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Semantic interoperability of distributed geo-services / Robert Lemmens (2006)
Titre : Semantic interoperability of distributed geo-services Type de document : Monographie Auteurs : Robert Lemmens, Auteur Editeur : Delft : Netherlands Geodetic Commission NGC Année de publication : 2006 Collection : Netherlands Geodetic Commission Publications on Geodesy, ISSN 0165-1706 num. 63 Importance : 291 p. Format : 17 x 24 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-90-6132-298-6 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Infrastructure de données
[Termes IGN] architecture client-serveur
[Termes IGN] base de connaissances
[Termes IGN] diffusion de données
[Termes IGN] hétérogénéité sémantique
[Termes IGN] infrastructure mondiale des données localisées
[Termes IGN] intégration de données
[Termes IGN] interopérabilité sémantique
[Termes IGN] logiciel libre
[Termes IGN] modèle sémantique de données
[Termes IGN] ontologie
[Termes IGN] OWL
[Termes IGN] prototype
[Termes IGN] réseau sémantique
[Termes IGN] service de géoinformation
[Termes IGN] service fondé sur la position
[Termes IGN] service web géographique
[Termes IGN] système d'information géographiqueRésumé : (Auteur) The last two decades have shown a major shift from stand-alone software systems to networked ones. As with all information system domains, Geographic Information Systems (GISs) have been influenced to a large extent by recent internet developments, resulting in an increasing availability of client/server applications using distributed geo-(web-)services, such as interactive maps, route planners and gazetteers. There is an increasing need for organisations to perform on demand geo-processing tasks by integrating and reusing geo-information and geo-services from within and outside the organisation. These activities are typically performed in the context of so called Geo-Information Infrastructures (GIls).
The process of integrating services is commonly referred to as service chaining. This requires that services can be easily found, and that they are executable and interoperable. Interoperability means that the services 'understand' each other's messages. A major impediment is formed by the semantic heterogeneity (the differences in meaning) of geo-information and of the functionality of geo-services. Making services semantically interoperable is an important prerequisite for information sharing in today's networked society. This involves services that rely on different knowledge domains, one of which is the geo-information domain.
Within this context, the research presented in this thesis provides solutions for the computer-aided integration of distributed heterogeneous geo-information and geo-services, based on their semantics (the meaning of their content).
Geo-information distinguishes from other information by its spatial relevance. Geo-services often have to deal integrally with multiple-representations of features in a spatial, temporal and thematic dimension. Geo-services are also implicitly connected by the geographic location of the features they process. This has implications for the interoperability of geo-services. For example, the validity of a service (e.g., a routeplanner) may be bound to a specific geographic area, which could imply it cannot be used in combination with services involving another validity area. On the contrary, services that seem to be incompatible due to differences in feature representation (e.g., geometry, coordinate reference system), may turn out to be useful in combination, because they contain information on the same locations.
On demand geo-processing requires services and the meta-information that describes the services to be available at the time a task is being executed. Moreover, the service descriptions should be based on commonly agreed rules for service characterisation. Inter-service contracts that contain such rules may result in service interoperability and this can be achieved at three levels: syntax, structure and semantics. The influential specifications of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) and the ISO 19100 series of standards, implement formal contracts on the syntactical and structural level, but they prescribe only informal contracting at the semantic level. Despite their rigid conceptualisation, they lack a machine-accessible formalisation that supports the specification of semantics for geo-information and geo-services. This research has developed such a formalisation, which is specified in a so called semantic interoperability framework. In this framework a key role is played by machine ontologies, which are machine-accessible representations of knowledge that are used for inferring intra- and inter-resource relationships. Recent research efforts in the field of the Semantic Web have contributed considerably to the deployment of ontology-based applications by providing a theoretical foundation (Description Logics), ontology languages (e.g., the Web Ontology Language (OWL)), and tools for ontology creation, access and reasoning with web-based (machine) ontologies. The power of web-based ontologies lies in their interoperable (XML based) representation, the use of unique namespaces and the fact that they allow for automated reasoning.
The semantic interoperability framework developed in this research, contains (1) geo-information modelling ontologies which are based on the ISO General Feature Model, (2) domain specific ontologies (amongst others, one which is based on a data model used by the Dutch Topographic Service), and (3) a geo-operation modelling ontology. The latter is based on a geo-operation taxonomy, an input/output parameter characterisation and a workflow model. The taxonomy and parameter characterisation have been developed as part of this research, the workflow model is based on OWL-S, an OWL-based upper ontology for web services.
Ontology-based service descriptions have been created in the context of four use cases in the following areas: (1) information model integration for risk mapping, (2) ad hoc data integration in a disaster emergency situation, (3) reuse of geo-data and geo-services in scientific research, and (4) ad hoc integration of travel services. The ontology-based descriptions are used as representations of service requests and advertisements in a matchmaking process. The matchmaking is performed by an ontology reasoner which can infer implicit relationships that exist in a knowledge base containing service descriptions as sets of concepts. The reasoner is implemented together with the ontologies in a prototype environment. Except for the reasoner, this has been carried out with open source software. Within this environment, basic matchmaking has been successfully performed to support data set integration and service chaining. This has been demonstrated by tests implementing the aforementioned use cases.
