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Cartographie de la vulnérabilité des bâtiments au risque sismique / Valerio Baiocchi in Géomatique expert, n° 119 (novembre - décembre 2017)
[article]
Titre : Cartographie de la vulnérabilité des bâtiments au risque sismique Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Valerio Baiocchi, Auteur ; Donatella Dominici., Auteur ; Massimo Guarascio, Auteur ; Mara Lombardi, Auteur ; F. Vatore, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : pp 31 - 35 Langues : Français (fre) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Cartographie thématique
[Termes IGN] Abruzzes
[Termes IGN] analyse multiéchelle
[Termes IGN] classification
[Termes IGN] construction
[Termes IGN] données de terrain
[Termes IGN] données ouvertes
[Termes IGN] image aérienne
[Termes IGN] risque naturel
[Termes IGN] séisme
[Termes IGN] vulnérabilitéRésumé : [Introduction] Dans cet article, nous allons montrer comment l'utilisation de logiciels Open Source et de bases de données Open Data permet d'estimer le risque sismique auquel chaque bâtiment situé dans une zone à risque est exposé. Remarquons, en premier lieu, qu'une série de réglementations nationales ont rendu les normes de construction des bâtiments en brique et béton de plus en plus strictes. Il serait donc intéressant d'essayer de corréler la mise en oeuvre de ces normes et les dommages subis en situation de séisme. [...] Numéro de notice : A2017-772 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : sans Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=88826
in Géomatique expert > n° 119 (novembre - décembre 2017) . - pp 31 - 35[article]Exemplaires(2)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 265-2017061 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible IFN-001-P002007 PER Revue Nogent-sur-Vernisson Salle périodiques Exclu du prêt A spatial dataset of forest mensuration collected in black pine plantations in central Italy / Paolo Cantiani in Annals of Forest Science, vol 74 n° 3 (September 2017)
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Titre : A spatial dataset of forest mensuration collected in black pine plantations in central Italy Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Paolo Cantiani, Auteur ; Maurizio Marchi, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] arbre (flore)
[Termes IGN] base de données localisées
[Termes IGN] bois mort
[Termes IGN] données de terrain
[Termes IGN] données dendrométriques
[Termes IGN] éclaircie (sylviculture)
[Termes IGN] géoréférencement
[Termes IGN] houppier
[Termes IGN] inventaire forestier étranger (données)
[Termes IGN] peuplement forestier
[Termes IGN] Pinus nigra
[Termes IGN] placette d'échantillonnage
[Termes IGN] sol
[Termes IGN] Toscane (Italie)
[Vedettes matières IGN] Inventaire forestierRésumé : (Auteur) Key message : The dataset provides an exhaustive tree inventory with forest mensuration and spatial location carried out in 54 plots sampled in 45- to 55-year-old black pine plantations, located in two areas of Tuscany (central Italy). Forest mensuration includes horizontal and vertical structure measurements and a total of 4171 trees were geo-referenced. The most abundant species was the black pine, Pinus nigra spp. laricio, for which a total of 3631 trees were observed. The dataset was collected as part of the SelPiBio LIFE project (LIFE13 BIO/IT/000282). Dataset access athttp://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.438681. Associated metadata available athttps://metadata-afs.nancy.inra.fr/geonetwork/apps/georchestra/?uuid=73591027-0f1e-40a3-95d0-b614517c1290&hl=eng.
Context : The main aim of the SelPiBio LIFE project (www.selpibio.eu) is to demonstrate the effects of two thinning regimes, selective and from below, on soil biodiversity in young black pine stands. The spatial structure of forests and the relationships between trees are a good proxy of overall biodiversity level. Spatial datasets with geo referenced trees and related mensurational data represent the highest level of information for forest inventories and research activities.
Aims : This dataset has been developed during the A2 Action (Assessment of structural and mensurational parameters of the forest stands and the dead wood) of the project, to record the main mensurational parameters of the studied black pine stands. A tree-level database was compiled to describe the vertical and horizontal structure of 54 monitoring plots before the application of the silvicultural treatment.
Methods : In addition to classical in-field measurements (e.g. diameters at breast height, total height of the tree, crown depth etc.), all trees were georeferenced by means of polar coordinates collected from the centre of each monitoring plot, including crown projection on the ground, described with eight points. Then, a polynomial spline function was fitted across the recorded data to obtain a convex polygon and to calculate crown area and crown perimeter of each measured tree in GIS environment.
