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Titre : Bridging the gap : The measure of urban resilience Type de document : Monographie Auteurs : Grazia Brunetta, Éditeur scientifique ; Alessandra Faggian, Éditeur scientifique ; Ombretta Caldarice, Éditeur scientifique Editeur : Bâle [Suisse] : Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute MDPI Année de publication : 2021 Importance : 266 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-0365-0767-5 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Urbanisme
[Termes IGN] changement climatique
[Termes IGN] classification et arbre de régression
[Termes IGN] données localisées
[Termes IGN] espace vert
[Termes IGN] géovisualisation
[Termes IGN] ilot thermique urbain
[Termes IGN] Italie
[Termes IGN] logement
[Termes IGN] modèle de simulation
[Termes IGN] modèle dynamique
[Termes IGN] planification urbaine
[Termes IGN] prévention des risques
[Termes IGN] système d'information géographique
[Termes IGN] utilisation du sol
[Termes IGN] ville durableRésumé : (auteur) The concept of resilience has arisen as a “new way of thinking”, becoming a response to both the causes and effects of ongoing global challenges. As it strongly stresses cities’ transformative potential, resilience’s final purpose is to prevent and manage unforeseen events and improve communities’ environmental and social quality. Although the resilience theory has been investigated in depth, several methodological challenges remain, mainly related to the concept’s practical sphere. As a matter of fact, resilience is commonly criticised for being too ambiguous and empty of meaning. At the same time, turning resilience into practice is not easy to do. This will arguably be one of the most impactful global issues for future research on resilience. The Special Issue “Bridging the Gap: The Measure of Urban Resilience” falls under this heading, and it seeks to synthesise state-of-the-art knowledge of theories and practices on measuring resilience. The Special Issue collected 11 papers that address the following questions: “What are the theoretical perspectives of measuring urban resilience? What are the existing methods for measuring urban resilience? What are the main features that a technique for measuring urban resilience needs to have? What is the role of measuring urban resilience in operationalising cities’ ability to adapt, recover and benefit from shocks?” Note de contenu : 1- Modelling, measuring, and visualising community resilience: A systematic review
2- Indicators for monitoring urban climate change resilience and adaptation
3- The Multi-risk assessment approach as a basis for the territorial resilience
4- Mapping urban resilience for spatial slanning-A first attempt to measure the vulnerability of the system
5- Breaking the black-box of regional resilience: A taxonomy using a dynamic cumulative shift-share occupational approach
6- Dynamic models for exploring the resilience in territorial scenarios
7- Energy consumption models at urban scale to measure energy resilience
8- Resilience and sectoral composition change of Italian inner areas in response to the great recession
9- Mainstreaming energetic resilience by morphological assessment in ordinary land use planning. The case study of Moncalieri, Turin (Italy)
10- Supporting resilient urban planning through walkability assessment
11- Evaluating and planning green infrastructure: A strategic perspective for sustainability and resilienceNuméro de notice : 28676 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE/URBANISME Nature : Recueil / ouvrage collectif DOI : 10.3390/books978-3-0365-0767-5 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-0365-0767-5 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=99959
Titre : Ecosystem services, green infrastructure and spatial planning Type de document : Monographie Auteurs : Corrado Zoppi, Éditeur scientifique Editeur : Bâle [Suisse] : Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute MDPI Année de publication : 2021 Importance : 345 p. Format : 17 x 25 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-0365-1715-5 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Ecologie
[Termes IGN] aire protégée
[Termes IGN] corridor biologique
[Termes IGN] écosystème urbain
[Termes IGN] espace vert
[Termes IGN] habitat urbain
[Termes IGN] Italie
[Termes IGN] planification urbaine
[Termes IGN] politique publique
[Termes IGN] protection de l'environnement
[Termes IGN] service écosystémique
[Termes IGN] site Natura 2000
[Termes IGN] système de gestion environnementale
[Termes IGN] ville intelligenteRésumé : (auteur) National governments hardly identify their ecological networks or make an effort to integrate them into their spatial policies and plans. Under this perspective, an important scientific and technical issue is to focus on preserving corridors for enabling species mobility and on achieving connectivity between natural protected areas. This Special Issue takes a step forward insofar as it aims at proposing a theoretical and methodological discussion on the definition and implementation of ecological networks that provide a wide range of ecosystem services. Note de contenu : 1- Hindrances to effective implementation of the habitats directive in Italy: Regional differences in designating special areas of conservation
