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Crossing natural and data set boundaries : coastal terrain modelling in the South-West Finnish Archipelago / A. Stock in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 24 n° 9 (september 2010)
[article]
Titre : Crossing natural and data set boundaries : coastal terrain modelling in the South-West Finnish Archipelago Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : A. Stock, Auteur ; H. Tolvanen, Auteur ; R. Kalliola, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp 1435 - 1425 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications SIG
[Termes IGN] archipel
[Termes IGN] eaux côtières
[Termes IGN] Finlande
[Termes IGN] frontière
[Termes IGN] intégration de données
[Termes IGN] littoral
[Termes IGN] modèle numérique de terrain
[Termes IGN] pente
[Termes IGN] trait de côteRésumé : (Auteur) Geographical information systems (GIS) are important tools in coastal research and management. Coastal GIS applications involve special challenges, because the coastal environment is a complex transitional system between the terrestrial and marine realms. Also acquisition methods and responsibilities for spatial data (and thus their properties) change at the shoreline. This article explores the consequences of this land-sea divide for coastal terrain modelling. We study how methods designed for terrestrial environments can be used to create integrated raster coastal terrain models (CTMs) from coarse elevation and depth data. We focus on shore slopes, because many particularities of coastal terrain and the data which describe it as well as the resulting problems are concentrated in the shore zone. Based on shorelines, terrestrial contours, depth contours and depth points, we used the ANUDEM algorithm to interpolate CTMs at different spatial resolutions, with and without drainage enforcement, for two test areas in a highly complex archipelago coast. Slope aspect and gradient rasters were derived from the CTMs using Horn's algorithm. Values were assigned from the slope rasters to thousands of points along the test areas' shorelines in different ways. Shore slope gradients and aspects were also calculated directly from the shorelines and contours. These modelled data were compared to each other and to field-measured shore profiles using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. As far as the coarse source data permitted, the interpolation and slope calculations delivered good results at fine spatial resolutions. Vector-based slope calculations were very sensitive to quality problems of the source data. Fine-resolution raster data were consequently found most suitable for describing shore slopes from coarse coastal terrain data. Terrestrial and marine parts of the CTMs were subject to different errors, and modelling methods and parameters had different consequences there. Thus, methods designed for terrestrial applications can be successfully used for coastal terrain modelling, but the choice of methods and parameters and the interpretation of modelling results require special attention to the differences of terrestrial and marine topography and data. Numéro de notice : A2010-408 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/13658811003591698 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658811003591698 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=30601
in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 24 n° 9 (september 2010) . - pp 1435 - 1425[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 079-2010051 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible 079-2010052 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible Range and AGC normalization in airborne discrete-return LiDAR intensity data for forest canopies / Ilkka Korpela in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 65 n° 4 (July - August 2010)
[article]
Titre : Range and AGC normalization in airborne discrete-return LiDAR intensity data for forest canopies Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Ilkka Korpela, Auteur ; Hans Ole Ørka, Auteur ; Juha Hyyppä, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp 369 - 379 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Lasergrammétrie
[Termes IGN] couvert forestier
[Termes IGN] données lidar
[Termes IGN] données localisées 3D
[Termes IGN] espèce végétale
[Termes IGN] Finlande
[Termes IGN] forêt boréale
[Termes IGN] lasergrammétrie
[Termes IGN] Pinophyta
[Termes IGN] précision de la classification
[Termes IGN] signal laserRésumé : (Auteur) Recently, the intensity characteristics of discrete-return LiDAR sensors were studied for vegetation classification. We examined two normalization procedures affecting LiDAR intensity through the scanning geometry and the system settings, namely, range normalization and the effects of the automatic gain control (AGC) in the Optech ALTM3100 and Leica ALS50-II sensors. Range normalization corresponds to weighting of the observed intensities with the term (R/RRef)a , where R is the range, RRef is a mean reference range, and aset membership, variant[2,4] is the exponent that is, according to theory, dependent on the target geometry. LiDAR points belonging to individual tree crowns were extracted for 13 887 trees in southern Finland. