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A preliminary exploration of the cooling effect of tree shade in urban landscapes / Qiuyan Yu in International journal of applied Earth observation and geoinformation, vol 92 (October 2020)  

Public [article]  inInternational journal of applied Earth observation and geoinformation > vol 92 (October 2020) . - n° 102161 Titre : A preliminary exploration of the cooling effect of tree shade in urban landscapes Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Qiuyan Yu, Auteur ; Wenjie Ji, Auteur ; Ruiliang Pu, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : n° 102161 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Lasergrammétrie [Termes descripteurs IGN] arbre urbain [Termes descripteurs IGN] coefficient de corrélation [Termes descripteurs IGN] données lidar [Termes descripteurs IGN] Floride (Etats-Unis) [Termes descripteurs IGN] ilot thermique urbain [Termes descripteurs IGN] New York (Etats-Unis ; ville) [Termes descripteurs IGN] ombre [Termes descripteurs IGN] paysage urbain [Termes descripteurs IGN] semis de points [Termes descripteurs IGN] température au sol [Termes descripteurs IGN] ville durable Résumé : (auteur) Mitigating urban heat island (UHI) effects, especially under climate change, is necessary for the promotion of urban sustainability. Shade is one of the most important functions provided by urban trees for mitigating UHI. However, the cooling effect of tree shade has not been adequately investigated. In this study, we used a simple and straightforward method to quantify the spatial and temporal variation of tree shade and examined its effect on land surface temperature (LST). We used the hillshade function in a geographic information system to quantify the spatiotemporal patterns of tree shade by integrating sun location and tree height. Relationships between shade and LST were then compared in two cities, Tampa, Florida and New York City (NYC), New York. We found that: (1) Hillshade function combining the sun location and tree height can accurately capture the spatial and temporal variation of tree shade; (2) Tree shade, particularly at 07:30, has significant cooling effect on LST in Tampa and NYC; and (3) Shade has a stronger cooling effect in Tampa than in NYC, which is most likely due to the differences in the ratio of tree canopy to impervious surface cover, the spatial arrangements of trees and buildings, and their relative heights. Comparing the cooling effects of tree shade in two cities, this study provides important insights for urban planners for UHI mitigation in different cities. Numéro de notice : A2020-747 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE/URBANISME Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.jag.2020.102161 date de publication en ligne : 05/06/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2020.102161 Format de la ressource électronique : url article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=96397 [article]

Exploratory bivariate and multivariate geovisualizations of a social vulnerability index / Georgianna Strode in Cartographic perspectives, n° 95 (July 2020)  

Public [article]  inCartographic perspectives > n° 95 (July 2020) . - 19 p. Titre : Exploratory bivariate and multivariate geovisualizations of a social vulnerability index Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Georgianna Strode, Auteur ; Victor Mesev, Auteur ; Susanne Bleisch, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : 19 p. Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes descripteurs IGN] analyse bivariée [Termes descripteurs IGN] analyse multivariée [Termes descripteurs IGN] analyse spatiale [Termes descripteurs IGN] carte thématique [Termes descripteurs IGN] données socio-économiques [Termes descripteurs IGN] ethnie [Termes descripteurs IGN] Floride (Etats-Unis) [Termes descripteurs IGN] formule d'Euler [Termes descripteurs IGN] planification stratégique [Termes descripteurs IGN] prevention [Termes descripteurs IGN] santé [Termes descripteurs IGN] signe conventionnel [Termes descripteurs IGN] sociologie [Termes descripteurs IGN] vulnérabilité [Vedettes matières IGN] Géovisualisation Résumé : (auteur) In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the national agency that conducts and supports public health research and practice. Among the CDC’s many achievements is the development of a social vulnerability index (SVI) to aid planners and emergency responders when identifying vulnerable segments of the population, especially during natural hazard events. The index includes an overall social vulnerability ranking as well as four individual themes: socioeconomic, household composition & disability, ethnicity & language, and housing & transportation. This makes the SVI dataset multivariate, but it is typically viewed via maps that show one theme at a time. This paper explores a suite of cartographic techniques that can represent the SVI beyond the univariate view. Specifically, we recommend three techniques: (1) bivariate mapping to illustrate overall vulnerability and population density, (2) multivariate mapping using cartographic glyphs to disaggregate levels of the four vulnerability themes, and (3) visual analytics using Euler diagrams to depict overlap between the vulnerability themes. The CDC’s SVI, and by extension, vulnerability indices in other countries, can be viewed in a variety of cartographic forms that illustrate the location of vulnerable groups of society. Viewing data from various perspectives can facilitate the understanding and analysis of the growing amount and complexity of data. Numéro de notice : A2020-750 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.14714/CP95.1569 date de publication en ligne : 17/03/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.14714/CP95.1569 Format de la ressource électronique : url article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=96404 [article]