2- ESDA (Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis) of vegetation cover in urban areas—recognition of vulnerabilities for the management of resources in urban green infrastructure
3- Knowledge models for spatial planning: Ecosystem services awareness in the new plan of Bari (Italy)
4- Urban standards and ecosystem services: The evolution of the services planning in Italy from theory to practice
5- Smart city governance and children’s agency: An assessment of the green infrastructure impact on children’s activities in Cagliari (Italy) with the tool “Opportunities for Children in Urban Spaces (OCUS)”
6- Assessment of municipal masterplans aimed at identifying and fostering green infrastructure: A study concerning three towns of the metropolitan area of Cagliari, Italy
7- Natura 2000 areas and sites of national interest (SNI): Measuring (un)integration between naturalness preservation and environmental remediation policies
8- Landscape features of costal waterfronts: Historical aspects and planning issues
9- The contribution of ecosystem services in developing effective and sustainable management practices in marine protected areas. The case study of “Isola dell’Asinara”
10- From degradation to the regeneration of territorial heritage. An eco-systemic vision for the promotion of the natural, urban and landscape capital of the metropolitan city of Reggio Calabria
11- Local development and protection of nature in coastal zones: A planning study for the Sulcis area (Sardinia, Italy)
12- ‘Greening’ green infrastructure. Good Italian practices for enhancing green infrastructure through the Common Agricultural Policy
13- Integrating green-infrastructures design in strategic spatial planning with geodesign
14- Territorial energy decentralisation and ecosystem services in Italy: Limits and potential
15- Military training areas as semicommons: The territorial valorization of Quirra (Sardinia) from easements to ecosystem servicesNuméro de notice : 28657 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : BIODIVERSITE/URBANISME Nature : Recueil / ouvrage collectif DOI : 10.3390/books978-3-0365-1715-5 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-0365-1715-5 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=99804
Titre : Mapping urban spaces Type de document : Monographie Auteurs : Lamberto Amistadi, Éditeur scientifique ; Valter Balducci, Éditeur scientifique ; Thomasz Bradecki, Éditeur scientifique ; et al., Auteur Editeur : Londres : Routledge Année de publication : 2021 Importance : 308 p. Format : 15 x 21 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-1-00-319066-0 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Cartographie thématique
[Termes IGN] Allemagne
[Termes IGN] analyse spatiale
[Termes IGN] architecture urbaine
[Termes IGN] carte ancienne
[Termes IGN] distribution spatiale
[Termes IGN] espace vert
[Termes IGN] France (administrative)
[Termes IGN] Grèce
[Termes IGN] Italie
[Termes IGN] morphologie urbaine
[Termes IGN] paysage urbain
[Termes IGN] répartition géographiqueRésumé : (éditeur) Mapping Urban Spaces focuses on medium-sized European cities and more specifically on their open spaces from psychological, sociological, and aesthetic points of view. The chapters illustrate how the characteristics that make life in medium-sized European cities pleasant and sustainable – accessibility, ease of travel, urban sustainability, social inclusiveness – can be traced back to the nature of that space. The chapters develop from a phenomenological study of space to contributions on places and landscapes in the city. Centralities and their meaning are studied, as well as the social space and its complexity. The contributions focus on history and theory as well as concrete research and mapping approaches and the resulting design applications. The case studies come from countries around Europe including Poland, Italy, Greece, Germany, and France, among others. The book will be of interest to students, scholars, and practitioners in architecture, urban planning, and landscape architecture. Note de contenu : Introduction
1- Mapping spaces: The phenomenological approach to the city of spaces
2- Mapping places: The Italian tradition of urban studies
3- Mapping natural space: Greenspaces and urban design
4- Mapping centralities: urban regeneration toward a polycentric city
5- Mapping social space: Demographic analysis as an image of urban complexity
