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Shrub biomass estimates in former burnt areas using Sentinel 2 images processing and classification / Jose Aranha in Forests, vol 11 n° 5 (May 2020)  

Public [article]  inForests > vol 11 n° 5 (May 2020) . - 19 p. Titre : Shrub biomass estimates in former burnt areas using Sentinel 2 images processing and classification Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Jose Aranha, Auteur ; Teresa Enes, Auteur ; Ana Calvão, Auteur ; Hélder Viana, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : 19 p. Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de télédétection [Termes descripteurs IGN] arbuste [Termes descripteurs IGN] biomasse [Termes descripteurs IGN] classification dirigée [Termes descripteurs IGN] gestion forestière [Termes descripteurs IGN] image proche infrarouge [Termes descripteurs IGN] image RVB [Termes descripteurs IGN] image Sentinel-MSI [Termes descripteurs IGN] incendie de forêt [Termes descripteurs IGN] modèle de croissance [Termes descripteurs IGN] Normalized Difference Vegetation Index [Termes descripteurs IGN] Portugal [Termes descripteurs IGN] signature spectrale [Termes descripteurs IGN] sous-bois [Termes descripteurs IGN] système d'information géographique [Termes descripteurs IGN] zone sinistrée Résumé : (auteur) Shrubs growing in former burnt areas play two diametrically opposed roles. On the one hand, they protect the soil against erosion, promote rainwater infiltration, carbon sequestration and support animal life. On the other hand, after the shrubs’ density reaches a particular size for the canopy to touch and the shrubs’ biomass accumulates more than 10 Mg ha−1, they create the necessary conditions for severe wild fires to occur and spread. The creation of a methodology suitable to identify former burnt areas and to track shrubs’ regrowth within these areas in a regular and a multi temporal basis would be beneficial. The combined use of geographical information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) supported by dedicated land survey and field work for data collection has been identified as a suitable method to manage these tasks. The free access to Sentinel images constitutes a valuable tool for updating the GIS project and for the monitoring of regular shrubs’ accumulated biomass. Sentinel 2 VIS-NIR images are suitable to classify rural areas (overall accuracy = 79.6% and Cohen’s K = 0.754) and to create normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) images to be used in association to allometric equations for the shrubs’ biomass estimation (R2 = 0.8984, p-value Numéro de notice : A2020-654 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET/IMAGERIE Nature : Article DOI : 10.3390/f11050555 date de publication en ligne : 14/05/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.3390/f11050555 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=96116 [article]

Testing the generality of below-ground biomass allometry across plant functional types / Keryn I. Paul in Forest ecology and management, vol 432 (15 January 2019)  

Public [article]  inForest ecology and management > vol 432 (15 January 2019) . - pp 102 - 114 Titre : Testing the generality of below-ground biomass allometry across plant functional types Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Keryn I. Paul, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : pp 102 - 114 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation [Termes descripteurs IGN] Acacia (genre) [Termes descripteurs IGN] allométrie [Termes descripteurs IGN] arbuste [Termes descripteurs IGN] Australie [Termes descripteurs IGN] biomasse souterraine [Termes descripteurs IGN] bois sur pied [Termes descripteurs IGN] diamètre des arbres [Termes descripteurs IGN] écosystème forestier [Termes descripteurs IGN] Eucalyptus (genre) [Termes descripteurs IGN] forêt tropicale [Termes descripteurs IGN] modèle fonctionnel [Termes descripteurs IGN] Pinus radiata [Termes descripteurs IGN] puits de carbone [Termes descripteurs IGN] sous-bois Résumé : (auteur) Accurate quantification of below-ground biomass (BGB) of woody vegetation is critical to understanding ecosystem function and potential for climate change mitigation from sequestration of biomass carbon. We compiled 2054 measurements of planted and natural individual tree and shrub biomass from across different regions of Australia (arid shrublands to tropical rainforests) to develop allometric models for prediction of BGB. We found that the relationship between BGB and stem diameter was generic, with a simple power-law model having a BGB prediction efficiency of 72–93% for four broad plant functional types: (i) shrubs and Acacia trees, (ii) multi-stemmed mallee eucalypts, (iii) other trees of relatively high wood density, and; (iv) a species of relatively low wood density, Pinus radiata D. Don. There was little improvement in accuracy of model prediction by including variables (e.g. climatic characteristics, stand age or management) in addition to stem diameter alone. We further assessed the generality of the plant functional type models across 11 contrasting stands where data from whole-plot excavation of BGB were available. The efficiency of model prediction of stand-based BGB was 93%, with a mean absolute prediction error of only 6.5%, and with no improvements in validation results when species-specific models were applied. Given the high prediction performance of the generalised models, we suggest that additional costs associated with the development of new species-specific models for estimating BGB are only warranted when gains in accuracy of stand-based predictions are justifiable, such as for a high-biomass stand comprising only one or two dominant species. However, generic models based on plant functional type should not be applied where stands are dominated by species that are unusual in their morphology and unlikely to conform to the generalised plant functional group models. Numéro de notice : A2019-003 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2018.08.043 date de publication en ligne : 15/09/2018 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.08.043 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=91596 [article]