Visualizing when, where, and how fires happen in U.S. parks and protected areas / Nicole C. Inglis in ISPRS International journal of geo-information, vol 9 n° 5 (May 2020)  

Public [article]  inISPRS International journal of geo-information > vol 9 n° 5 (May 2020) . - 14 p. Titre : Visualizing when, where, and how fires happen in U.S. parks and protected areas Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Nicole C. Inglis, Auteur ; Jelena Vukomanovic, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : 14 p. Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes descripteurs IGN] aire protégée [Termes descripteurs IGN] changement climatique [Termes descripteurs IGN] Floride (Etats-Unis) [Termes descripteurs IGN] géodatabase [Termes descripteurs IGN] incendie de forêt [Termes descripteurs IGN] lutte contre l'incendie [Termes descripteurs IGN] modèle dynamique [Termes descripteurs IGN] parc naturel national [Termes descripteurs IGN] prévention des risques [Termes descripteurs IGN] réserve naturelle [Termes descripteurs IGN] variation saisonnière [Vedettes matières IGN] Géovisualisation Résumé : (auteur) Fire management in protected areas faces mounting obstacles as climate change alters disturbance regimes, resources are diverted to fighting wildfires, and more people live along the boundaries of parks. Evidence-based prescribed fire management and improved communication with stakeholders is vital to reducing fire risk while maintaining public trust. Numerous national fire databases document when and where natural, prescribed, and human-caused fires have occurred on public lands in the United States. However, these databases are incongruous and non-standardized, making it difficult to visualize spatiotemporal patterns of fire and engage stakeholders in decision-making. We created interactive decision analytics (“VISTAFiRe”) that transform fire history data into clear visualizations of the spatial and temporal dimensions of fire and its management. We demonstrate the utility of our approach using Big Cypress National Preserve and Everglades National Park as examples of protected areas experiencing fire regime change between 1980 and 2017. Our open source visualizations may be applied to any data from the National Park Service Wildland Fire Events Geodatabase, with flexibility to communicate shifts in fire regimes over time, such as the type of ignition, duration and magnitude, and changes in seasonal occurrence. Application of the tool to Everglades and Big Cypress revealed that natural wildfires are occurring earlier in the wildfire season, while human-caused and prescribed wildfires are becoming less and more common, respectively. These new avenues of stakeholder communication are allowing the National Park Service to devise research plans to prepare for environmental change, guide resource allocation, and support decision-making in a clear and timely manner. Numéro de notice : A2020-298 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET/GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.3390/ijgi9050333 date de publication en ligne : 20/05/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9050333 Format de la ressource électronique : url article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=95138 [article]

Optimizing arbovirus surveillance using risk mapping and coverage modelling / Joni A. Downs in Annals of GIS, Vol 26 n° 1 (January 2020)  