The offered solution is flexible and extensible. With respect to flexibility, the research demonstrates the use of incomplete service descriptions. With respect to extensibility, the research shows how service descriptions can be extended with new concepts. It is also demonstrated how existing application domains can be linked through ontology mappings. In the process of service chaining, four steps have been identified, i.e., discovery, abstract composition, concrete composition and execution. The link between the abstract and concrete composition of services is realised by annotation, which connects ontology elements with parameters of executable code. For one of the use cases, this code has been deployed in a prototype software application (the latter being part of an external research effort).
There are also limitations to the approach followed, which are partly due to the limitations of OWL and reasoning with it, i.e., with respect to spatial reasoning and the use of metaclasses. In addition, the current prototype environment has several shortcomings: (1) constraints of the user-interfaces (entering service descriptions in Description Logics is still rather complex), (2) the inflexibility of the reasoning implementation and (3) the incompleteness of mappings between domain ontologies, all of which are thought to be surmountable.
A number of recommendations are made for the improvement of the current design and implementation of the interoperability framework, such as the incorporation of: meta-information propagation, concept similarity quantifiers and result ranking in the matchmaking process. The deployment of the approach requires key organisations such as OGC to develop and maintain domain independent parts of a semantic interoperability framework and organisations with a GIl mandate to manage its domain dependent parts.
Application fields that are thought to benefit from the presented approach in the short term are, amongst others: service discovery and chaining in GII, harmonisation of geo-information models, multiple-representation of geo-information, profile matching of geo-service users, documentation of geo-processing history (lineage), and quality assessment of meta-information. The target groups of this research are firstly geo-information engineers who are confronted with information integration issues and service interoperability issues, and secondly, information engineers in general confronted with distributed information and with end users that need to access distributed services as one virtual application.Note de contenu : Abstract
Samenvatting
Acknowledgements
1 Why interoperability is important
1.1 Research context and motivation
1.2 Research objectives
1.3 Research approach
1.4 Related work
1.5 Thesis outline
2 Interoperable distributed services
2.1 Distributed processing paradigms
2.2 Interoperability and heterogeneity
2.3 Overcoming heterogeneity by contract
2.4 Interoperability models
2.5 Geo-services
2.6 Geo-service use cases
2.7 Summary and reflection
3 Service models for discovery, composition and execution
3.1 Information modelling
3.2 Process modelling
3.3 Service chaining
3.4 Summary and reflection
4 Semantic modelling
4.1 What is an ontology?
4.2 Foundations for machine ontology
4.3 Ontology design and creation
4.4 Ontology representations and notation
4.5 Reasoning with a knowledge base
4.6 Semantic interoperability frameworks
4.7 Semantic web services
4.8 Geo-semantic modelling and spatial relevance
4.9 Summary and reflection
5 Semantic interoperability framework for geo-services
5.1 Semantic framework overview
5.2 Feature symbol ontology
5.3 Feature concept ontologies
5.4 Geo-operation characterisations ? OPERA
5.5 OPERA-R ? Feature processing operations
5.6 Geo-service descriptions
5.7 Summary and reflection
6 Geo-information matching and service chaining
6.1 Example: Riskmap chain
6.2 Semantic modelling of geo-service chains
6.3 Derived operations and ontology mappings
6.4 Matchmaking
6.5 Summary and reflection
7 Use case implementations
7.1 Riskmap NL
7.2 Emergency 112
7.3 Research Net
7.4 Travel Google
7.5 Summary and reflection
8 Implementation of prototypes: OnToGeo and GeoMatchMaker
8.1 Practical design and implementation issues of OnToGeo
8.2 Workbench tools
8.3 GeoMatchMaker, an integrated prototype
8.4 Creating service descriptions
8.5 Summary and reflection
9 Conclusions and recommendations
9.1 Summary and reflection
9.2 Conclusions
9.3 Main contributions
9.4 Deployment
9.5 Recommendations for further work
A UML notation
B ISO 19100 overview
C OPERA-R geo-operation types
C.I Human interaction operations
C.2 Feature modelling
C.3 Feature access
C.4 Feature processing
C.5 Feature presentation manipulation
C.6 Service creation and management
C.7 Service execution
C.8 Metalnfo creation and storage management
C.9 Metalnfo processing
C.10 Metalnfo presentation manipulation
D OPERA-R
I/O parameters for feature processing operations
E ADL Gazetteer OWL service description
F ADL Gazetteer WSDL service description
G ISO 19119 mappingNuméro de notice : 15204 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Monographie Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=55094 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 15204-01 37.00 Livre Centre de documentation Géomatique Disponible 15204-02 37.00 Livre Centre de documentation Géomatique Disponible Map-aided GPS navigation: linking vehicles and maps to support location-based services / S. Syed in GPS world, vol 16 n° 11 (November 2005)
[article]
Titre : Map-aided GPS navigation: linking vehicles and maps to support location-based services Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : S. Syed, Auteur ; E. Cannon, Auteur Année de publication : 2005 Article en page(s) : pp 39 - 44 Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de géodésie spatiale
