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Under-canopy UAV laser scanning for accurate forest field measurements / Eric Hyyppä in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 164 (June 2020)  

Public [article]  inISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing > vol 164 (June 2020) . - pp 41 - 60 Titre : Under-canopy UAV laser scanning for accurate forest field measurements Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Eric Hyyppä, Auteur ; Juha Hyyppä, Auteur ; Teemu Hakala, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : pp 41 - 60 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Lasergrammétrie [Termes descripteurs IGN] balayage laser [Termes descripteurs IGN] canopée [Termes descripteurs IGN] densité du bois [Termes descripteurs IGN] diamètre à hauteur de poitrine [Termes descripteurs IGN] données lidar [Termes descripteurs IGN] erreur moyenne quadratique [Termes descripteurs IGN] Finlande [Termes descripteurs IGN] forêt boréale [Termes descripteurs IGN] hauteur à la base du houppier [Termes descripteurs IGN] hauteur des arbres [Termes descripteurs IGN] image de drone [Termes descripteurs IGN] inventaire forestier local [Termes descripteurs IGN] modèle de croissance [Termes descripteurs IGN] semis de points [Termes descripteurs IGN] Simultaneous Localisation And Mapping [Termes descripteurs IGN] télédétection aérienne [Termes descripteurs IGN] télémètre laser terrestre [Termes descripteurs IGN] télémétrie laser aéroporté [Termes descripteurs IGN] tronc Résumé : (auteur) Surveying and robotic technologies are converging, offering great potential for robotic-assisted data collection and support for labour intensive surveying activities. From a forest monitoring perspective, there are several technological and operational aspects to address concerning under-canopy flying unmanned airborne vehicles (UAV). To demonstrate this emerging technology, we investigated tree detection and stem curve estimation using laser scanning data obtained with an under-canopy flying UAV. To this end, we mounted a Kaarta Stencil-1 laser scanner with an integrated simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) system on board an UAV that was manually piloted with the help of video goggles receiving a live video feed from the onboard camera of the UAV. Using the under-canopy flying UAV, we collected SLAM-corrected point cloud data in a boreal forest on two 32 m 32 m test sites that were characterized as sparse ( = 42 trees) and obstructed ( = 43 trees), respectively. Novel data processing algorithms were applied for the point clouds in order to detect the stems of individual trees and to extract their stem curves and diameters at breast height (DBH). The estimated tree attributes were compared against highly accurate field reference data that was acquired semi-manually with a multi-scan terrestrial laser scanner (TLS). The proposed method succeeded in detecting 93% of the stems in the sparse plot and 84% of the stems in the obstructed plot. In the sparse plot, the DBH and stem curve estimates had a root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of 0.60 cm (2.2%) and 1.2 cm (5.0%), respectively, whereas the corresponding values for the obstructed plot were 0.92 cm (3.1%) and 1.4 cm (5.2%). By combining the stem curves extracted from the under-canopy UAV laser scanning data with tree heights derived from above-canopy UAV laser scanning data, we computed stem volumes for the detected trees with a relative RMSE of 10.1% in both plots. Thus, the combination of under-canopy and above-canopy UAV laser scanning allowed us to extract the stem volumes with an accuracy comparable to the past best studies based on TLS in boreal forest conditions. Since the stems of several spruces located on the test sites suffered from severe occlusion and could not be detected with the stem-based method, we developed a separate work flow capable of detecting trees with occluded stems. The proposed work flow enabled us to detect 98% of trees in the sparse plot and 93% of the trees in the obstructed plot with a 100% correction level in both plots. A key benefit provided by the under-canopy UAV laser scanner is the short period of time required for data collection, currently demonstrated to be much faster than the time required for field measurements and TLS. The quality of the measurements acquired with the under-canopy flying UAV combined with the demonstrated efficiency indicates operational potential for supporting fast and accurate forest resource inventories. Numéro de notice : A2020-240 Thématique : FORET/IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2020.03.021 date de publication en ligne : 11/04/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2020.03.021 Format de la ressource électronique : url article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=94994 [article]