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the intensity was analyzed for a range of values of exponent a. The tree species classification performance using 13 intensity variables was also used for sensitivity analysis of the effect of a. The results were in line with the established theory, since the optimal level of a was lower (a~2) for trees with large or clumped leaves and higher (a~3) for diffuse coniferous crowns. Different echo groups also showed varying responses. Single-return pulses that represented strong reflections had a lower optimal value of a than the first and all echoes in a pulse. The gain in classification accuracy from the optimal selection of the exponent was 2%–3%, and the optimum for classification was different from that obtained using the CV analysis. In the ALS50-II sensor, the combined and optimized AGC and R normalizations had a notably larger effect (6%–9%) on classification accuracy. Our study demonstrates the ambiguity of R normalization in vegetation canopies. Numéro de notice : A2010-297 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET/IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2010.04.003 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2010.04.003 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=30491
in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing > vol 65 n° 4 (July - August 2010) . - pp 369 - 379[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 081-2010041 SL Revue Centre de documentation Revues en salle Disponible A bias-free geodetic boundary value problem approach to height datum unification / Alireza A. Ardalan in Journal of geodesy, vol 84 n° 2 (February 2010)
[article]
Titre : A bias-free geodetic boundary value problem approach to height datum unification Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Alireza A. Ardalan, Auteur ; R. Karimi, Auteur ; Markku Poutanen, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp 123 - 134 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie physique
[Termes IGN] cote géopotentielle
[Termes IGN] erreur systématique
[Termes IGN] Finlande
[Termes IGN] géoïde local
[Termes IGN] hauteur ellipsoïdale
[Termes IGN] problème des valeurs limites
[Termes IGN] réseau altimétrique local
[Termes IGN] système de référence altimétriqueRésumé : (Auteur) A geodetic boundary value problem (GBVP) approach has been formulated which can be used for solving the problem of height datum unification. The developed technique is applied to a test area in Southwest Finland with approximate size of 1.5° x 3° and the bias of the corresponding local height datum (local geoid) with respect to the geoid is computed. For this purpose the bias-free potential difference and gravity difference observations of the test area are used and the offset (bias) of the height datum, i.e., Finnish Height Datum 2000 (N2000) fixed to Normaal Amsterdams Peil (NAP) as origin point, with respect to the geoid is computed. The results of this computation show that potential of the origin point of N2000, i.e., NAP, is (62636857.68 1 0.5) (m2/s2) and as such is (0.191 1 0.003) (m) under the geoid defined by W 0 = 62636855.8 (m2/s2). As the validity test of our methodology, the test area is divided into two parts and the corresponding potential difference and gravity difference observations are introduced into our GBVP separately and the bias of height datums of the two parts are computed with respect to the geoid. Obtaining approximately the same bias values for the height datums of the two parts being part of one height datum with one origin point proves the validity of our approach. Besides, the latter test shows the capability of our methodology for patch-wise application. Copyright Springer Numéro de notice : A2010-107 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s00190-009-0348-8 Date de publication en ligne : 10/10/2009 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-009-0348-8 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=30303
in Journal of geodesy > vol 84 n° 2 (February 2010) . - pp 123 - 134[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 266-2010021 SL Revue Centre de documentation Revues en salle Disponible
Titre : Interference measurements of the Nummela standard baseline in 2005 and 2007 Type de document : Monographie Auteurs : Jorma Jokela, Auteur ; P. Häkli, Auteur Editeur : Helsinki : Finnish Geodetic Institute FGI Année de publication : 2010 Collection : Publications of the Finnish Geodetic Institute, ISSN 0085-6932 num. 144 Importance : 90 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-951-711-283-3 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie
[Termes IGN] comparateur de Vaisala
[Termes IGN] Finlande
[Termes IGN] interférence
[Termes IGN] ligne de base
[Termes IGN] mesurage électronique de distancesRésumé : (Auteur) The Nummela Standard Baseline of the Finnish Geodetic Institute is a unique national and international measurement standard for length measurements in geodesy. The design of the 864-m baseline was originally, in 1933, fitted for the calibration of 24-m invar wires to determine a uniform scale for triangulation. Since 1947, the baseline has been regularly measured with the Vaisala interference comparator. As a continuation to the impressive time series, the performance and results of the latest interference measurements in 2005 and 2007 are presented in detail in this publication. Two consecutive measurements within a short time span were necessary, since only half of the baseline could be measured in 2005, due to unfavourable weather conditions. The new results again confirm the excellent stability and unique accuracy, 9xlO"8, of the baseline. The 6-pillar baseline now serves in the calibration, testing and validation of electronic distance measurement (EDM) instruments for precise surveying and mapping and in scale transfer measurements to other geodetic baselines, test fields and local geodynamical networks. The measurements are metrologically traceable to the definition of the metre through a quartz gauge system.
