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The Forests in Germany / Federal ministry of food and agriculture = Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (Berlin, Allemagne) (2015)
Titre : The Forests in Germany : selected results of the third national forest inventory Type de document : Rapport Auteurs : Federal ministry of food and agriculture = Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (Berlin, Allemagne), Auteur ; Christian Schmidt, Préfacier, etc. Editeur : Berlin : Federal ministry of food and agriculture BMEL Année de publication : 2015 Importance : 54 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Note générale : Glossaire Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] Allemagne
[Termes IGN] biotope
[Termes IGN] changement climatique
[Termes IGN] espèce exotique envahissante
[Termes IGN] Fagus (genre)
[Termes IGN] forêt
[Termes IGN] habitat forestier
[Termes IGN] Picea abies
[Termes IGN] Pinus (genre)
[Termes IGN] Quercus (genre)
[Termes IGN] structure d'un peuplement forestier
[Termes IGN] surveillance forestière
[Vedettes matières IGN] Ecologie forestièreRésumé : (Editeur) [Introduction] The forest possesses many talents. It is a home for animals and plants, an important climate protector and contains a wealth of biological diversity. For us, it is also an important supplier of raw materials. We need timber to build houses and furniture, for the production of energy and for the paper on which this booklet is printed. The forest is, however, also a place of peace and quiet that offers us refuge and recreation in our hectic, fast-paced world. Therefore, the forest is indispensable for all of our lives. One third of Germany is forested over 11.4 million hectares. The Third National Forest Inventory (NFI) provides good news: Our forest area has remained unchanged. More timber is re-growing than we use. We also have more of it than any other country in the European Union. In spite of high use, our forest stocks rose to 3.7 billion cubic metres. The appearance of German forests is characterized by 90 billion old and young spruces, pines, beeches, oaks and other tree species. The percentage of deciduous trees has risen. The forests have become more diverse and natural in structure. We find more deadwood in them – an important foundation for biodiversity. The good condition of our forests is the consequence of the silvicultural actions of many forest owners and foresters and the result of a forestry policy based on balance and sustainability that distributes the responsibilities on many shoulders: roughly half of German forests are privately owned. One fifth of them are owned by municipalities, cities and other public entities. One third belong to the Länder and the Federal government. But the National Forest Inventory also indicates the need for action. One example is the spruce: the NFI confirms that the spruce – an important supplier of raw material for the timber industry – is in decline. We must therefore talk about how much spruce forest we need and what alternatives there are to the spruce in the face of climate change. The forest should be used in the best possible way without overtaxing it. To make sure of this, the Federal government devised the Forest Strategy 2020. Its objective is to express and harmonize our diverse demands on the forest. This is the only way to maintain our chances for having intact forests for future generations as well. That is why my maxim is “Our forests: utilize and preserve.” The aim of this booklet is to generate understanding for the forest, forest owners and foresters. It provides citizens with the opportunity to get to know the functions of the forest and appreciate its value. Hence, the booklet is a contribution to sustainable forest management. Note de contenu : 1. Germany, the land of forests – forest area unchanged
- The forests – mainly privately owned
- Varying forest abundance in the Länder
2. The forest habitat – more biological diversity in the forest
- Spruce, pine, beech, oak – the most common tree species
- Forest damage led to rethinking – climate change faces us with new challenges
- Increase in older forests
- Rise in numbers of deciduous trees
- Forests more diversely structured
- Naturalness of tree species composition is somewhat improved
- More deadwood found than ten years ago
- Specially protected biotopes on five percent of the forest area
- Invasive plants in the forest are currently of little significance
- Biotope trees – stepping stones for biological diversity
- Conservation status of large-area forest habitat types protected under the Fauna-Flora-Habitats Directive
3. The forest resources – timber stock at record high
- Stock rose again
- Rise in stock primarily among large-girth trees
- The special case of spruce – stock decreased
- Timber increment at a high level
- Timber use at a high level
- Growth greater than use
- Timber use increasingly restricted or suspended
4. The forests as climate protectors – still a carbon sink
5. Surveying the forest
- Open during inventory – the inventory procedure