AfterwardNuméro de notice : 28452 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE/URBANISME Nature : Recueil / ouvrage collectif DOI : 10.4324/9781003190660 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003190660 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=98969 Spatiotemporal patterns of urbanization during the last four decades in Switzerland and their impacts on urban heat islands / Marti Bosch Padros (2021)
Titre : Spatiotemporal patterns of urbanization during the last four decades in Switzerland and their impacts on urban heat islands Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Marti Bosch Padros, Auteur ; Jérôme Chenal, Directeur de thèse ; Stéphane Joost, Directeur de thèse Editeur : Lausanne : Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL Année de publication : 2021 Importance : 145 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Note générale : bibliographie
Thèse présentée pour l'obtention du grade de Docteur ès SciencesLangues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Analyse spatiale
[Termes IGN] aménagement du territoire
[Termes IGN] analyse diachronique
[Termes IGN] analyse spatio-temporelle
[Termes IGN] changement climatique
[Termes IGN] croissance urbaine
[Termes IGN] densité de population
[Termes IGN] espace vert
[Termes IGN] étalement urbain
[Termes IGN] ilot thermique urbain
[Termes IGN] modèle de simulation
[Termes IGN] modèle dynamique
[Termes IGN] occupation du sol
[Termes IGN] paysage urbain
[Termes IGN] service écosystémique
[Termes IGN] Suisse
[Termes IGN] urbanisationIndex. décimale : THESE Thèses et HDR Résumé : (auteur) Urbanization is nowadays a global phenomenon which is increasingly concentrating the world’s population in cities. In Switzerland, recent decades have seen an unprecedented loss of arable land due to urbanization, which has triggered amendments in the spatial planning laws with the aim of promoting urban densification. Nevertheless, despite remarkable efforts, the environmental impacts of distinctive urban patterns such as compact cities and urban sprawl remain poorly understood. One of the most remarkable environmental impacts of urbanization is the urban heat island effect, a phenomenon by which urban temperatures are warmer than in its rural surroundings. Central Europe, and therefore Switzerland, is among the regions in the world where temperatures are rising faster and the urban heat island effect is most prominent, which represents a central challenge for spatial planning. Most studies suggest that the urban heat island effect can be aggravated in compact cities, especially when considering the larger share of urban dwellers that are exposed to the highest temperatures. At the same time, the literature on the subject has seen a growing development of mitigation strategies, which suggest that the urban heat island effect can be significantly alleviated by an adequate planning of the building materials and urban green spaces. This doctoral dissertation intends to address the issues expressed above by performing a quantitative evaluation of the spatiotemporal patterns of urbanization in Switzerland and their impact on the urban heat island effect. To that end, the thesis adopts a landscape ecology perspective to quantify urban patterns and to spatially simulate the biophysical processes that underpin the urban heat island effect. The first article presents PyLandStats, an opensource library to compute landscape metrics in a repeatable and reproducible manner. In the second article, such a library is used to evaluate the spatiotemporal patterns of urbanization observed in the urban agglomerations of Bern, Lausanne and Zurich from 1980 to 2016. The results reveal that the outer zones of Bern and Lausanne are still undergoing diffusive urban expansion, whereas infill development is the dominant growth mode in both the inner and outer zones of Zurich. The thesis follows with the development of a spatially-explicit method to simulate urban heat mitigation using a recent model of urban cooling based on three biophysical mechanisms, namely tree shade, evapotranspiration and albedo. The study introduces an automated procedure to calibrate the parameters of the model, and shows that the proposed approach can outperform regression models based on remote sensing features. Then, in the fourth article, such an approach is applied to Lausanne in order to evaluate heat mitigation in a variety of urban greening scenarios which modify both the abundance and spatial configuration of the tree canopy cover. The simulations suggest a potential alleviation of the maximum nighttime temperatures of 2°C, which represents a major reduction of the human exposure to the urban heat island effect. Finally, a concluding chapter summarizes the main contributions of the dissertation and reviews key implications for urban planning in Switzerland. Overall, rather than prescribing urban densification as the customary strategy for spatial development, land use regulations and local plans should incorporate spatially-explicit evaluations of the ecosystem services provided by urban green spaces. Future research should extend the proposed approach to include further ecosystem services and explore trade-offs and spatially design solutions. Note de contenu : 1Urban greening scenarios for urban