This publication provides a summary of the rare measurement method and is a detailed supplement to the previously published or internal instruction manuals. First, we present the quartz gauge systems, which determine the scale in the Vaisala interference comparator. After a description of the present comparison method for the quartz gauges, the computation of the scale for the latest interference measurements is presented. For the interference measurements, the comparator must be separately constructed for every baseline. We describe the preparations and installations for this, followed by the observation and computation procedures. The abundant illustrations clarify the many stages. For further utilization of the baseline, the projection measurements are an essential part of the entire measurement. They transfer the distances between the mirror surfaces in the comparator to the distances between the permanently fixed transferring bars on the observation pillars, and, finally, to the baseline lengths between the underground benchmarks. We present the estimation of the uncertainty of measurement as standard and expanded uncertainties, combining all of the sources of the uncertainty in the traceability chain.
The standard uncertainties of the new results range from ±0.02 mm to ±0.07 mm for the lengths of the baseline sections ranging from 24 m to 864 m. The result for the length of the entire baseline, 864 122.86 mm ±0.07 mm, differs +0.11 mm from the previous result in 1996 and +0.08 mm from the first result in 1947. The largest difference between the results in 2005 and 2007 is -0.08 mm. The state-of-the-art Nummela Standard Baseline remains a world-class measurement standard of geodetic length metrology.Note de contenu : 1 Introduction
2 Landmarks in the history of the Nummela Standard Baseline
2.1 First international recognitions
2.2 Change from invar wires to EDM instruments as transfer standards
2.3 Recent construction works
2.4 Importance in the 2010s
3 Traceability chain of geodetic length measurements
4 Quartz gauges in the determination of the scale
4.1 Review of quartz gauge systems at Tuorla Observatory
4.2 Comparisons at Tuorla Observatory
4.3 Determination of the length of quartz gauge no. VIII in BTM00
5 Preparing the baseline for interference measurements
5.1 Principle of the Vaisala interference comparator
5.2 Preparing the observation pillars for interference measurements
5.3 Precise levellings - start of the measurements
5.4 Aligning the mirrors
5.5 Setting the mirrors at correct positions in the baseline direction
5.6 Installing the transferring bars onto the observation pillars
5.7 Installations on the telescope pillar
5.8 Installations on pillars 0 and 1
6 Interference observations
6.1 Observation procedure
6.2 About weather conditions
6.3 Personnel
7 Determination of corrections
7.1 Compensator corrections
7.2 Refraction correction
7.3 Corrections due to mirrors
7.4 Geometric corrections
7.5 Projection corrections
8 Computation of baseline lengths
8.1 Computation of the actual length of the quartz gauge
8.2 Results from interference observations in 2005
8.3 Results from interference observations in 2007
8.4 Final lengths
9 Estimation of uncertainty of measurement
9.1 Combined uncertainty of the lengths between the underground markers
9.2 Some supplementary analysis of uncertainty of measurement
10 Summary and conclusionsNuméro de notice : 14650 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Monographie En ligne : https://www.maanmittauslaitos.fi/sites/maanmittauslaitos.fi/files/fgi/FGI_Publ_1 [...] Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=62678 Documents numériques
