howard Fan, Auteur ; Stewart DeVilbiss, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : pp Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement du signal
[Termes IGN] GNSS assisté pour la navigation
[Termes IGN] onde radioélectrique
[Termes IGN] signal GNSSRésumé : (éditeur) In this month’s column, our authors tell us about some extensive simulation work they have carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of using digital radio signals for navigation. In the future, you may be able to turn on your radio and tune in to get to where you’re going. Numéro de notice : A2015-494 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article DOI : sans En ligne : http://gpsworld.com/innovation-getting-there-by-tuning-in/ Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=77304
in GPS world > vol 26 n° 9 (September 2015) . - pp[article]Snow depth estimation based on multipath phase combination of GPS triple-frequency signals / Kegen Yu in IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, vol 53 n° 9 (September 2015)
[article]
Titre : Snow depth estimation based on multipath phase combination of GPS triple-frequency signals Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Kegen Yu, Auteur ; Wei Ban, Auteur ; Xiaohong Zhang, Auteur ; Xingwang Yu, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : pp 5100 - 5109 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de géodésie spatiale
[Termes IGN] données GPS
[Termes IGN] épaisseur
[Termes IGN] manteau neigeux
[Termes IGN] mesurage de phase
[Termes IGN] mesure géométrique
[Termes IGN] onde porteuse
[Termes IGN] positionnement par GNSS
[Termes IGN] récepteur trifréquence
[Termes IGN] réflectométrie par GNSSRésumé : (Auteur) Snow is important to the ecological and climate systems; however, current snowfall and snow depth in situ observations are only available sparsely on the globe. By making use of the networks of Global Positioning System (GPS) stations established for geodetic applications, it is possible to monitor snow distribution on a global scale in an inexpensive way. In this paper, we propose a new snow depth estimation approach using a geodetic GPS station, multipath reflectometry and a linear combination of phase measurements of GPS triple-frequency (L1, L2, and L5) signals. This phase combination is geometry free and is not affected by ionospheric delays. Analytical linear models are first established to describe the relationship between antenna height and spectral peak frequency of combined phase time series, which are calculated based on theoretical formulas. When estimating snow depth in real time, the spectral peak frequency of the phase measurements is obtained, and then the model is used to determine snow depth. Two experimental data sets recorded in two different environments were used to test the proposed method. The results demonstrate that the proposed method shows an improvement with respect to existing methods on average. Numéro de notice : A2015-553 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1109/TGRS.2015.2417214 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2015.2417214 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=77588
in IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing > vol 53 n° 9 (September 2015) . - pp 5100 - 5109[article]Réservation
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