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Size-class structure of the forests of Finland during 1921–2013: a recovery from centuries of exploitation, guided by forest policies / Helena M. Henttonen in European Journal of Forest Research, vol 139 n° 2 (April 2020)  

Public [article]  inEuropean Journal of Forest Research > vol 139 n° 2 (April 2020) . - pp 279 – 293 Titre : Size-class structure of the forests of Finland during 1921–2013: a recovery from centuries of exploitation, guided by forest policies Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Helena M. Henttonen, Auteur ; Pekka Nöjd, Auteur ; Susanne Suvanto, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : pp 279 – 293 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes descripteurs IGN] analyse diachronique [Termes descripteurs IGN] brûlis [Termes descripteurs IGN] densité de la végétation [Termes descripteurs IGN] diamètre à hauteur de poitrine [Termes descripteurs IGN] échantillonnage de données [Termes descripteurs IGN] Finlande [Termes descripteurs IGN] forêt boréale [Termes descripteurs IGN] inventaire forestier étranger (données) [Termes descripteurs IGN] paturage [Termes descripteurs IGN] peuplement forestier [Termes descripteurs IGN] Picea abies [Termes descripteurs IGN] Pinus sylvestris [Termes descripteurs IGN] politique forestière [Termes descripteurs IGN] sylviculture [Termes descripteurs IGN] utilisation du sol [Vedettes matières IGN] Inventaire forestier Résumé : (auteur) Frequency distributions of tree diameters are a powerful tool for analyzing changes of tree populations in large areas. We analyzed the densities and mean volume estimates of trees in different size classes for the Finnish forests over the time-span of the National Forest Inventories (1921–2013). The results display a general increase in trees in all size classes, species group and geographical area, mainly after the 1970s. The densities of medium- and large-sized conifers showed large increases in the southern boreal subzone, spruces even more than pines. Small- to medium-sized pines have increased in the middle and northern boreal subzones. The shifts in growing stock are related to changing land use, resulting from the development of the society. The low quantities of both growing stock and large trees during the 1920s reflect a poor initial state of forests. Several land use forms of the former agriculture-based society were detrimental to forests, including slash and burn agriculture, cattle grazing and tar production. The pressure from alternative land use forms was stronger in southern Finland, where the population density (people per km2) is much higher. Between 1971 and 2013, the changes in size-class structure can be attributed mainly to intensified silviculture boosted by actions of the Finnish governments, including both legislation and financial support for management activities. Not only the development of growing stock has exceeded expectations, but the increase has also concentrated in the economically valuable trees in the large size classes. Numéro de notice : A2020-344 Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1007/s10342-019-01241-y date de publication en ligne : 27/11/2019 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-019-01241-y Format de la ressource électronique : url article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=95224 [article]

Efficiency of updating the ionospheric models using total electron content at mid- and sub-auroral latitudes / Daria S. Kotova in GPS solutions, vol 24 n° 1 (January 2020)  