Results : A polygonal ESRI shapefile in ETRS89/UTM32N reference system (EPSG: 25832) with 4171 records representing the crown projections on the ground of each measured tree with all the mensurational parameters included into the attribute table. The database is freely available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4. 182 0 License.
Conclusion : With this database, a wide range of forestry-related indices could be easily calculated, including geostatistical analysis and autocorrelation functions, to compare Italian artificial black pine stands with other studied forests.Numéro de notice : A2017-355 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET/GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1007/s13595-017-0648-8 Date de publication en ligne : 26/06/2017 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-017-0648-8 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=85722
in Annals of Forest Science > vol 74 n° 3 (September 2017)[article]Spatiotemporal analyses of urban vegetation structural attributes using multitemporal Landsat TM data and field measurements / Zhibin Ren in Annals of Forest Science, vol 74 n° 3 (September 2017)
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Titre : Spatiotemporal analyses of urban vegetation structural attributes using multitemporal Landsat TM data and field measurements Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Zhibin Ren, Auteur ; Ruiliang Pu, Auteur ; Haifeng Zheng, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de télédétection
[Termes IGN] analyse spatio-temporelle
[Termes IGN] analyse structurale
[Termes IGN] attribut
[Termes IGN] données de terrain
[Termes IGN] données dendrométriques
[Termes IGN] écosystème urbain
[Termes IGN] flore urbaine
[Termes IGN] image Landsat-TM
[Termes IGN] indice foliaire
[Termes IGN] surveillance de la végétationRésumé : (Auteur)
Key message : We conducted spatiotemporal analyses of urban vegetation structural attributes using multitemporal Landsat TM data and field measurements. We showed that multitemporal TM data has the potential of rapidly estimating urban vegetation structural attributes including LAI, CC, and BA at an urban landscape level.
Context : Urban vegetation structural properties/attributes are closely linked to their ecological functions and thus directly affect urban ecosystem process such as energy, water, and gas exchange. Understanding spatiotemporal dynamics of urban vegetation structures is important for sustaining urban ecosystem service and improving the urban environment.
Aims : The purposes of this study were to evaluate the potential of estimating urban vegetation structural attributes from multitemporal Landsat TM imagery and to analyze spatiotemporal changes of the urban structural attributes.
Methods : We first collected three scenes of TM images acquired in 1997, 2004, and 2010 and conducted a field survey to collect urban vegetation structural data (including crown closure (CC), tree height (H), leaf area index (LAI), basal area (BA), stem density (SD), diameter at breast height (DBH), etc.). We then calculated and normalized NDVI maps from the multitemporal TM images. Finally, spatiotemporal urban vegetation structural maps were created using NDVI-based urban vegetation structure predictive models.
Results : The results show that NDVI can be used as a predictor for some selected urban vegetation structural attributes (i.e., CC, LAI, and BA), but not for the other attributes (i.e., H, SD, and DBH) that are well predicted by NDVI in natural vegetation. The results also indicate that urban vegetation structural attributes (i.e., CC, LAI, and BA) in the study area decreased sharply from 1997 to 2004 but increased slightly from 2004 to 2010. The CC, LAI, and BA class distributions were all skewed toward low values in 1997 and 2004. Moreover, LAI, CC, and BA of urban vegetation all present a decreasing trend from suburban areas to urban central areas.
