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An extended inter-system biases model for multi-GNSS precise point positioning / Xuexi Liu in Measurement, vol 206 (January 2023)  

Public [article]  inMeasurement > vol 206 (January 2023) . - n° 112306 Titre : An extended inter-system biases model for multi-GNSS precise point positioning Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Xuexi Liu, Auteur ; Weiping Jiang, Auteur ; Pan Li, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2023 Article en page(s) : n° 112306 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Navigation et positionnement [Termes IGN] distorsion du signal [Termes IGN] échelle de temps [Termes IGN] erreur systématique inter-systèmes [Termes IGN] modèle mathématique [Termes IGN] positionnement par BeiDou [Termes IGN] positionnement par GNSS [Termes IGN] positionnement ponctuel précis [Termes IGN] précision du positionnement Résumé : (auteur) The inter-system bias (ISB) is an important parameter in multi-GNSS precise point positioning (PPP). However, on the one hand, the generation mechanism and error components of ISB are not clear. On the other hand, it is unclear whether the ISB parameter should be added to the BDS-2/BDS-3 combined PPP. First, in order to solve these problems, an extended ISB mathematical model is proposed, which unifies the common errors between receiver and satellite, and extends the original ISB model. Second, to demonstrate the correctness of the new model, the components of the new ISB model are verified, and then it is used to explain whether the ISB parameter should be added to BDS-2/BDS-3 combined PPP. Furthermore, 41 stations from the MGEX network and precise products from COD (Center for Orbit Determination in Europe), GBM (Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum) and WUM (Wuhan University) are used to calculate and analyze the multi-GNSS PPP and ISB during day of year (DOY) 307–365, 2020. Finally, we propose to use a different estimation method of ISB with different precise products to improve the positioning accuracy and shorten the convergence time. The experimental results show that: (1) ISB parameter is composed of five parts: time system error, receiver hardware delay, signal distortion biases (SDB), MGEX-realized (multi-GNSS experiment) time scale and other unmodeled deviations. (2) Due to different receiver hardware delay, SDB and MGEX-realized time scale between BDS-2 and BDS-3, it is necessary to add an ISB parameter in BDS-2/BDS-3 PPP. (3) In multi-GNSS PPP, if the ISB changes greatly but the traditional constant method is used to estimate the ISB parameter, the impact on single station PPP coordinates can reach decimeters. The statistical results demonstrate that the RMS of GBM(CON(Constant)) in East (E), North (N) and Up (U) directions are 2.34 cm, 0.60 cm, and 1.59 cm, respectively, while the RMS of GBM(RWK(Random walk)) decreased by 59.8 %, 13.3 %, and 18.2 %, respectively. Numéro de notice : A2023-028 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.measurement.2022.112306 Date de publication en ligne : 06/12/2022 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2022.112306 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=102269 [article]

Signal Processing for GNSS Reflectometry / Corentin Lubeigt (2023)    