Public [article]  inGPS solutions > vol 24 n° 1 (January 2020) Titre : Efficiency of updating the ionospheric models using total electron content at mid- and sub-auroral latitudes Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Daria S. Kotova, Auteur ; Vladimir B. Ovodenko, Auteur ; Yury V. Yasyukevich, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie spatiale [Termes descripteurs IGN] Finlande [Termes descripteurs IGN] mise à jour [Termes descripteurs IGN] modèle ionosphérique [Termes descripteurs IGN] récepteur GLONASS [Termes descripteurs IGN] récepteur GPS [Termes descripteurs IGN] Russie [Termes descripteurs IGN] teneur totale en électrons Résumé : (Auteur) Describing the current ionospheric conditions is crucial to solving problems of radio communication, radar, and navigation. Techniques to update ionospheric models using current measurements found a wide application to improve the ionosphere description. We present the results of updating the NeQuick and IRI-Plas empirical ionosphere models using the slant total electron content observed by ground-based GPS/GLONASS receivers. The updating method is based on calculating the effective value of the solar activity index, which allows minimizing the discrepancy between the measured and the model-calculated slant TEC. We estimated the updating efficiency based on the foF2 observational data obtained by ionosonde measurements. We calculated the data for 4 stations: Irkutsk, Norilsk, Kaliningrad, and Sodankylä. We analyzed 4 days in 2014: March 22, June 22, September 22, and December 18. We found that, in some cases, upon updating, the IRI-Plas underestimates the foF2, whereas NeQuick, on the contrary, overestimates it. We found a seasonal dependence of the updating efficiency of the ionosphere model using slant TEC. Possible causes of this dependence might be associated with the seasonal dependence of the correctness of model’s reproduction of the latitude–longitude TEC distribution. In general, we found the low level of the updating efficiency of the foF2 using slant TEC. This can be mainly explained by the fact that the models describe the electron density vertical profile and ionospheric slab thickness incorrectly. Numéro de notice : A2020-021 Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s10291-019-0936-x date de publication en ligne : 11/12/2019 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-019-0936-x Format de la ressource électronique : URL Article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=94462 [article]

Automated fusion of forest airborne and terrestrial point clouds through canopy density analysis / Wenxia Dai in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 156 (October 2019)  

Public [article]  inISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing > vol 156 (October 2019) . - pp 94 - 107 Titre : Automated fusion of forest airborne and terrestrial point clouds through canopy density analysis Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Wenxia Dai, Auteur ; Bisheng Yang, Auteur ; Xinlian Liang, Auteur ; Zhen Dong, Auteur ; Ronggang Huang, Auteur ; Yunsheng Wang, Auteur ; Wuyan Li, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : pp 94 - 107 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Lasergrammétrie [Termes descripteurs IGN] algorithme ICP [Termes descripteurs IGN] canopée [Termes descripteurs IGN] données TLS (télémétrie) [Termes descripteurs IGN] Finlande [Termes descripteurs IGN] forêt boréale [Termes descripteurs IGN] fusion de données multisource [Termes descripteurs IGN] image ADAR [Termes descripteurs IGN] semis de points [Termes descripteurs IGN] surveillance forestière Résumé : (Auteur) Airborne laser scanning (ALS) and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) systems are effective ways to capture the 3D information of forests from complementary perspectives. Registration of the two sources of point clouds is necessary for various forestry applications. Since the forest point clouds show irregular and natural point distributions, standard registration methods working on geometric keypoints (e.g., points, lines, and planes) are likely to fail. Hence, we propose a novel method to register the ALS and TLS forest point clouds through density analysis of the crowns. The proposed method extracts mode-based keypoints by the mean shift method and aligns them by maximum likelihood estimation. Firstly, the differences in the point densities of the ALS and TLS crowns are minimized to produce analogous modes, which represent the local maxima of the underlying probability density function (PDF). The mode-based keypoints are then aligned through the coherent point drift (CPD) algorithm, which is independent of the descriptor similarities and considers the alignment as a maximum likelihood estimation problem. The sets of keypoints derived from the two data sources need not be equal. Finally, the recovered transformation is applied to the original point clouds and refined through the standard iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm. In contrast to some of the existing methods, the proposed method avoids the geometric description of the forest point clouds. Furthermore, additional information such as tree diameter or height is not required to evaluate the similarities. The experiments in this study were conducted in a Scandinavian boreal forest, located in Evo, Finland. The proposed method was tested on four datasets (ALS data: a circle with a diameter of 60 m, multi-scan TLS data: 32 × 32 m) with heterogeneous tree species and structures. The results showed that the proposed probabilistic-based method obtains a good performance with a 3D distance residual of 0.069 m, and improved the accuracy of the registration when compared with the existing methods. Numéro de notice : A2019-318 Thématique : FORET/IMAGERIE Nature : Article DOI : doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2019.08.008 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2019.08.008 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=93356 [article]

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Using LiDAR-modified topographic wetness index, terrain attributes with leaf area index to improve a single-tree growth model in south-eastern Finland / Cheikh Mohamedou in Forestry, an international journal of forest research, vol 92 n° 3 (July 2019)  