Conclusion : The experimental results demonstrate that Landsat TM imagery could provide a fast and cost-effective method to obtain a spatiotemporal 30-m resolution urban vegetation structural dataset (including CC, LAI, and BA).Numéro de notice : A2017-353 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET/GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1007/s13595-017-0654-x Date de publication en ligne : 05/07/2017 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-017-0654-x Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=85719
in Annals of Forest Science > vol 74 n° 3 (September 2017)[article]Assessment of the impacts of climate change on Mediterranean terrestrial ecosystems based on data from field experiments and long-term monitored field gradients in Catalonia / Josep Peñuelas in Environmental and Experimental Botany, vol (May 2017)
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Titre : Assessment of the impacts of climate change on Mediterranean terrestrial ecosystems based on data from field experiments and long-term monitored field gradients in Catalonia Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Josep Peñuelas, Auteur ; Jordi Sardans, Auteur ; Iolanda Filella, Auteur ; Marc Estiarte, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] Catalogne (Espagne)
[Termes IGN] changement climatique
[Termes IGN] climat méditerranéen
[Termes IGN] données de terrain
[Termes IGN] écosystème forestier
[Termes IGN] érosion hydrique
[Termes IGN] forêt méditerranéenne
[Termes IGN] nutriment végétal
[Termes IGN] sécheresse
[Termes IGN] sous-bois
[Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatiqueRésumé : (auteur) Climate change is increasing temperatures globally and drought in many regions. If climate change continues at its current rate, the resilience of many ecosystems will likely be exceeded, altering their structure and function. A consistent understanding of the impacts, however, remains elusive due to the difficulty of obtaining data of field studies at different scales from local to regional. We review the impacts of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems of the Mediterranean region based mostly on long-term field experiments of climatic manipulation and monitored field sites in Catalonia (NE Spain). These studies provide diverse experimental and observational field evidences that rising temperatures, new patterns of precipitation and other climatic changes are already affecting ecosystems in this Mediterranean region. Rapid genetic, epigenetic and metabolomics changes in plants have been described. They have resulted in changes in morphology, physiology, growth, reproduction, and mortality. Some species are more vulnerable to these changes than others are, which has altered their competitive ability and thereby changed microbial, plant and animal community composition. Many other impacts have been observed in response to climate change, for example an increase in the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds or an increased risk of fire and a decrease in the absorption of CO2 in periods of drought. A reduction of the capacity to retain nutrients and C in vegetation is accompanied, in the short term, by an increase in soil C and nutrient contents due to a decrease in the enzymatic capacity and mineralization of soil. The projected increase of torrential rainfalls introduces a scenario of uncertain changes in nutrient cycles, soil fertility and nutrient fluxes at medium and long terms. All these changes in water and nutrient availability suggest, though, net losses in the capacity of Mediterranean forests and shrublands to act as C sinks. Future research should quantify C in above- and belowground biomasses and soils under drought and warming, because this necessary information is lacking. Future studies should also investigate the losses of soil nutrients by leaching and erosion, and the possible feedbacks of land cover changes on water availability and regional climate. Policies of environmental and forestry management should take into account these impacts of the environmental and climatic conditions projected for the coming years and decades. Numéro de notice : A2017-232 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2017.05.012 Date de publication en ligne : 05/06/2018 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2017.05.012 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=85150
in Environmental and Experimental Botany > vol (May 2017)[article]
Titre : Visual analytics of human mobility behavior Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Robert Lutz Krüger, Auteur ; Thomas Ertl, Directeur de thèse ; Ross Maciejewski, Directeur de thèse Editeur : Stuttgart : University of Stuttgart Année de publication : 2017 Importance : 212 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Note générale : Bibliographie
Von der Fakultät Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik der Universität Stuttgart zur Erlangung der Würde eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.), genehmigte AbhandlungLangues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] acquisition de données
[Termes IGN] analyse visuelle
[Termes IGN] base de données localisées
[Termes IGN] comportement
[Termes IGN] données de terrain
[Termes IGN] données socio-économiques
[Termes IGN] enrichissement sémantique
[Termes IGN] exploration de données géographiques
[Termes IGN] mobilité humaine
[Termes IGN] modélisation
[Termes IGN] trajet (mobilité)
[Vedettes matières IGN] GéovisualisationRésumé : (auteur) Human mobility plays an important role in many domains of today’s society, such as security, logistics, transportation, urban planning, and geo-marketing. Both, government and industry thus have great interest in understanding mobility patterns and their driving social, economical, and environmental causes and effects. While
stakeholders had to rely on manual traffic surveys for a long time, improvements in tracking technology made analyses based on large digital datasets possible. Recently, the omnipresence of mobile devices significantly increased the amounts of collected movement and context data. People are willing to reveal their position, but also further personal details such as visited places, observations, events, news, and sentiments in exchange for personalized services and social networking. This opens up new possibilities for many domains where a semantic mobility understanding is required but also raises major challenges. To reveal a holistic picture, heterogeneous datasets of different services with different resolution and format have to be fused and analyzed. However, social sensing data is vast, has varying scale, is unevenly distributed, and constantly updated. Especially content from social media services is often inconsistent, unreliable, and incomplete, which requires special treatment. Fully automatic mapping approaches are not trustworthy as they do not take into account these uncertainties. At the same time, manual approaches become insufficient with large amounts of data. Even when data is perfectly aligned, analysts cannot purely rely on existing techniques. Answering questions about reasons for movement requires a broader perspective that takes into account environmental and social context, the driving forces for human mobility behavior. Visual analytics is an emerging research field to tackle such challenges. It creates added value by combining the processing power and accuracy of machines with human capabilities to perceive information visually. Automatic means are used to fuse and aggregate data and to detect hidden patterns therein. Interactive visualizations allow to explore and query the data and to steer the automatic processes with domain knowledge. This increases trust in data, models, and results, which is especially important when critical decisions need to be made. The strengths of visual analytics have been shown to be particularly advantageous when problems and goals are underspecified and exploratory means are needed to discover yet unknown patterns.
