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Termes IGN > cartographie > rédaction cartographique > sémiologie graphique > symbole graphique > figuré du terrain
figuré du terrainSynonyme(s)figuré du reliefVoir aussi |
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Perceptually shaded slope maps for the visualization of digital surface models / Thomas J. Pingel in Cartographica, vol 49 n° 4 (Winter 2014)
[article]
Titre : Perceptually shaded slope maps for the visualization of digital surface models Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Thomas J. Pingel, Auteur ; Keith C. Clarke, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : pp 225 - 240 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications photogrammétriques
[Termes IGN] analyse visuelle
[Termes IGN] données lidar
[Termes IGN] données localisées 3D
[Termes IGN] estompage automatique
[Termes IGN] lisibilité perceptive
[Termes IGN] modèle numérique de surface
[Termes IGN] ombre
[Termes IGN] relief
[Termes IGN] représentation du relief
[Termes IGN] visualisation de donnéesRésumé : (Auteur) Although shaded relief, or hillshaded, images are a widely used method to represent high-resolution (~1-m) digital surfaces derived from airborne laser (or LiDAR) scans, such displays may become difficult to interpret when they include surface features like buildings, roadways, and natural vegetation. One possible alternative as a visualization of such surface models is a representation based on slope shading – the steeper, the darker – but attenuated to the perceptual bias of overestimation of slope. The empirical work presented here demonstrates that Perceptually Shaded Slope Maps (PSSMs) perform as well or better than either hillshaded or hypsometric images on map-reading tasks, including profile estimation and mental rotation. Numéro de notice : A2014-650 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article DOI : 10.3138/carto.49.4.2141 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/carto.49.4.2141 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=75098
in Cartographica > vol 49 n° 4 (Winter 2014) . - pp 225 - 240[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 031-2014041 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible Changing the light azimuth in shaded relief representation by clustering aspect / Fabio Veronesi in Cartographic journal (the), vol 51 n° 4 (November 2014)
[article]
Titre : Changing the light azimuth in shaded relief representation by clustering aspect Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Fabio Veronesi, Auteur ; Lorenz Hurni, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : pp 291 - 300 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Rédaction cartographique
[Termes IGN] ArcGIS
[Termes IGN] estompage automatique
[Termes IGN] ombre
[Termes IGN] représentation du relief
[Termes IGN] segmentation d'image
[Termes IGN] système d'information géographiqueRésumé : (Auteur) Manual shading, traditionally produced manually by specifically trained cartographers, is still considered superior to automatic methods, particularly for mountainous landscapes. However, manual shading is time-consuming and its results depend on the cartographer and as such difficult to replicate consistently. For this reason there is a need to create an automatic method to standardize its results. A crucial aspect of manual shading is the continuous change of light direction (azimuth) and angle (zenith) in order to better highlight discrete landforms. Automatic hillshading algorithms, widely available in many geographic information systems (GIS) applications, do not provide this feature. This may cause the resulting shaded relief to appear flat in some areas, particularly in areas where the light source is parallel to the mountain ridge. In this work we present a GIS tool to enhance the visual quality of hillshading. We developed a technique based on clustering aspect to provide a seamless change of lighting throughout the scene. We also provide tools to change the light zenith according to either elevation or slope. This way the cartographer has more room for customizing the shaded relief representation. Moreover, the method is completely automatic and this guarantees consistent and reproducible results. This method has been embedded into an ArcGIS toolbox. Numéro de notice : A2014-641 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1179/1743277414Y.0000000100 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1179/1743277414Y.0000000100 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=75086
in Cartographic journal (the) > vol 51 n° 4 (November 2014) . - pp 291 - 300[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 030-2014041 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible Design principles for Swiss-style rock drawing / Bernhard Jenny in Cartographic journal (the), vol 51 n° 4 (November 2014)
[article]
Titre : Design principles for Swiss-style rock drawing Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Bernhard Jenny, Auteur ; Jürg Gilgen, Auteur ; Roman Geisthövel, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : pp 360-371 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Rédaction cartographique
[Termes IGN] dessin assisté par ordinateur
[Termes IGN] dessin automatique
[Termes IGN] dessin cartographique
[Termes IGN] hachure
[Termes IGN] rocher
[Termes IGN] spécification
[Termes IGN] style cartographique
[Termes IGN] SwisstopoRésumé : (Auteur) Swiss-style rock drawing uses shaded hachures to show the characteristic forms and the third dimension of rocks and cliffs. Rock faces, trenches, gullies, faults and other rock features relevant for orientation and navigation in mountainous areas are shown as seen from the ground instead of from an orthogonal perspective. The density and dimensions of hachures change with the exposure to a source of illumination to generate a shading effect that highlights the terrain’s three-dimensionality. The generation of rock drawings in Swiss style is time-intensive and requires an eye for the artistic rendering of the terrain’s third dimension as well as an understanding of different rock types and their morphology. Design principles have not yet been documented in a detailed and comprehensive manner and only rudimentary algorithms exist for the digital generation of simplified representations. This paper discusses the defining characteristics and specific design principles of Swiss-style rock drawing based on figures and unpublished documentation from the Swiss Federal Office of Topography swisstopo. We identify three main types of hachure-based rock drawing and discuss graphical elements for the most common type. We also discuss the combination of rock drawings with contour lines, their generalisation and the drawing process. Numéro de notice : A2014-645 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1179/1743277413Y.0000000052 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1179/1743277413Y.0000000052 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=75091
