Descripteur
Termes IGN > sciences naturelles > sciences de la Terre et de l'univers > géosciences > géographie physique > météorologie > climatologie > changement climatique
changement climatiqueSynonyme(s)réchauffement de la TerreVoir aussi |
Documents disponibles dans cette catégorie (505)
Ajouter le résultat dans votre panier
Visionner les documents numériques
Affiner la recherche Interroger des sources externes
Etendre la recherche sur niveau(x) vers le bas
Self-thinning tree mortality models that account for vertical stand structure, species mixing and climate / David I. Forrester in Forest ecology and management, Vol 487 ([01/05/2021])
[article]
Titre : Self-thinning tree mortality models that account for vertical stand structure, species mixing and climate Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : David I. Forrester, Auteur ; Thomas G. Backer, Auteur ; Stephen R. Elms, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : n° 118936 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] Abies alba
[Termes IGN] Australie
[Termes IGN] auto-éclaircie
[Termes IGN] changement climatique
[Termes IGN] Chine
[Termes IGN] dépérissement
[Termes IGN] Eucalyptus nitens
[Termes IGN] Fagus sylvatica
[Termes IGN] modèle de croissance végétale
[Termes IGN] mortalité
[Termes IGN] peuplement forestier
[Termes IGN] peuplement mélangé
[Termes IGN] Picea abies
[Termes IGN] Pinus sylvestris
[Termes IGN] Quercus pedunculata
[Termes IGN] Quercus sessiliflora
[Termes IGN] structure de la végétation
[Termes IGN] Suisse
[Vedettes matières IGN] SylvicultureRésumé : (auteur) Self-thinning dynamics are often considered when managing stand density in forests and are used to constrain forest growth models. However, self-thinning relationships are often quantified using only data at a conceptualised self-thinning line, even though self-thinning can begin before the stand actually reaches a self-thinning line. Also, few self-thinning relationships account for the effects of species composition in mixed-species forests, and stand structure such as relative height of species (in mixtures), and/or size or age cohorts in uneven-aged forests. Such considerations may be important given the effects of global climate change and interest in mixed-species and uneven-aged forests. The objective of this study was to develop self-thinning relationships based on changes in the tree density relative to mean tree diameter, instead of focusing only on data for state variables (e.g. tree density) at the self-thinning line. This was done while also considering how the change in tree density is influenced by site quality and stand structure (species composition and relative height). The relationships were modelled using data from temperate Australian Eucalyptus plantations (436 plots), subtropical forests in China (88 plots), and temperate forests in Switzerland (1055 plots). Zero-inflated and hurdle generalized linear models with Poisson and negative binomial distributions were fit for several species, as well as for all-species equations. The intercepts and slopes of the self-thinning lines were higher than many published studies which may have resulted from both the less restrictive equation form and data selection. The rates of self-thinning often decreased as the proportion of the object species increased, as relative height increased (species or size cohort became more dominant), and as site (quality) index increased. The effects of aridity varied between species, with self-thinning increasing with aridity index for Abies alba, Pinus sylvestris, Quercus petraea and Quercus robur, but decreasing with aridity index for Eucalyptus nitens, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies as sites became wetter and cooler. Self-thinning model parameters were not correlated with species traits, including specific leaf area, wood basic density or crown diameter – stem diameter allometry. All-species self-thinning relationships based on all data could be adjusted using a correction factor for rarer species where there were insufficient data to develop species-specific equations. The approach and equations developed could be used in forest growth models to calculate how the tree density declines as mean tree size increases, as height changes relative to other cohorts or species, as species proportions change, and as climatic and edaphic conditions change. Numéro de notice : A2021-355 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2021.118936 Date de publication en ligne : 18/02/2021 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.118936 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=97612
in Forest ecology and management > Vol 487 [01/05/2021] . - n° 118936[article]Time-series snowmelt detection over the Antarctic using Sentinel-1 SAR images on Google Earth Engine / Dong Liang in Remote sensing of environment, Vol 256 (April 2020)
[article]
Titre : Time-series snowmelt detection over the Antarctic using Sentinel-1 SAR images on Google Earth Engine Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Dong Liang, Auteur ; Huadong Guo, Auteur ; Lu Zhang, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : n° 112318 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de télédétection
[Termes IGN] albedo