Public Titre : Signal Processing for GNSS Reflectometry Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Corentin Lubeigt, Auteur ; Eric Chaumette, Directeur de thèse ; Jordi Vilà-Valls, Directeur de thèse Editeur : Toulouse : Institut Supérieur de l’Aéronautique et de l’Espace Année de publication : 2023 Importance : 217 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Note générale : Bibliographie Thèse pour obtenir le grade de Docteur de l'Université de Toulouse, Spécialité Informatique et Télécommunications Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement du signal [Termes IGN] convolution (signal) [Termes IGN] distorsion du signal [Termes IGN] réflectométrie par GNSS [Termes IGN] réflexion (rayonnement) [Termes IGN] théorie de l'estimation Index. décimale : THESE Thèses et HDR Résumé : (Auteur) Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) Reflectometry, or GNSS-R, is the study of GNSS signals reflected from the Earth’s surface. These so-called signals of opportunity, usually seen as a nuisance in standard navigation applications, contain meaningful information on the nature and relative position of the reflecting surface. Depending on the receiver platform (e.g., ground-based, airplane, satellite) and the reflecting surface itself (e.g., rough sea, lake), the reflected signal, more or less distorted, is difficult to model, and the corresponding methods to estimate the signal parameters of interest may vary. This thesis starts from the navigation multipath problem in harsh environments, which can be seen as a dual source estimation problem where the main source is the signal of interest, and the secondary one is a single reflection of the main source. Depending on the scenario and the resources at hand, it is possible i) to estimate the parameters of interest (i.e., time-delay, Doppler frequency, amplitude and phase) of both sources, or ii) to estimate only one source’s parameters, although these estimates may be biased because of the interfering source. Either way, it is necessary to know the achievable performance for these estimation problems. For this purpose, tools from the estimation theory, such as the Cramér-Rao bound (CRB), can be used. In this thesis a CRB expression was derived for the properly specified case (dual source), and the misspecified one (single source). These bounds were compared to the performance obtained with different estimators, in order to theoretically characterize the problem at hand. This study allowed to establish a clear mathematical framework that also fits the ground-based GNSS-R problem, for which the reflected signal is little distorted by the reflecting surface. In this case, the direct and reflected signals are close in time, which inevitably leads to interference, or crosstalk, and then to a clear performance degradation. Standard GNSS-R techniques, which do not perform well in this ground-based scenario, were compared to the CRB and two proposed approaches: i) a Taylor approximation of the dual source likelihood criterion when both sources are very close in time, and ii) a dual source estimation strategy to reduce or cancel the crosstalk. This part on ground-based GNSS-R was supported by a real data set, obtained from a data collection campaign organized by CNES (Toulouse, France). The problem changes slowly when the satellite elevation increases: the reflection, assumed coherent so far, turns non-coherent because of the reflecting surface roughness. The automatic detection of this transition (i.e., from coherent to non-coherent) is of great interest for future satellite missions. Reflection coherence is mainly observed by looking at the relative phase between the reflected and direct signals. Consequently, a statistical study of phase difference time series allowed to build tests that depend on the time series Gaussianity or regularity. The proposed tests were applied to a data set provided by the IEEC (Barcelona, Spain). Finally, for scenarios where the reflecting surface distorts the signal significantly, it is necessary to adapt the signal model. The approach proposed in this thesis is to consider the received signal as a convolution between the transmitted signal and the reflecting surface impulse response. This signal model goes with the derivation of the corresponding CRB and the implementation of the maximum likelihood estimator. The question of the impulse response size determination, that is, the determination of the number of pulses required to describe the impulse response, was also tackled based on hypothesis tests. Simulation results show the potential of this approach. Note de contenu : Introduction 1. Concepts and Tools: From Estimation Theory to GNSS-R 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Background on Deterministic Estimation Theory 1.3 Global Navigation Satellite Systems 1.4 The Multipath Problem 1.5 GNSS Reflectometry 1.6 Conclusion 2. Multipath Effect and Its Impact on Positioning Performance 2.1 Introduction 2.2 MPEE for Different Multipath Mitigation Techniques 2.3 Joint Delay-Doppler Estimation Performance in a Dual Source Context 2.4 A Metric for Multipath-Robust Signal Design and Analysis 2.5 Misspecified Cramér-Rao Bounds in Multipath Scenarios 2.6 Conclusion 3. Ground-Based GNSS-R 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Gruissan Data Campaign 3.3 Crosstalk Characterization 3.4 Approximate Maximum Likelihood for Narrowband GNSS Signals 3.5 Performance on Simulated Data 3.6 Altimetry Using Wideband GNSS Signals 3.7 Conclusion 4. Towards Diffuse Scattering 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Coherence Analysis 4.3 Impulse Response Estimation 4.4 Impulse Response Size Determination: A Detection Problem 4.5 Conclusion Conclusion and Perspectives Numéro de notice : 26963 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Thèse française Note de thèse : Thèse de Doctorat : Informatique et Télécommunications : Toulouse : 2023 nature-HAL : Thèse DOI : sans Date de publication en ligne : 27/02/2023 En ligne : https://hal.science/tel-04006612v1/document Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=102915