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14650_fgi-publ-144_jokela.pdfAdobe Acrobat PDF Summer temperature affects the ratio of radial and height growth of Scots pine in northern Finland / Hannu Salminen in Annals of Forest Science, Vol 66 n° 8 (December 2009)
[article]
Titre : Summer temperature affects the ratio of radial and height growth of Scots pine in northern Finland Titre original : Les températures estivales influent sur le rapport croissance en hauteur et croissance radiale chez le pin sylvestre dans le nord de la Finlande Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Hannu Salminen, Auteur ; Risto Jalkanen, Auteur ; Markus Lindholm, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : n° 810 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] croissance des arbres
[Termes IGN] dendrochronologie
[Termes IGN] Finlande
[Termes IGN] limite bioclimatique
[Termes IGN] Pinus sylvestris
[Termes IGN] température
[Vedettes matières IGN] SylvicultureRésumé : (Auteur) Radial and height growth chronologies from 150-year-old and 50-year old Scots pine stands, both located near to the northern timberline in Laanila, Finland (68° 30′ N, 27° 28′ E), were cross-correlated with each other and with mean temperatures of various temperature periods defined as months, days or growing-degree-days. The height-growth chronology correlates significantly with radial growth at lags 1 and 2, and radial growth with height growth at lag 2 when the effect of temperature is omitted. On average, low and high growth years represent cool and warm average growing seasons. The summer temperatures (June, July and August) affect most on growth, but height and radial growth do have a different set of effective temperature periods. Furthermore, July temperature variation affects stronger height than radial growth. Those years with low height/radial-growth ratio, i.e. relatively higher current year’s radial than next year’s height growth, do have lower growth and cooler-than-average July temperature whereas those years with high height/radial-growth ratio do have clearly warmer mid-summer temperatures. Note de contenu : DOI: 10.1051/forest/2009074. Résumé en anglais et français. Bibliogr. Numéro de notice : A2009-616 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1051/forest/2009074 Date de publication en ligne : 25/11/2009 En ligne : https://www.afs-journal.org/articles/forest/full_html/2009/08/f09077/f09077.html Format de la ressource électronique : url article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=72899
in Annals of Forest Science > Vol 66 n° 8 (December 2009) . - n° 810[article]Exemplaires(1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité IFN-001-P000694 PER Revue Nogent-sur-Vernisson Salle périodiques Exclu du prêt Improving the ecologically sustainable forest management behaviour - qualitative frame analysis for argumentation / Kati Vierikko ; Johanna Kohl in Annals of forest research, vol 52 n° 1 (January 2009)PermalinkCollection des résumés des posters in Rendez-vous techniques, Hors-série n° 4 (2008)PermalinkBiodiversity value and the optimal location of forest conservation sites in Southern Finland / Alvar J. I. Kallio in Ecological economics, vol 67 n° 2 (15 September 2008)PermalinkPermalinkAnalyse du référentiel interurbain français / C. André (2008)PermalinkA novel solution of the Finnish NSDI / Tuuli Toivonen in Geoinformatics, vol 10 n° 7 (01/11/2007)PermalinkA spatio-temporal population model to support risk assessment and damage analysis for decision-making / T. Ahola in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 21 n° 8 (september 2007)PermalinkEstimation of local forest attributes, utilizing two-phase sampling and auxiliary data / Sakari Tuominen (2007)PermalinkPermalinkModel-based prediction error uncertainty estimation for K-NN method / H.J. Kim in Remote sensing of environment, vol 104 n° 3 (15/10/2006)Permalink