in Cartographic journal (the) > vol 51 n° 4 (November 2014) . - pp 360-371[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 030-2014041 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible Effects of cartographic elevation visualizations and map-reading tasks on eye movements / Katja Putto in Cartographic journal (the), vol 51 n° 3 (August 2014)
[article]
Titre : Effects of cartographic elevation visualizations and map-reading tasks on eye movements Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Katja Putto, Auteur ; Pyry Kettunen, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : pp. 225–236 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Rédaction cartographique
[Termes IGN] estompage
[Termes IGN] étude d'impact
[Termes IGN] lecture de carte
[Termes IGN] représentation cartographique
[Termes IGN] représentation du reliefRésumé : (Auteur) Users prefer more realistic visualizations, even though they may be less efficient or even detrimental for a given task. In some previous studies, the evidence has shown that relief shading facilitates the landform interpretation while other studies have provided contrary results. In the present study, the effect of three different visualizations of elevation information on eye movements and performance was investigated in visual search, area selection, and route planning tasks. The results showed that the visualization of relief information affected the performance and eye movements in the visual search task. Overall, the eye movements differed between the search and area selection tasks, as well as between the search and route planning tasks. The result showed that the relief shading did not slow down the performance, either in terms of response time or eye movement measures. Numéro de notice : A2014-450 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1179/1743277414Y.0000000087 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1179/1743277414Y.0000000087 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=74005
in Cartographic journal (the) > vol 51 n° 3 (August 2014) . - pp. 225–236[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 030-2014031 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible Landscape preference and map readability in design evaluation of topographic maps with an orthoimage background / Paulo Raposo in Cartographic journal (the), vol 51 n° 1 (February 2014)
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Titre : Landscape preference and map readability in design evaluation of topographic maps with an orthoimage background Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Paulo Raposo, Auteur ; Cynthia A. Brewer, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : pp 25 - 37 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Cartographie
[Termes IGN] carte topographique
[Termes IGN] conception cartographique
[Termes IGN] estompage
[Termes IGN] lisibilité perceptive
[Termes IGN] orthoimage
[Termes IGN] réalité augmentéeRésumé : (Auteur) Orthoimagery and shaded relief are ways of introducing realism to maps, but each method presents design challenges in achieving consistently readable combinations with overlaid vector symbols and labels. Two studies were conducted to compare the readability of the current United States Geological Survey (USGS) ‘US Topo’ map series with two original designs incorporating orthoimagery and shaded relief. The studies examined reader design ratings after completing tasks that required analytical use of maps with varied map designs, using maps of diverse locations in the USA. The studies indicated that readability varied with map location to a greater degree than with map design, though design influence on ratings was detected in interaction with location. This variation with landscape is discussed from the perspective of recent theory in landscape aesthetics and preferences. Also, it was statistically demonstrated that either of the two new designs had improved readability over the existing US Topo. These studies reveal that user evaluations of maps are dependent on landscape preferences as well as on design, and demonstrate the importance of national topographic map design evaluation across a wide sample of national landscapes. Numéro de notice : A2014-127 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1179/1743277412Y.0000000027 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1179/1743277412Y.0000000027 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=33032
in Cartographic journal (the) > vol 51 n° 1 (February 2014) . - pp 25 - 37[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 030-2014011 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible Morphometric mapping of topography by flowline hachures / Timofey Samsonov in Cartographic journal (the), vol 51 n° 1 (February 2014)PermalinkVisual abstraction and stylisation of maps / Tobias Isenberg in Cartographic journal (the), vol 50 n° 1 (February 2013)PermalinkPermalinkMultidirectional visibility index for analytical shading enhancement / T. Podobnikar in Cartographic journal (the), vol 49 n° 3 (August 2012)PermalinkConception d'un MNT parisien à partir de points de nivellement / N. Cadoux in Géomatique expert, n° 81 (01/07/2011)PermalinkScree representation on topographic maps / Bernhard Jenny in Cartographic journal (the), vol 47 n° 2 (May 2010)PermalinkAutomated reduction of visual complexity in small-scale relief shading / A. Leonowicz in Cartographica, vol 45 n° 1 (March 2010)PermalinkSwiss-style colour relief shading modulated by elevation and by exposure to illumination / Bernhard Jenny in Cartographic journal (the), vol 43 n° 3 (December 2006)PermalinkA uniform sky illumination model to enhance shading of terrain and urban areas / Patrick Kennelly in Cartography and Geographic Information Science, vol 33 n° 1 (January 2006)PermalinkStage au projet Nouvelle carte de base / Xavier Halbecq (2005)Permalink