- National Forest Inventory – established information basisNuméro de notice : 22453 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : BIODIVERSITE/FORET Nature : Rapport Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=79981 Documents numériques
en open access
22453-Forests_in_Germany-BWI.pdfAdobe Acrobat PDF Effect of host tree density and apparency on the probability of attack by the pine processionary moth / Margot Regolini in Forest ecology and management, vol 334 ([15/12/2014])
[article]
Titre : Effect of host tree density and apparency on the probability of attack by the pine processionary moth Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Margot Regolini, Auteur ; Bastien Castagneyrol, Auteur ; Anne-Maïmiti Dulaurent-Mercadal, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : pp 185 - 192 Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation
[Termes IGN] densité de la végétation
[Termes IGN] hauteur des arbres
[Termes IGN] Insecta
[Termes IGN] insecte nuisible
[Termes IGN] Pinus pinaster
[Termes IGN] xylophageRésumé : (auteur) The pine processionary moth (PPM, Thaumetopoea pityocampa) is the main defoliator of pines in the Mediterranean area, necessitating constant surveillance and regular pest management. A sound understanding of the spatial distribution of infested trees, both within and between stands, is required to increase management efficiency. We hypothesized that both host tree density at stand scale and tree apparency at individual tree scale were responsible for between- and within-stand patterns of PPM infestation. We tested these hypotheses on a sample of 171 maritime pine stands in the Landes de Gascogne, the largest plantation forest in Europe. We showed that PPM infestation (percentage of infested trees) decreased significantly with stand density, and was therefore greater in older than in younger stands. The probability of a pine tree being attacked increased significantly with tree height and proximity to the edge of the stand. Mortality rates of exposed sentinel egg batches did not differ with distance from the stand edge. We discuss three likely explanations for higher infestation of taller trees at stand edges: better survival of larvae on sun-exposed trees, and random interception vs. active host selection by gravid females. Our findings suggest that stand management could be adapted in order to decrease the risk of damage by the pine processionary moth, and that predictive tools for infestation dynamics can be based on forest growth models. Numéro de notice : A2014-745 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.08.038 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2014.08.038 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=75920
in Forest ecology and management > vol 334 [15/12/2014] . - pp 185 - 192[article]Impact of management on nutrients, carbon, and energy in aboveground biomass components of mid-rotation loblolly pine (pinus taeda L.) plantations / Dehai Zhao in Annals of Forest Science, vol 71 n° 8 (December 2014)
[article]
Titre : Impact of management on nutrients, carbon, and energy in aboveground biomass components of mid-rotation loblolly pine (pinus taeda L.) plantations Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Dehai Zhao, Auteur ; Michael Kane, Auteur ; Robert Teskey, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : pp 843 - 851 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation
[Termes IGN] nutrition végétale
[Termes IGN] pineraie
[Termes IGN] Pinus taeda
[Termes IGN] puits de carbone
[Termes IGN] récolte de boisRésumé : (Auteur) Context : To sustainably manage loblolly pine plantations for bioenergy and carbon sequestration, accurate information is required on the relationships between management regimes and energy, carbon, and nutrient export.
Aims : The effects of cultural intensity and planting density were investigated with respect to energy, carbon, and essential nutrients in aboveground biomass of mid-rotation loblolly pine plantations, and the effects of harvesting scenarios on export of nutrients were tested.
Methods : Destructive biomass sampling of a 12 years-old loblolly pine culture/density experiment, and analysis of variance were used to assess the effects of cultural intensity (operational vs. intensive) and six planting densities ranging from 741 to 4,448 trees ha−1. Two harvesting scenarios (stem-only vs. whole-tree harvesting) were assessed in terms of energy, carbon, and nutrient export.
Results : The concentrations of energy, carbon, and nutrients varied significantly among stem wood, bark, branch, and foliage components. Cultural intensity and planting density did not significantly affect these concentrations. Differences in energy, carbon and nutrient contents among treatments were mainly mediated by changes in total biomass. Nutrient contents were affected by either cultural intensity or planting density, or both. Stem-only harvesting removed 71–79% of aboveground energy and carbon, 29–45% of N, 28–44% of P, 44–57% of K, 51–65% of Ca, and 50–61% of Mg.