heat mitigation- Introduction
2- Quantifying spatial patterns of landscapes
3- Spatiotemporal patterns of urbanization in three Swiss urban agglomerations
4- Spatially-explicit simulation of urban heat islands
6- Synthesis and outlookNuméro de notice : 28666 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE/URBANISME Nature : Thèse étrangère Note de thèse : Thèse de Doctorat : Sciences : EPFL : 2021 DOI : sans En ligne : https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/285477?ln=fr Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=99863 A novel intelligent classification method for urban green space based on high-resolution remote sensing images / Zhiyu Xu in Remote sensing, vol 12 n° 22 (December-1 2020)
[article]
Titre : A novel intelligent classification method for urban green space based on high-resolution remote sensing images Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Zhiyu Xu, Auteur ; Yi Zhou, Auteur ; Shixin Wang, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : n° 3845 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de télédétection
[Termes IGN] analyse comparative
[Termes IGN] apprentissage profond
[Termes IGN] arbre urbain
[Termes IGN] classification par réseau neuronal convolutif
[Termes IGN] espace vert
[Termes IGN] image à haute résolution
[Termes IGN] image Gaofen
[Termes IGN] milieu urbain
[Termes IGN] Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
[Termes IGN] Pékin (Chine)
[Termes IGN] phénologie
[Termes IGN] précision de la classification
[Termes IGN] urbanismeRésumé : (auteur) The real-time, accurate, and refined monitoring of urban green space status information is of great significance in the construction of urban ecological environment and the improvement of urban ecological benefits. The high-resolution technology can provide abundant information of ground objects, which makes the information of urban green surface more complicated. The existing classification methods are challenging to meet the classification accuracy and automation requirements of high-resolution images. This paper proposed a deep learning classification method for urban green space based on phenological features constraints in order to make full use of the spectral and spatial information of green space provided by high-resolution remote sensing images (GaoFen-2) in different periods. The vegetation phenological features were added as auxiliary bands to the deep learning network for training and classification. We used the HRNet (High-Resolution Network) as our model and introduced the Focal Tversky Loss function to solve the sample imbalance problem. The experimental results show that the introduction of phenological features into HRNet model training can effectively improve urban green space classification accuracy by solving the problem of misclassification of evergreen and deciduous trees. The improvement rate of F1-Score of deciduous trees, evergreen trees, and grassland were 0.48%, 4.77%, and 3.93%, respectively, which proved that the combination of vegetation phenology and high-resolution remote sensing image can improve the results of deep learning urban green space classification. Numéro de notice : A2020-792 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.3390/rs12223845 Date de publication en ligne : 23/11/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12223845 Format de la ressource électronique : url article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=96565
in Remote sensing > vol 12 n° 22 (December-1 2020) . - n° 3845[article]Spatio-temporal relationship between land cover and land surface temperature in urban areas: A case study in Geneva and Paris / Xu Ge in ISPRS International journal of geo-information, vol 9 n° 10 (October 2020)PermalinkPermalinkPermalinkPermalinkMise en place d’un outil de classification et d’utilisation des données LiDAR pour l’étude du couvert arboré à Florence / Florian Thill (2018)PermalinkEnhancing plant diversity and mitigating BVOC emissions of urban green spaces through the introduction of ornamental tree species / Yuan Ren in Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, vol 27 (October 2017)PermalinkEffects of green space spatial pattern on land surface temperature: Implications for sustainable urban planning and climate change adaptation / Matthew Maimaitiyiming in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 89 (March 2014)PermalinkCréation de l’outil métier « SmartTrees » pour les espaces verts du Grand Nancy / Thibault Fontmarty (2012)PermalinkUsing geographical information system to model the effects of green space accessibility on mortality in Florida / C. Coutts in Geocarto international, vol 25 n° 6 (October 2010)PermalinkWebGIS for evaluating walkability environment in urban center of Tsukuba / R. Thapa in Tsukuba geoenvironmental sciences, vol 5 (01/12/2009)Permalink