Complete and accurate data correction for seamless mosaicking of airborne hyperspectral images: A case study at a mining site in Inner Mongolia, China / Kun Tan in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 165 (July 2020)  

Public [article]  inISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing > vol 165 (July 2020) . - pp 1 - 15 Titre : Complete and accurate data correction for seamless mosaicking of airborne hyperspectral images: A case study at a mining site in Inner Mongolia, China Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Kun Tan, Auteur ; Chao Niu, Auteur ; Xiuping Jia, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : pp 1 - 15 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de télédétection [Termes IGN] atténuation [Termes IGN] correction atmosphérique [Termes IGN] distorsion du signal [Termes IGN] distribution du coefficient de réflexion bidirectionnelle BRDF [Termes IGN] image hyperspectrale [Termes IGN] mine [Termes IGN] Mongolie intérieure (Chine) [Termes IGN] mosaïquage d'images [Termes IGN] radiance [Termes IGN] rayonnement infrarouge [Termes IGN] réflectance de surface [Termes IGN] Short Waves InfraRed [Termes IGN] spectroradiométrie [Termes IGN] surveillance écologique Résumé : (auteur) Airborne hyperspectral remote sensing is an important application in the ecological monitoring of the environment in mining areas, and accurate preprocessing of the original images is the key to quantitative information retrieval. The original image data need radiation correction to acquire surface reflectance data. Due to the impact of the field angle, incidental radiance, and the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF), there can be a brightness gradient between adjacent strips, which leads to radiance difference and obvious chromatic aberration of the mosaicked images. We propose a novel data correction method for seamless mosaicking of airborne hyperspectral images. Firstly, visible and near-infrared (VNIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) sensors are calibrated in the laboratory, and the radiation calibration model of the sensor is established by an integrating-sphere system. A correction function is then established by combining the BRDF effect and the radiation attenuation coefficients. We also normalize the exposure time, sun altitude angle, and sensor altitude angle according to the flight strip. The results showed that this method is able to eliminate the signal distortion, allowing the seamless mosaicking of 37 strip images which were taken in different date and conditions in the study area. After the atmospheric correction of the imagery was completed, the accuracy of the preprocessing results was evaluated by field-measured ASD spectroradiometer data. The coefficient of determination R2 of the results for the reflectance was greater than 0.9. The experiments show that the proposed method has a good performance in radiation accuracy, and can provide high-quality hyperspectral data for the follow-up application of the ecological monitoring of a mining area. Numéro de notice : A2020-465 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2020.04.022 Date de publication en ligne : 16/05/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2020.04.022 Format de la ressource électronique : url article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=95092 [article]

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FFT swept filtering: a bias-free method for processing fringe signals in absolute gravimeters / Petr Křen in Journal of geodesy, vol 93 n° 2 (February 2019)  

Public [article]  inJournal of geodesy > vol 93 n° 2 (February 2019) . - pp 219 - 227 Titre : FFT swept filtering: a bias-free method for processing fringe signals in absolute gravimeters Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Petr Křen, Auteur ; Vojtech Pálinkáš, Auteur ; Pavel Mašika, Auteur ; Miloš Val’ko, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : pp 219 - 227 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie physique [Termes IGN] distorsion du signal [Termes IGN] erreur systématique [Termes IGN] filtre passe-bande [Termes IGN] gravimètre absolu [Termes IGN] pesanteur terrestre [Termes IGN] régression linéaire [Termes IGN] transformation rapide de Fourier Résumé : (auteur) Absolute gravimeters, based on laser interferometry, are widely used for many applications in geoscience and metrology. Although currently the most accurate FG5 and FG5X gravimeters declare standard uncertainties at the level of 2−3μGal, their inherent systematic errors affect the gravity reference determined by international key comparisons based predominately on the use of FG5-type instruments. The measurement results for FG5-215 and FG5X-251 clearly showed that the measured g-values depend on the size of the fringe signal and that this effect might be approximated by a linear regression with a slope of up to 0.030μGal/mV. However, these empirical results do not enable one to identify the source of the effect or to determine a reasonable reference fringe level for correcting g-values in an absolute sense. Therefore, both gravimeters were equipped with new measuring systems (according to Křen et al. in Metrologia 53:27–40, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/53/1/27 applied for FG5), running in parallel with the original systems. The new systems use an analogue-to-digital converter HS5 to digitize the fringe signal and a new method of fringe signal analysis based on FFT swept bandpass filtering. We demonstrate that the source of the fringe size effect is connected to a distortion of the fringe signal due to the electronic components used in the FG5(X) gravimeters. To obtain a bias-free g-value, the FFT swept method should be applied for the determination of zero-crossings. A comparison of g-values obtained from the new and the original systems clearly shows that the original system might be biased by approximately 3−5μGal due to improperly distorted fringe signal processing. Numéro de notice : A2019-079 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s00190-018-1154-y Date de publication en ligne : 19/05/2018 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-018-1154-y Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=92197 [article]