Conclusions : Stem-only harvesting would be preferred to whole-tree harvesting, from a site nutrient conservation perspective.Numéro de notice : A2014-579 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1007/s13595-014-0384-2 Date de publication en ligne : 22/05/2014 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-014-0384-2 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=74769
in Annals of Forest Science > vol 71 n° 8 (December 2014) . - pp 843 - 851[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 016-2014081 SL Revue Centre de documentation Revues en salle Disponible Economics of harvesting uneven-aged forest stands in Fennoscandia / Janne Rämo in Scandinavian journal of forest research, vol 29 n° 8 (October 2014)
[article]
Titre : Economics of harvesting uneven-aged forest stands in Fennoscandia Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Janne Rämo, Auteur ; Olli Tahvonen, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : pp 777 - 792 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Economie
[Termes IGN] Betula (genre)
[Termes IGN] Fennoscandie
[Termes IGN] forêt inéquienne
[Termes IGN] peuplement forestier
[Termes IGN] Picea abies
[Termes IGN] Pinus sylvestris
[Termes IGN] rendementRésumé : (auteur) This study analyzes the optimal harvesting of uneven-aged Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), and birch (Betula pendula Roth. and B. pubescens Ehrh.) stands. The analysis is based on an economic description of uneven-aged forestry using a size-structured transition matrix model and a single-tree model. The optimization problem is solved in its general dynamic form using gradient-based interior point methods. Increasing the harvesting interval decreases the annual volume yield. Assuming natural regeneration, this suggests that volume yield is maximized by uneven-aged rather than even-aged management. The present value of stumpage revenues is maximized after saw timber and pulpwood prices, interest rate, and a 15-year harvesting interval are included. The economically optimal solution with a 3% interest rate produces an annual yield of 1.9, 6.2, and 3.1 cubic meters for Scots pine, Norway spruce, and birch, respectively. Both the optimal volume yield and net present value maximization solutions converge to unique species- and site-type-specific steady states with constant harvests. The transition matrix model typically used in optimization studies is computationally less demanding than the single-tree model, but the differences in optimal solutions are more remarkable than earlier studies suggest. Numéro de notice : A2014-783 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/02827581.2014.982166 Date de publication en ligne : 31/10/2014 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2014.982166 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=79380
in Scandinavian journal of forest research > vol 29 n° 8 (October 2014) . - pp 777 - 792[article]Impact of local slope and aspect assessed from LiDAR records on tree diameter in radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) plantations / Hanieh Saremi in Annals of Forest Science, vol 71 n° 7 (October 2014)
[article]
Titre : Impact of local slope and aspect assessed from LiDAR records on tree diameter in radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) plantations Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Hanieh Saremi, Auteur ; L. Kumar, Auteur ; Russell Turner, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : pp 771 - 780 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de télédétection
[Termes IGN] biomasse
[Termes IGN] pente
[Termes IGN] Pinus (genre)
[Termes IGN] topographie localeRésumé : (Auteur) Context
Reliable information on tree stem diameter variation at local spatial scales and on the factors controlling it could potentially lead to improved biomass estimation over pine plantations.
Aims
This study addressed the relationship between local topography and tree diameter at breast height (DBH) within two even-aged radiata pine plantation sites in New South Wales, Australia.
Methods
A total of 85 plots were established, and 1,302 trees were sampled from the two sites. Airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) was used to derive slope and aspect and to link them to each individual tree.
Results
The results showed a significant relationship between DBH and local topography factors. At both sites, trees on slopes below 20° and on southerly aspects displayed significantly larger DBHs than trees on steeper slopes and northerly aspects. Older trees with similar heights also exhibited a significant relationship between DBH and aspect factor, where greater DBHs were found on southerly aspects.
Conclusions
The observed correlation between tree DBH and LiDAR-derived slope and aspect could contribute to the development of improved biomass estimation approaches in pine plantations. These topographical variables are easily attained with airborne LiDAR, and they could potentially improve DBH predictions in resource inventories (e.g. stand volume or biomass) and support field sampling design.Numéro de notice : A2014-534 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1007/s13595-014-0374-4 Date de publication en ligne : 16/04/2014 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-014-0374-4 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=74147
in Annals of Forest Science > vol 71 n° 7 (October 2014) . - pp 771 - 780[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 016-2014071 SL Revue Centre de documentation Revues en salle Disponible Quantification et cartographie de la structure forestière à partir de la texture des images Pléiades / Benoit Beguet in Revue Française de Photogrammétrie et de Télédétection, n° 208 (Octobre 2014)PermalinkEstimation of the timber quality of scots pine with terrestrial laser scanning / Ville Kankare in Forests, vol 5 n° 8 (August 2014)PermalinkImproved capability in stone pine forest mapping and management in Lebanon using hyperspectral CHTIS-Proba data relative to Landsat ETM+ / Mohamad Awad in Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, PERS, vol 80 n° 8 (August 2014)PermalinkLe massif forestier des Landes de Gascogne, un patrimoine naturel ? Le regard des gestionnaires / Aude Pottier in Annales de géographie, n° 698 (juillet - août 2014)PermalinkThinning has a positive effect on growth dynamics and growth-climate relationships in Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) tree of different crown classes / Jorge Olivar in Annals of Forest Science, vol 71 n° 3 (April - May 2014)PermalinkAutomated stem curve measurement using terrestrial laser scanning / Xinlian Liang in IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, vol 52 n° 3 (March 2014)PermalinkAirborne LiDAR and terrestrial laser scanning derived vegetation obstruction factors for visibility models / Jayson Murgoitio in Transactions in GIS, vol 18 n° 1 (February 2014)PermalinkBasal area and biomass estimates of loblolly pine stands using L-band UAVSAR / William L. Marks in Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, PERS, vol 80 n° 1 (January 2014)PermalinkCaractérisation et cartographie de la structure forestière à partir d'images satellitaires à très haute résolution spatiale / Benoit Beguet (2014)PermalinkPermalink