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On-the-fly ambiguity resolution involving only carrier phase measurements for stand-alone ground-based positioning systems / Tengfei Wang in GPS solutions, vol 23 n° 2 (April 2019)  

Public [article]  inGPS solutions > vol 23 n° 2 (April 2019) Titre : On-the-fly ambiguity resolution involving only carrier phase measurements for stand-alone ground-based positioning systems Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Tengfei Wang, Auteur ; Zheng Yao, Auteur ; Mingquan Lu, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie spatiale [Termes descripteurs IGN] ambiguïté entière [Termes descripteurs IGN] compensation Lambda [Termes descripteurs IGN] double différence [Termes descripteurs IGN] mesurage de phase [Termes descripteurs IGN] positionnement absolu [Termes descripteurs IGN] positionnement ponctuel précis [Termes descripteurs IGN] résolution d'ambiguïté [Termes descripteurs IGN] station permanente Résumé : (Auteur) Despite the wide use of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS), its performance can be severely degraded due to blockage and vulnerability to interference. Stand-alone ground-based positioning systems can provide positioning services in the absence of GNSS signals and have tremendous application potential. For precise point positioning in ground-based systems, ambiguity resolution (AR) is a key issue. On-the-fly (OTF) AR methods are desirable for reasons of convenience. The existing methods usually linearize a nonlinear problem approximately by a series expansion that is based on an initial position estimation obtained by code measurements or measuring instruments. However, if the initial position estimation contains relatively large errors, the convergence of existing methods cannot be ensured. We present a new OTF-AR method based on the double difference square (DDS) observation model for ground-based precise point positioning, which involves only carrier phase measurements. The initial solution obtained from the DDS model is sufficiently accurate to obtain a float solution by linearization, and this step only requires the frequency synchronization of base stations. Further, if the clock differences of the base stations are accurately calibrated, a fixed solution can be obtained by employing the LAMBDA algorithm. Numerical simulations and a real-world experiment are conducted to validate the proposed method. Both the simulations and the experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve high-accuracy positioning. These results enable precise point positioning to be applied in situations where no reliable code measurements or other measuring instruments are available for stand-alone ground-based positioning systems. Numéro de notice : A2019-058 Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s10291-019-0825-3 date de publication en ligne : 02/02/2019 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10291-019-0825-3 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=92090 [article]

Benefits of the third frequency signal on cycle slip correction / Xiaohong Zhang in GPS solutions, vol 20 n° 3 (July 2016)  

Public [article]  inGPS solutions > vol 20 n° 3 (July 2016) . - pp 451 - 460 Titre : Benefits of the third frequency signal on cycle slip correction Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Xiaohong Zhang, Auteur ; Pan Li, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 451 - 460 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie spatiale [Termes descripteurs IGN] compensation Lambda [Termes descripteurs IGN] constellation BeiDou [Termes descripteurs IGN] glissement de cycle [Termes descripteurs IGN] positionnement ponctuel précis [Termes descripteurs IGN] récepteur trifréquence Résumé : (Auteur) Cycle slip detection and correction are important issues when carrier phase observations are used in high-precision GNSS data processing and have, therefore, been intensively investigated. Along with the GNSS modernization, the cycle slip correction (CSC) problem has been raised to deal with more signals from multi-frequencies. We extend the geometry-based approach by integrating time-differenced pseudorange and carrier phase observations to estimate the integer number of triple-frequency cycle slips together with the receiver clock offset, ionospheric delay variations and receiver displacements. The Least-squares AMBiguity Decorrelation Adjustment method can be employed. The benefit of the third frequency observation on the cycle slip estimate is first investigated with simulation tests. The results show that adding the third frequency observation can significantly improve the model strength and that a reliable triple-frequency CSC with a theoretical success rate of higher than 99.9 % can still be achieved, even under the condition that the range or ionosphere delay variation is poorly defined. The performance of triple-frequency CSC is validated with real triple-frequency BDS data since all BDS satellites in orbit are transmitting triple-frequency signals. The results show that the fixing rate of CSC can reach 99.1 % in static precise point positioning (PPP) and 98.8 % in the kinematic case. PPP solutions with cycle slip-uncorrected and cycle slip-corrected data sets are compared to validate the correctness of triple-frequency CSC. The standard deviations of the PPP solution in east, north and vertical component, respectively, can be improved by 31.1, 30.7 and 37.6 % for static, and by 42.0, 53.8 and 39.7 % for kinematic after cycle slips are corrected. The performance of dual- and triple-frequency CSC is also compared. Results show that the performance of dual-frequency CSC is slightly worse than that of triple-frequency CSC. These results demonstrate that the performance of CSC can be significantly improved with triple-frequency observations. Numéro de notice : A2016-632 Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10291-015-0456-2 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81835 [article]