Responses of the structure and function of the understory plant communities to precipitation reduction across forest ecosystems in Germany / Katja Felsmann in Annals of Forest Science [en ligne], vol 75 n° 1 (March 2018)  

Public [article]  inAnnals of Forest Science [en ligne] > vol 75 n° 1 (March 2018) Titre : Responses of the structure and function of the understory plant communities to precipitation reduction across forest ecosystems in Germany Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Katja Felsmann, Auteur ; Mathias Baudis, Auteur ; Zachary E. Kayler, Auteur ; Heike Puhlmann, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes descripteurs IGN] Allemagne [Termes descripteurs IGN] biodiversité végétale [Termes descripteurs IGN] chaleur [Termes descripteurs IGN] écosystème forestier [Termes descripteurs IGN] sécheresse [Termes descripteurs IGN] sous-bois [Termes descripteurs IGN] strate forestière [Termes descripteurs IGN] surveillance de la végétation [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatique Résumé : (Auteur) Key message: Understory plant communities are essential for the recruitment of trees making up future forests. Independent of plant diversity, the understory across different forest ecosystems shows considerable physiological acclimation and structural stability towards drought events, which are expected to occur more frequently in future. Context: Understory plant communities are essential for the recruitment of trees making up the future forest. It is so far poorly understood how climate change will affect understory in beech and conifer forests managed at different intensity levels. Aims: We hypothesized that drought would affect transpiration and carbon isotope discrimination but not species richness and diversity. Moreover, we assumed that forest management intensity will modify the responses to drought of the understory community. Methods: We set up roofs in forests with a gradient of management intensities (unmanaged beech—managed beech—intensively managed conifer forests) in three regions across Germany. A drought event close to the 2003 drought was imposed in two consecutive years. Results: After 2 years, the realized precipitation reduction was between 27% and 34%. The averaged water content in the top 20 cm of the soil under the roof was reduced by 2% to 8% compared with the control. In the 1st year, leaf level transpiration was reduced for different functional groups, which scaled to community transpiration modified by additional effects of drought on functional group leaf area. Acclimation effects in most functional groups were observed in the 2nd year. Conclusion: Forest understory shows high plasticity at the leaf and community level, and high structural stability to changing climate conditions with drought events. Numéro de notice : A2018-319 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s13595-017-0681-7 date de publication en ligne : 22/12/2017 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-017-0681-7 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=90452 [article]

Waste heaps left by historical Zn-Pb ore mining are hotspots of species diversity of beech forest understory vegetation / Marcin W. Woch in Science of the total environment, vol 599 - 600 (December 2017)  