Public [article]  inAnnals of GIS > Vol 26 n° 1 (January 2020) . - pp 13 - 23 Titre : Optimizing arbovirus surveillance using risk mapping and coverage modelling Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Joni A. Downs, Auteur ; Mehrdad Vaziri, Auteur ; George Deskins, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : pp 13 - 23 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Analyse spatiale [Termes descripteurs IGN] cartographie des risques [Termes descripteurs IGN] données environnementales [Termes descripteurs IGN] échantillonnage de données [Termes descripteurs IGN] épizootie [Termes descripteurs IGN] Floride (Etats-Unis) [Termes descripteurs IGN] maladie infectieuse [Termes descripteurs IGN] modélisation spatiale [Termes descripteurs IGN] optimisation spatiale [Termes descripteurs IGN] surveillance sanitaire [Termes descripteurs IGN] système d'information géographique Résumé : (auteur) Diseases carried by mosquitoes and other arthropods endanger human health globally. Though costly, surveillance efforts are vital for disease control and prevention This paper describes an approach for strategically configuring targeted disease surveillance sites across a study area. The methodology combines risk index mapping and spatial optimization modelling. The risk index is used to identify demand for surveillance, and the maximum covering location problem is used to select a specified number of candidate surveillance sites that covers the maximum amount of risk. The approach is demonstrated using a case study where optimal locations for sentinel surveillance sites are selected for the purposes of detecting eastern equine encephalitis virus in a county in the state of Florida. Optimal sentinel sites were selected under a number of scenarios that modelled different target populations (horses or humans), coverage distances (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 km), and numbers of sites to select (1–12). Sentinel site selections for the horse and human models displayed different spatial patterns, with horse sites located largely in the west-central region and human ones in the north-central. Minor amounts of spatial overlap between the horse and human sites were observed, especially as coverage distances and numbers of sites were increased. Additionally, a near linear increase in risk coverage was observed as sites were incrementally added to the scenarios. This finding suggests that the number of sentinel sites within the ranges explored should be based on the maximum that can be funded, since they provide similar levels of benefit. Numéro de notice : A2020-117 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1080/19475683.2019.1688391 date de publication en ligne : 18/11/2019 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/19475683.2019.1688391 Format de la ressource électronique : url article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=94736 [article]

Total Vertical Uncertainty (TVU) modeling for topo-bathymetric LIDAR systems / Firat Eren in Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, PERS, vol 85 n° 8 (August 2019)  

Public [article]  inPhotogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, PERS > vol 85 n° 8 (August 2019) . - pp 585 - 596 Titre : Total Vertical Uncertainty (TVU) modeling for topo-bathymetric LIDAR systems Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Firat Eren, Auteur ; Jaehoon Jung, Auteur ; Christopher E. Parrish, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : pp 585 - 596 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Lasergrammétrie [Termes descripteurs IGN] Floride (Etats-Unis) [Termes descripteurs IGN] incertitude géométrique [Termes descripteurs IGN] lidar bathymétrique [Termes descripteurs IGN] méthode de Monte-Carlo [Termes descripteurs IGN] modèle d'incertitude [Termes descripteurs IGN] modèle numérique bathymétrique [Termes descripteurs IGN] modèle numérique de surface [Termes descripteurs IGN] propagation d'incertitude [Termes descripteurs IGN] semis de points [Termes descripteurs IGN] surface de l'eau Résumé : (Auteur) This paper presents a comprehensive total vertical uncertainty (TVU) model for topo-bathymetric Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) systems. The TVU model consists of a combination of analytical uncertainty propagation for the subaerial (above water) portion and Monte Carlo simulation models for the subaqueous portion (water surface to seafloor). The TVU model was tested on a topo-bathymetric LIDAR data set collected by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Geodetic Survey (NGS) in Southwest Florida, U.S., in May 2016 using a Riegl VQ-880-G topo-bathymetric LIDARsystem. The TVU values were compared against the empirical standard deviation and were found to capture the variability of uncertainty with depth while providing (slightly) conservative estimates of uncertainty. The results may be used to inform data acquisition protocols and data processing models. The model implementation is now beginning to be used operationally at NGS for topo-bathymetric LIDAR projects. Numéro de notice : A2019-414 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.14358/PERS.85.8.585 date de publication en ligne : 01/08/2019 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.85.8.585 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=93541 [article]

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