Performance analysis of triple-frequency ambiguity resolution with BeiDou observations / Xiaohong Zhang in GPS solutions, vol 20 n° 2 (April 2016)  

Public [article]  inGPS solutions > vol 20 n° 2 (April 2016) . - pp 269 - 281 Titre : Performance analysis of triple-frequency ambiguity resolution with BeiDou observations Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Xiaohong Zhang, Auteur ; Xiyang He, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 269 - 281 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie spatiale [Termes descripteurs IGN] compensation Lambda [Termes descripteurs IGN] correction du trajet multiple [Termes descripteurs IGN] données BeiDou [Termes descripteurs IGN] performance [Termes descripteurs IGN] récepteur trifréquence [Termes descripteurs IGN] résolution d'ambiguïté Résumé : (Auteur) We investigate triple-frequency ambiguity resolution performance using real BeiDou data. We test four ambiguity resolution (AR) methods which are applicable to triple-frequency observations. These are least squares ambiguity decorrelation adjustment (LAMBDA), GF-TCAR (geometry-free three-carrier ambiguity resolution), GB-TCAR (geometry-based three-carrier ambiguity resolution) and GIF-TCAR (three-carrier ambiguity resolution based on the geometry-free and ionospheric-free combination). A comparison between LAMBDA, GF-TCAR and GB-TCAR was conducted over three short baselines and two medium baselines. The results indicated that LAMBDA is optimal in both short baseline and medium baseline cases. However, the performances of GB-TCAR and LAMBDA differ slightly for short baselines. Compared with GF-TCAR, which uses the geometry-free model, the GB-TCAR using the geometry-based model improves the AR performance significantly. Compared with dual-frequency observations, the LAMBDA AR results show a significant improvement when using triple-frequency observations over short baselines. The performance of GIF-TCAR is evaluated using multi-epoch observations. The results indicated that multi-path errors on carrier phases will have a significant influence on GIF-TCAR AR results, which leads to different GIF-TCAR AR performance for different type of satellites. For GEO (Geostationary Orbit) satellites, the ambiguities can barely be correctly fixed because the multi-path errors on carrier phases are very systematic. For IGSO (Inclined Geosynchronous Orbit) and MEO (Medium Earth Orbit) satellites, when the elevation cutoff angle is set as 30°, several tens to several hundreds of epochs are needed for correctly fixing the narrow lane ambiguities. The comparison of positioning performance between dual-frequency observations and triple-frequency observations was also conducted. The results indicated that a minor improvement can be achieved by using triple-frequency observations compared with using dual-frequency observations. Numéro de notice : A2016-614 Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10291-014-0434-0 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81814 [article]

GPS satellite surveying / Alfred Leick (2015)