Public [article]  inScience of the total environment > vol 599 - 600 (December 2017) . - pp 32 - 41 Titre : Waste heaps left by historical Zn-Pb ore mining are hotspots of species diversity of beech forest understory vegetation Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Marcin W. Woch, Auteur ; Anna M. Stefanowicz, Auteur ; Małgorzata Stanek, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : pp 32 - 41 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation [Termes descripteurs IGN] état de conservation [Termes descripteurs IGN] Fagus (genre) [Termes descripteurs IGN] forêt ancienne [Termes descripteurs IGN] hêtraie [Termes descripteurs IGN] métal lourd [Termes descripteurs IGN] mine [Termes descripteurs IGN] placette d'échantillonnage [Termes descripteurs IGN] Pologne [Termes descripteurs IGN] sous-bois Résumé : (auteur) Metalliferous mining and smelting industries are associated with very high levels of heavy metal(loid) contamination of the environment. Heavy metals have been proved to significantly influence the species diversity and composition of grassland communities, but little is known on their effects on forest understory vegetation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the presence of small heaps of waste rock left by historical Zn-Pb ore mining on understory vegetation. The heaps are scattered over vast areas of beech forests in southern Poland. Three types of study plots were established: (1) on waste heaps themselves, (2) in their vicinity (5–10 m from the foot of the heaps, with no waste rock but potentially influenced by the heaps through drainage water), and (3) at least 100 m from the foot of the heaps (pseudo-control). In all plots vegetation parameters, i.e., plant species number, cover and community composition, life forms and strategies, as well as basic soil properties were assessed. Although the heaps contained high concentrations of metals, namely Cd, Pb and Zn, they were characterised by higher cover and diversity of understory vegetation, including ancient forest and endangered species, in comparison to their surroundings. They were also characterised by the distinct species composition of their plant communities. This might have resulted from the beneficial influence of high pH and Ca content originating from waste rock composed of dolomite and calcite, as well as from increased habitat heterogeneity, e.g. soil skeleton and steeper slopes. Another important factor influencing the richness and composition of understory was tree cover, which relates to the light transmissibility of the canopy. Our study proved that the disturbance brought about by the former mining and processing of metal ores led to the formation of species-rich understory with high frequency and cover of naturally-valuable species. Numéro de notice : A2017-194 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : BIODIVERSITE/FORET Nature : Article En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.197 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=84836 [article]

Mapping the height and spatial cover of features beneath the forest canopy at small-scales using airborne scanning discrete return Lidar / Matthew Sumnall in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 133 (November 2017)  

Public [article]  inISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing > vol 133 (November 2017) . - pp 186 - 200 Titre : Mapping the height and spatial cover of features beneath the forest canopy at small-scales using airborne scanning discrete return Lidar Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Matthew Sumnall, Auteur ; Thomas R. Fox, Auteur ; Randolph H. Wynne, Auteur ; Valerie A. Thomas, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : pp 186 - 200 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Lasergrammétrie [Termes descripteurs IGN] couvert forestier [Termes descripteurs IGN] données lidar [Termes descripteurs IGN] données localisées 3D [Termes descripteurs IGN] estimation statistique [Termes descripteurs IGN] Etats-Unis [Termes descripteurs IGN] hauteur des arbres [Termes descripteurs IGN] inventaire forestier (techniques et méthodes) [Termes descripteurs IGN] lidar à retour d'onde complète [Termes descripteurs IGN] pinophyta [Termes descripteurs IGN] Pinus taeda [Termes descripteurs IGN] sous-bois Résumé : (Auteur) The objective of the current study was to develop methods for estimating the height and horizontal coverage of the forest understorey using airborne Lidar data in three managed pine plantation forest typical of the south eastern USA. The current project demonstrates a two-step approach applied automatically across a given study site extent. The first operation divided the study site extent into a regularly spaced grid (25 × 25 m) and identified the potential height range of the main Loblolly pine canopy layer for each grid-cell through aggregating Lidar return height measurements into a ‘stack’ of vertical height bins describing the frequency of returns by height. Once height bins were created, the resulting vertical distributions were smoothed with a regression curve line function and the main canopy vertical layer was identified through the detection of local maxima and minima. The second operation sub-divided the 25 × 25 m grid-cell into 1 × 1 m horizontal grid, for which height-bin stacks were created for each cell. Vertical features below the main canopy were then identified at this scale in the same manner as in the previous step, and classified as understorey features if they were lower in height than the 25 × 25 m estimate of the main canopy layer. The heights of the tallest understorey and sub-canopy layers were kept, and used to produce a rasterized map of the understorey layer height at the 1 × 1 m scale. Lidar derived estimates of the 25 × 25 m lowest vertical extent of the coniferous canopy correlated highly with field data (R2 0.87; RMSE 2.1 m). Estimates of understorey horizontal cover ranged from R2 0.80 to 0.90 (RMSE 6.6–11.7%), and maximum understorey layer height ranged from R2 0.69 to 0.80 (RMSE 1.6–3.4 m) for the three study sites. The automated method deployed within the current study proved sufficient in determining the presence and absence of vegetation and artificial structures within the understorey portion of the current forest context, in addition to height and horizontal cover to a reasonable accuracy. Issues were encountered within older stands (e.g. more than 30 years old) where understorey deciduous vegetation layers intersected with the coniferous canopy layer, resulting in an underestimation of sub-dominant heights. Numéro de notice : A2017-726 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2017.10.002 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2017.10.002 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=88411 [article]

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