[Termes IGN] Antarctique
[Termes IGN] calotte glaciaire
[Termes IGN] changement climatique
[Termes IGN] coefficient de rétrodiffusion
[Termes IGN] distribution spatiale
[Termes IGN] fonte des glaces
[Termes IGN] Google Earth Engine
[Termes IGN] image radar moirée
[Termes IGN] image Sentinel-SAR
[Termes IGN] montée du niveau de la mer
[Termes IGN] série temporelleRésumé : (auteur) The Antarctic ice sheet is an important mass of glacier ice. It is particularly sensitive to climate change, and the flow of Antarctica's inland glaciers into the sea, accelerated by collapsing ice shelves, threatens global sea level rise. The amount of snowmelt on the surface of the ice sheet is an important metric for accurately assessing surface material loss and albedo change, which affect the stability of the ice sheet. This study proposes a framework for quickly extracting time-series freeze-thaw information at the continental scale and 40 m resolution by taking advantage of the huge amount of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data acquired by Sentinel-1 satellites over the Antarctic, available for rapid processing on Google Earth Engine. Co-orbit normalization is used in the proposed framework to establish a unified standard of judgement by reducing the variations in the backscattering coefficient introduced by observation geometry, terrain fluctuations, and melt conditions between images acquired at different times. We implemented the framework to produce a massive dataset of both monthly freeze-thaw information over the Antarctic and higher temporal resolution freeze-thaw information for the Larsen C ice shelf from 2015 to 2019, with overall accuracies of 93% verified by a manual visual interpretation method and 84% evaluated from automatic weather station temperatures. Due to its effectiveness and robustness, the framework can be used to analyse the spatiotemporal distribution of snowmelt, the change in melt area, and anomalous melt events in Antarctica, especially those in Larsen C caused by foehn wind. Numéro de notice : A2021-477 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.rse.2021.112318 Date de publication en ligne : 10/02/2021 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112318 Format de la ressource électronique : url article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=97117
in Remote sensing of environment > Vol 256 (April 2020) . - n° 112318[article]Are pine-oak mixed stands in Mediterranean mountains more resilient to drought than their monospecific counterparts? / Francisco J. Muñoz-Gálvez in Forest ecology and management, vol 484 ([15/03/2021])
[article]
Titre : Are pine-oak mixed stands in Mediterranean mountains more resilient to drought than their monospecific counterparts? Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Francisco J. Muñoz-Gálvez, Auteur ; Asier Herrero, Auteur ; Maria Esther Pérez-Corona, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : n° 118955 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] analyse comparative
[Termes IGN] changement climatique
[Termes IGN] croissance des arbres
[Termes IGN] Espagne
[Termes IGN] forêt méditerranéenne
[Termes IGN] gestion forestière
[Termes IGN] module linéaire
[Termes IGN] peuplement mélangé
[Termes IGN] Pinus sylvestris
[Termes IGN] Quercus pyrenaica
[Termes IGN] sécheresse
[Termes IGN] service écosystémique
[Termes IGN] vulnérabilité
[Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatiqueRésumé : (auteur) Climate change projections point to an increase in the intensity and frequency of extreme drought events with important negative impacts on forest functioning. Predicting these impacts constitutes a crucial challenge for forest managers and for the maintenance of ecosystem services supply. Promoting mixed stands seems a promising strategy for adapting forest ecosystems to ongoing climate change. However, some uncertainty exists regarding whether admixture can improve growth resilience to extreme drought events. Here, we aim to assess tree growth response to drought in mixed and monospecific stands of Pinus sylvestris L. and Quercus pyrenaica Willd. in central Spain. We built tree-ring chronologies and evaluated tree growth sensitivity to water availability and growth resilience components to extreme droughts using linear mixed models. We found contrasting species- and climate-specific responses to admixture. Q. pyrenaica growth was significantly higher in mixed than in monospecific stands, especially in years without water limitations, while P. sylvestris showed higher growth in mixed stands under dry conditions. However, our results showed a species-specific trade-off between resistance and recovery. While P. sylvestris showed higher resistance but lower recovery to drought events in mixed than monospecific stands, Q. pyrenaica showed higher recovery but lower resistance. This trade-off might explain the absence of admixture effects on species resilience. Our results highlight the importance of considering species-specific responses to water availability and associated trade-offs when evaluating admixture effects on drought vulnerability. Overall, we show a positive effect of admixture on the long-term growth stability in response to average climate conditions, but no effects in short-term resilience capacity to increasingly common extreme dry conditions. Consequently, admixture can promote forest productivity stability but should be carefully considered as a management solution for promoting the resilience of Mediterranean mountain forests to increasing aridity. Numéro de notice : A2021-264 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2021.118955 Date de publication en ligne : 25/01/2021 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.118955 Format de la ressource électronique : url article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=97316