Public Titre : GPS satellite surveying Type de document : Monographie Auteurs : Alfred Leick, Auteur ; Lev Rapoport, Auteur ; Dmitry Tatarnikov, Auteur Mention d'édition : 4th edition Editeur : New York, Londres, Hoboken (New Jersey), ... : John Wiley & Sons Année de publication : 2015 Importance : 807 p. Format : 16 x 24 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-1-118-67557-1 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie spatiale [Termes descripteurs IGN] antenne GNSS [Termes descripteurs IGN] compensation Lambda [Termes descripteurs IGN] Global Positioning System [Termes descripteurs IGN] positionnement cinématique en temps réel [Termes descripteurs IGN] positionnement par GNSS [Termes descripteurs IGN] troposphère Index. décimale : 30.61 Systèmes de Positionnement par Satellites du GNSS  Résumé : (Editeur) This book is the classic text on the subject, providing the most comprehensive coverage of global navigation satellite systems applications for surveying. Fully updated and expanded to reflect the field's latest developments, this new edition contains new information on GNSS antennas, Precise Point Positioning, Real-time Relative Positioning, Lattice Reduction, and much more. New contributors offer additional insight that greatly expands the book's reach, providing readers with complete, in-depth coverage of geodetic surveying using satellite technologies. The newest, most cutting-edge tools, technologies, and applications are explored in-depth to help readers stay up to date on best practices and preferred methods, giving them the understanding they need to consistently produce more reliable measurement. Global navigation satellite systems have an array of uses in military, civilian, and commercial applications. In surveying, GNSS receivers are used to position survey markers, buildings, and road construction as accurately as possible with less room for human error. This book provides complete guidance toward the practical aspects of the field, helping readers to: - Get up to speed on the latest GPS/GNSS developments, - Understand how satellite technology is applied to surveying, - Examine in-depth information on adjustments and geodesy, - Learn the fundamentals of positioning, lattice adjustment, antennas, and more. The surveying field has seen quite an evolution of technology in the decade since the last edition's publication. This new edition covers it all, bringing the reader deep inside the latest tools and techniques being used on the job. Surveyors, engineers, geologists, and anyone looking to employ satellite positioning will find GPS Satellite Surveying to be of significant assistance. Note de contenu : 1. INTRODUCTION 2. LEAST-SQUARES ADJUSTMENTS 2.1 Elementary Considerations 2.2 Stochastic and Mathematical Models 2.3 Mixed Model 2.4 Sequential Mixed Model 2.5 Model Specifications 2.6 Minimal and Inner Constraints 2.7 Statistics in Least-Squares Adjustment 2.8 Reliability 2.9 Blunder Detection 2.10 Examples 2.11 Kalman Filtering 3. RECURSIVE LEAST SQUARES 3.1 Static Parameter 3.2 Static Parameters and Arbitrary Time-Varying Variables 3.3 Dynamic Constraints 3.4 Static Parameters and Dynamic Constraints 3.5 Static Parameter, Parameters Subject to Dynamic Constraints, and Arbitrary Time-Varying Parameters 4. GEODESY 4.1 International Terrestrial Reference Frame 4.2 International Celestial Reference System 4.3 Datum 4.4 3D Geodetic Model 4.5 Ellipsoidal Model 4.6 Conformal Mapping Model 4.7 Summary 5. SATELLITE SYSTEMS 5.1 Motion of Satellites 5.2 Global Positioning System 5.3 GLONASS 5.4 Galileo 5.5 QZSS 5.6 Beidou 5.7 IRNSS 5.8 SBAS: WAAS, EGNOS, GAGAN, MSAS, and SDCM 6. GNSS POSITIONING APPROACHES 6.1 Observables 6.2 Operational Details 6.3 Navigation Solution 6.4 Relative Positioning 6.5 Ambiguity Fixing 6.6 Network-Supported Positioning 6.7 Triple-Frequency Solutions 6.8 Summary 7. REAL-TIME KINEMATICS RELATIVE POSITIONING 7.1 Multisystem Considerations 7.2 Undifferenced and Across-Receiver Difference Observations 7.3 Linearization and Hardware Bias Parameterization 7.4 RTK Algorithm for Static and Short Baselines 7.5 RTK Algorithm for Kinematic Rovers and Short Baselines 7.6 RTK Algorithm with Dynamic Model and Short Baselines 7.7 RTK Algorithm with Dynamic Model and Long Baselines 7.8 RTK Algorithms with Changing Number of Signals 7.9 Cycle Slip Detection and Isolation 7.10 Across-Receiver Ambiguity Fixing 7.11 Software Implementation 8. TROPOSPHERE AND IONOSPHERE 8.1 Overview 8.2 Tropospheric Refraction and Delay 8.3 Troposphere Absorption 8.4 Ionospheric Refraction 9. GNSS RECEIVER ANTENNAS 9.1 Elements of Electromagnetic Fields and Electromagnetic Waves 9.2 Antenna Pattern and Gain 9.3 Phase Center 9.4 Diffraction and Multipat 9.5 Transmission Lines 9.6 Signal-to-Noise Ratio 9.7 Antenna Types APPENDIXES A. GENERAL BACKGROUND B. THE ELLIPSOID C. CONFORMAL MAPPING D. VECTOR CALCULUS AND DELTA FUNCTION E. ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD GENERATED BY ARBITRARY SOURCES, MAGNETIC CURRENTS, BOUNDARY CONDITIONS, AND IMAGES F. DIFFRACTION OVER HALF-PLANE G. SINGLE CAVITY MODE APPROXIMATION WITH PATCH ANTENNA ANALYSIS H. PATCH ANTENNAS WITH ARTIFICIAL DIELECTRIC SUBSTRATES I. CONVEX PATCH ARRAY GEODETIC ANTENNA Numéro de notice : 22434 Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Monographie Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=79696