This thesis presents novel visual analytics approaches to derive meaning and reasons behind movement, by taking into account the aforementioned characteristics. The approaches are aligned in a holistic process model covering all steps from data retrieval, enrichment, exploration, and verification to externalization of gained knowledge for various fields of application such as electric mobility, event management, and law enforcement. It is shown how data from social media can not only be used to retrieve up-to-date movement information, but also to enrich movement trajectories from other sources with structured and unstructured information about places, events, transactions, and other observations. Through highly interactive visual interfaces analysts can bring in domain knowledge to deal with uncertainties during data fusion and to steer the subsequent semantic analysis. Exploratory and confirmatory analysis techniques are presented to create hypotheses, refine them, and find support in the data. Analysts can discover routines and abnormal behavior with assistance of automatic pattern detection methods to cope with the vast amounts of data. Spatial drill-down is supported by a set-based focus+context technique, while a more abstract visual query language allows to explicitly formulate, extract, and query for movement patterns. The approaches are applied in different scenarios and are integrated in a visual analytics system. Evaluation with experts and novice users, case studies, and comparisons to ground truth data reveal the need and effectiveness of the contributions. Overall, the thesis contributes a visual analytics process for human mobility behavior with novel semantic analysis approaches, ranging from global movements of many to local activities of a few people, for a wide range of application domains.Note de contenu : Introduction
1 - From Foundations to Applications
2 - Movement Data Retrieval and Visual Representation
3 - Semantic Enrichment with Context Data
4 - Interactive Filtering
5 - Pattern Detection and Verification
6 - MOBY - The Mobility Analysis System
Conclusion and OutlookNuméro de notice : 21573 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Thèse étrangère Note de thèse : PhD Dissertation : Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik : Universität Stuttgart : 2017 DOI : sans En ligne : http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:93-opus-ds-97337 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=90574 The effects of temporal differences between map and ground data on map-assisted estimates of forest area and biomass / Ronald E. McRoberts in Annals of Forest Science, vol 73 n° 4 (December 2016)PermalinkGeometric calibration of Ziyuan-3 three-line cameras using ground control lines / Jinshan Cao in Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, PERS, vol 82 n° 11 (November 2016)PermalinkQuantifying early-seral forest composition with remote sensing / Rayma A Cooley in Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, PERS, vol 82 n° 11 (November 2016)PermalinkAcquisition et reconstruction de données 3D denses sous-marines en eau peu profonde par des robots d'exploration / Loïca Avanthey (2016)PermalinkInverse procedural Street Modelling: from interactive to automatic reconstruction / Rémi Cura (2016)PermalinkCanopy density model: A new ALS-derived product to generate multilayer crown cover maps / António Ferraz in IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, vol 53 n° 12 (December 2015)PermalinkMonitoring of chronological stages of deforestation-afforestation: the case of Southern Chile / Nicolas Maestripieri in Photo interprétation, European journal of applied remote sensing, vol 51 n° 3 (septembre 2015)PermalinkTélédétection pour l'agriculture de précision par caméra hyperspectrale miniature / D. Constantin in Géomatique suisse, vol 113 n° 9 (septembre 2015)PermalinkA greedy-based multiquadric method for LiDAR-derived ground data reduction / Chuanfa Chen in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 102 (April 2015)PermalinkEmploying ground and satellite-based QuickBird data and Random forest to discriminate five tree species in a Southern African Woodland / Samuel Adelabu in Geocarto international, vol 30 n° 3 - 4 (March - April 2015)Permalink