in Forest ecology and management > vol 484 [15/03/2021] . - n° 118955[article]Attribution of the Australian bushfire risk to anthropogenic climate change / Geert Jan Van Oldenborgh in Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, vol 21 n° 3 (March 2021)
[article]
Titre : Attribution of the Australian bushfire risk to anthropogenic climate change Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Geert Jan Van Oldenborgh, Auteur ; Folmer Krikken, Auteur ; Sophie Lewis, Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : pp 941 - 960 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de télédétection
[Termes IGN] analyse des risques
[Termes IGN] brousse
[Termes IGN] changement climatique
[Termes IGN] incendie
[Termes IGN] modèle météorologique
[Termes IGN] planification
[Termes IGN] prévention des risques
[Termes IGN] série temporelle
[Termes IGN] température au sol
[Termes IGN] utilisation du solRésumé : (auteur) Disastrous bushfires during the last months of 2019 and January 2020 affected Australia, raising the question to what extent the risk of these fires was exacerbated by anthropogenic climate change. To answer the question for southeastern Australia, where fires were particularly severe, affecting people and ecosystems, we use a physically based index of fire weather, the Fire Weather Index; long-term observations of heat and drought; and 11 large ensembles of state-of-the-art climate models. We find large trends in the Fire Weather Index in the fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Atmospheric Reanalysis (ERA5) since 1979 and a smaller but significant increase by at least 30 % in the models. Therefore, we find that climate change has induced a higher weather-induced risk of such an extreme fire season. This trend is mainly driven by the increase of temperature extremes. In agreement with previous analyses we find that heat extremes have become more likely by at least a factor of 2 due to the long-term warming trend. However, current climate models overestimate variability and tend to underestimate the long-term trend in these extremes, so the true change in the likelihood of extreme heat could be larger, suggesting that the attribution of the increased fire weather risk is a conservative estimate. We do not find an attributable trend in either extreme annual drought or the driest month of the fire season, September–February. The observations, however, show a weak drying trend in the annual mean. For the 2019/20 season more than half of the July–December drought was driven by record excursions of the Indian Ocean Dipole and Southern Annular Mode, factors which are included in the analysis here. The study reveals the complexity of the 2019/20 bushfire event, with some but not all drivers showing an imprint of anthropogenic climate change. Finally, the study concludes with a qualitative review of various vulnerability and exposure factors that each play a role, along with the hazard in increasing or decreasing the overall impact of the bushfires. Numéro de notice : A2021-395 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article DOI : 10.5194/nhess-21-941-2021 Date de publication en ligne : 11/03/2021 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-941-2021 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=97684
in Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences > vol 21 n° 3 (March 2021) . - pp 941 - 960[article]A multi-criteria analysis of forest restoration strategies to improve the ecosystem services supply: an application in Central Italy / Alessandro Paletto in Annals of Forest Science, vol 78 n° 1 (March 2021)
[article]
Titre : A multi-criteria analysis of forest restoration strategies to improve the ecosystem services supply: an application in Central Italy Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Alessandro Paletto, Auteur ; Elisa Pieratti, Auteur ; Isabella De Meo, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : n° 7 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] analyse multicritère
[Termes IGN] changement climatique
[Termes IGN] éclaircie (sylviculture)
[Termes IGN] Italie
[Termes IGN] marché du bois
[Termes IGN] puits de carbone
[Termes IGN] reboisement
[Termes IGN] service écosystémique
[Termes IGN] volume en bois
[Vedettes matières IGN] Economie forestièreRésumé : (auteur) Key message: A multi-criteria analysis can be an interesting tool to assess the effects of silvicultural treatments on ecosystem services supply. In the degraded forests, thinning has a positive effect on the provision of ecosystem services such as timber and bioenergy production, climate change mitigation, and recreational attractiveness.