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Generalized integer aperture estimation for partial GNSS ambiguity fixing / Andreas Brack in Journal of geodesy, vol 88 n° 5 (May 2014)  

Public [article]  inJournal of geodesy > vol 88 n° 5 (May 2014) . - pp 479 - 490 Titre : Generalized integer aperture estimation for partial GNSS ambiguity fixing Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Andreas Brack, Auteur ; Christophe Günther, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : pp 479 - 490 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie spatiale [Termes descripteurs IGN] ambiguïté entière [Termes descripteurs IGN] compensation Lambda [Termes descripteurs IGN] double différence [Termes descripteurs IGN] mesurage de phase [Termes descripteurs IGN] positionnement par GNSS [Termes descripteurs IGN] résolution d'ambiguïté [Termes descripteurs IGN] signal Galileo [Termes descripteurs IGN] traitement de données GNSS Résumé : (Auteur) In satellite navigation, the key to high precision is to make use of the carrier-phase measurements. The periodicity of the carrier-phase, however, leads to integer ambiguities. Often, resolving the full set of ambiguities cannot be accomplished for a given reliability constraint. In that case, it can be useful to resolve a subset of ambiguities. The selection of the subset should be based not only on the stochastic system model but also on the actual measurements from the tracking loops. This paper presents a solution to the problem of joint subset selection and ambiguity resolution. The proposed method can be interpreted as a generalized version of the class of integer aperture estimators. Two specific realizations of this new class of estimators are presented, based on different acceptance tests. Their computation requires only a single tree search, and can be efficiently implemented, e.g., in the framework of the well-known LAMBDA method. Numerical simulations with double difference measurements based on Galileo E1 signals are used to evaluate the performance of the introduced estimation schemes under a given reliability constraint. The results show a clear gain of partial fixing in terms of the probability of correct ambiguity resolution, leading to improved baseline estimates. Numéro de notice : A2014-256 Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s00190-014-0699-7 date de publication en ligne : 18/02/2014 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-014-0699-7 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=33159 [article]

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Rapid static positioning using GPS and GLONASS / Gerhard Beutler in Bulletin of geodesy and geomatics BGG, vol 69 n° 2 - 3 (December 2010)

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Platoon, roll! Robots test sensor combos / S. Crawford in GPS world, vol 17 n° 6 (June 2006)

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Precise relative positioning of formation flying spacecraft using GPS / R. Kroes (2006)

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GPS Satellite surveying / Alfred Leick (2004)

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Application des méthodes de résolution d'ambigüités sur la mesure de phase GPS à l'approche de précision / J.P. Chauveau (2002)

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Integer GPS-ambiguity estimation without the receiver-satellite geometry / N.F. Jonkman (1998)

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A processing strategy for the application of the GPS in networks / P.J. DE Jonge (1998)

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Recursive data processing for kinematic GPS surveying / C. Tiberius (1998)

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The lambda method for integer ambiguity estimation / P.J. DE Jonge (1993)

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