Modeling canopy reflectance over sloping terrain based on path length correction / Gaofei Yin in IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, vol 55 n° 8 (August 2017)  

Public [article]  inIEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing > vol 55 n° 8 (August 2017) . - pp 4597 - 4609 Titre : Modeling canopy reflectance over sloping terrain based on path length correction Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Gaofei Yin, Auteur ; Ainong Li, Auteur ; Wei Zhao, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : pp 4597 - 4609 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de télédétection [Termes IGN] distorsion du signal [Termes IGN] figuré du terrain [Termes IGN] méthode de Monte-Carlo [Termes IGN] modèle de simulation [Termes IGN] modèle numérique de surface de la canopée [Termes IGN] montagne [Termes IGN] pente [Termes IGN] réflectance végétale Résumé : (Auteur) Sloping terrain induces distortion of canopy reflectance (CR), and the retrieval of biophysical variables from remote sensing data needs to account for topographic effects. We developed a 1-D model (the path length correction (PLC) based model) for simulating CR over sloping terrain. The effects of sloping terrain on single-order and diffuse scatterings are accounted for by PLC and modification of the fraction of incoming diffuse irradiance, respectively. The PLC model was validated via both Monte Carlo and remote sensing image simulations. The comparison with the Monte Carlo simulation revealed that the PLC model can capture the pattern of slope-induced reflectance distortion with high accuracy (red band: R2 = 0.88; root-mean-square error (RMSE) = 0.0045; relative RMSE (RRMSE) = 15%; near infrared response (NIR) band: R2 = 0.79; RMSE = 0.041; RRMSE = 16%). The comparison of the PLC-simulated results with remote sensing observations acquired by the Landsat8-OLI sensor revealed an accuracy similar to that with the Monte Carlo simulation (red band: R2 = 0.83; RMSE = 0.0053; RRMSE = 13%; NIR band: R2 = 0.77; RMSE = 0.023; RRMSE = 8%). To further validate the PLC model, we used it to implement topographic normalization; the results showed a large reduction in topographic effects after normalization, which implied that the PLC model captures reflectance variations caused by terrain. The PLC model provides a promising tool to improve the simulation of CR and the retrieval of biophysical variables over mountainous regions. Numéro de notice : A2017-500 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1109/TGRS.2017.2694483 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2017.2694483 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=86442 [article]

Investigations on the influence of antenna near-field effects and satellite obstruction on the uncertainty of GNSS-based distance measurements / Florian Zimmermann in Journal of applied geodesy, vol 10 n° 1 (March 2016)  

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Antenna pilots UAV / Adrien Perkins in GPS world, vol 27 n° 2 (February 2016)

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Ionospheric scintillations: How irregularities in electron density perturb satellite navigation systems / Satellite-based augmentation system ionospheric working group in GPS world, vol 23 n° 4 (April 2012)

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Aviation grade : New GPS signals, chips off the block IIF / R.E. Phelts in Inside GNSS, vol 5 n° 5 (July - August 2010) 

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