Context: The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment highlights the importance of the ecosystem services for human well-being and for maintaining conditions for life on Earth. Silvicultural treatments can improve the provision of ecosystem services to increase local communities’ well-being.
Aims: The aim of this study is to understand the effects of two-forest restoration practices (selective thinning and thinning from below) on three ecosystem services (wood production, climate change mitigation, and recreational opportunities) in an Italian case study.
Methods: A multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) was performed to compare the effects of three forest restoration scenarios (baseline, selective thinning, thinning from below) on ecosystem services. Wood production was estimated considering the local market prices and the wood volumes harvested, while climate change mitigation was quantified through the C-stock and C-sequestration changes in carbon pools due to the silvicultural treatments. The recreational activities were assessed through a questionnaire survey. A sample of 200 visitors was interviewed face-to-face to estimate the impact of thinning on recreational activities.
Results: The results of the MCDA show that the selective thinning scenario is the optimal forest restoration practice to increase the recreational attractiveness and the wood production in the study area.
Conclusion: The results concerning the effects of the silvicultural treatments on ecosystem services supply are an important tool to support decision makers.Numéro de notice : A2021-104 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s13595-020-01020-5 Date de publication en ligne : 18/01/2021 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-020-01020-5 Format de la ressource électronique : url article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=96887
in Annals of Forest Science > vol 78 n° 1 (March 2021) . - n° 7[article]Assessment of mass-induced sea level variability in the Tropical Indian Ocean based on GRACE and altimeter observations / Shiva Shankar Manche in Journal of geodesy, vol 95 n° 2 (February 2021)PermalinkLong-term tree species population dynamics in Swiss forest reserves influenced by forest structure and climate / Amanda S. Mathys in Forest ecology and management, vol 481 (February 2021)PermalinkPure and even-aged forestry of fast growing conifers under climate change: on the need of a silvicultural paradigm shift / Clémentine Ols in Environmental Research Letters, vol 16 n° 2 (February 2021)PermalinkStand-scale climate change impacts on forests over large areas: transient responses and projection uncertainties / NIca Huber in Ecological Applications, vol 31 ([01/02/2021])PermalinkUrban agglomeration worsens spatial disparities in climate adaptation / Seung-Kyum Kim in Scientific reports, vol 11 (2021)PermalinkPermalinkApport de la télédétection pour la simulation spatialisée des composantes du bilan carbone des cultures et des effets d'atténuation biogéochimiques et biogéophysiques des cultures intermédiaires / Gaétan Pique (2021)PermalinkBeach morphology and its dynamism from remote sensing for coastal management support / Carlos Cabezas Rabadán (2021)PermalinkPermalinkCharacterization of mass variations in Antarctica in response to climatic fluctuations from space-based gravimetry and radar altimetry data / Athul Kaitheri (2021)PermalinkPermalinkPermalinkDéveloppement d'un modèle de macro-dynamique forestière pour simuler la dynamique des forêts françaises dans un contexte non-stationnaire / Timothée Audinot (2021)PermalinkPermalinkPermalinkLes impacts spatiaux du changement climatique / Denis Mercier (2021)PermalinkModelling landslide hazards under global changes: the case of a Pyrenean valley / Séverine Bernardie in Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, vol 21 n° 1 (January 2021)PermalinkLe monde sans fin / Jean-Marc Jancovici (2021)PermalinkPermalinkQualification des données LiDAR GEDI pour le suivi de l’impact climatique sur la forêt de Südharz / Iris Jeuffrard (2021)Permalink