Public [article]  inForestry, an international journal of forest research > vol 92 n° 3 (July 2019) . - pp 253 - 263 Titre : Using LiDAR-modified topographic wetness index, terrain attributes with leaf area index to improve a single-tree growth model in south-eastern Finland Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Cheikh Mohamedou, Auteur ; Lauri Korhonen, Auteur ; Kalle Eerikäinen, Auteur ; Timo Tokola, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : pp 253 - 263 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Lasergrammétrie [Termes descripteurs IGN] croissance végétale [Termes descripteurs IGN] diamètre des arbres [Termes descripteurs IGN] données lidar [Termes descripteurs IGN] données localisées 3D [Termes descripteurs IGN] erreur systématique [Termes descripteurs IGN] Finlande [Termes descripteurs IGN] humidité du sol [Termes descripteurs IGN] indice d'humidité [Termes descripteurs IGN] Leaf Area Index [Termes descripteurs IGN] modèle de croissance [Termes descripteurs IGN] Perceptron multicouche Résumé : (Auteur) Tree growth information is crucial in forest management and planning. Terrain-derived attributes such as the topographic wetness index (TWI), in addition to leaf area index (LAI) are closely related to tree growth, but are not commonly used in empirical growth models. In this study, we examined if modified TWI and LAI estimated from airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data could be used to improve the predictions of a national single-tree diameter growth model. Altogether 1118 sample trees were selected within 197 subjectively placed plots in randomly selected forest stands in south-eastern Finland. Linear mixed effect (LME) and multilayer perceptron models were used to model the bias of 5-year growth predictions of the model and thus ultimately improve its predictions. The root mean square error (RMSE) of the national model was 0.604 cm. LME modelling reduced this value to 0.404 cm and MLP to 0.568 cm. The predictors included in the best-performing LME model were modified TWI, LAI estimated from LiDAR intensities, and elevation. Without an LAI estimate, the best RMSE was 0.436 cm. When applied as such, original and modified TWIs produced similar accuracy. We conclude that both TWI and LAI obtained from LiDAR data improve the diameter growth predictions of the national model. Numéro de notice : A2019-293 Thématique : FORET/IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1093/forestry/cpz010 date de publication en ligne : 28/02/2019 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpz010 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=93184 [article]

Estimating forest stand density and structure using Bayesian individual tree detection, stochastic geometry, and distribution matching / Kasper Kansanen in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 152 (June 2019)  

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Bayesian calibration of a carbon balance model PREBAS using data from permanent growth experiments and national forest inventory / Francesco Minunno in Forest ecology and management, vol 440 (15 May 2019)  

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Detecting and characterizing downed dead wood using terrestrial laser scanning / Tuomas Yrttimaa in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 151 (May 2019)  

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Economic losses caused by tree species proportions and site type errors in forest management planning / Arto Haara in Silva fennica, vol 53 n° 2 (2019)  

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Efficiency of post-stratification for a large-scale forest inventory : case Finnish NFI / Helena Haakana in Annals of Forest Science [en ligne], vol 76 n° 1 (March 2019)  

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Predicting tree diameter using allometry described by non-parametric locally-estimated copulas from tree dimensions derived from airborne laser scanning / Qing Xu in Forest ecology and management, vol 434 (28 February 2019)  

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A modeling-based approach for soil frost detection in the northern boreal forest region with C-Band SAR / Juval Cohen in IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, vol 57 n° 2 (February 2019)  

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TanDEM-X digital surface models in boreal forest above-ground biomass change detection / Kirsi Karila in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 148 (February 2019)  

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Automatic determination of stream networks from DEMs by using road network data to locate culverts / Ville Mäkinen in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, Vol 33 n° 1-2 (January - February 2019)  

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Is field-measured tree height as reliable as believed – A comparison study of tree height estimates from field measurement, airborne laser scanning and terrestrial laser scanning in a boreal forest / Yunsheng Wang in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 147 (January 2019)  

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