[Termes IGN] carte routière
[Termes IGN] géonavigateur
[Termes IGN] GPS assisté pour la navigation (technologies)
[Termes IGN] logique floue
[Termes IGN] navigation à l'estime
[Termes IGN] navigation automobile
[Termes IGN] service fondé sur la positionRésumé : (Editeur) Installed GPS navigation systems are becoming popular options for new car buyers. And many aftermarket, portable, and PDA- or cell phone-based systems are available in the marketplace. A basic GPS navigation system can provide continuous, accurate navigation, except when the GPS signals are blocked by buildings, tunnels, or other obstructions or when multipath or interference reduces position accuracy. A factory-installed system might include additional sensors such as an odometer or gyroscope to provide dead-reckoning navigation when GPS signals are lacking. Another aid to accurate navigation is map-matching in which the computed position fix is snapped onto the nearest road. However, depending on the fix error and the density of the road network, the system may or may not snap the fix onto the correct road. In this month's column, guest authors Syed and Cannon examine a novel technique that tightly integrates information from accurate maps with raw GPS and gyro data to determine a vehicle's position. Using classic statistical theory and fuzzy logic algorithms, the technique improved vehicle navigation accuracy in an urban canyon setting by more than 30 percent. Copyright Questex Media Group Inc Numéro de notice : A2005-581 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article DOI : sans Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=27716
in GPS world > vol 16 n° 11 (November 2005) . - pp 39 - 44[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 067-05111 SL Revue Centre de documentation Revues en salle Disponible Egocentric design of map-based mobile services / L. Meng in Cartographic journal (the), vol 42 n° 1 (June 2005)
[article]
Titre : Egocentric design of map-based mobile services Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : L. Meng, Auteur Année de publication : 2005 Article en page(s) : pp 5 - 13 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Cartographie numérique
[Termes IGN] cartographie numérique
[Termes IGN] cartographie par internet
[Termes IGN] conception cartographique
[Termes IGN] interface utilisateur
[Termes IGN] service fondé sur la position
[Termes IGN] utilisateur civilRésumé : (Auteur) In contrast to geocentric maps that remain up-to-date for a relatively long period and aim at communicating geoinformation in a balanced way to diverse users, egocentric maps are intended for short-term usage and individual users. There is an increasing awareness of egocentric map design for mobile applications - a phenomenon resulted from the rapid technical progresses and the growing demand on personalised geoservices. Some design patterns of egocentric maps in stationary cartographic systems are reusable and adaptable to mobile usage context, with the immediate usability being the essential constraint drawing together the research challenges involved in the design process. Numéro de notice : A2005-333 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1179/000870405X57275 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1179/000870405X57275 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=27469
in Cartographic journal (the) > vol 42 n° 1 (June 2005) . - pp 5 - 13[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 030-05011 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible Influence of technology, law, and usability on data quality / Gerhard Navratil (2005)
Titre : Influence of technology, law, and usability on data quality Type de document : Guide/Manuel Auteurs : Gerhard Navratil, Auteur Editeur : Vienne [Autriche] : Vienna University of Technology Année de publication : 2005 Collection : GeoInfo series num. 30 Importance : 166 p. Format : 15 x 21 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-901716-32-4 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Information géographique
[Termes IGN] cadastre étranger
[Termes IGN] diffusion de données
[Termes IGN] droit
[Termes IGN] droit administratif
[Termes IGN] interopérabilité
[Termes IGN] qualité des données
[Termes IGN] service fondé sur la positionNote de contenu :
1 Quality of geographic information
2 How laws affect data quality
3 Complexity vs. security in the Austrian land register
4 Influences affecting data quality
5 Modelling influences on data quality with possibity-distributions
6 Using cadastral data - how precise do we need the boundary?
7 Interoperability: Standardizing European cadastral systems - Is it possible?
8 What makes location-Based Services fail?
9 Conclusions and outlookNuméro de notice : 15932 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Manuel Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81229 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 15932-01 37.00 Livre Centre de documentation Géomatique Disponible Map-based mobile services / L. Meng (2005)
Titre : Map-based mobile services : theories, methods and implementations Type de document : Monographie Auteurs : L. Meng, Éditeur scientifique ; Alexander Zipf, Éditeur scientifique ; Tumasch Reichenbacher, Éditeur scientifique Editeur : Berlin, Heidelberg, Vienne, New York, ... : Springer Année de publication : 2005 Importance : 260 p. Format : 16 x 24 cm + 1 cédérom ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-540-23055-7 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géomatique
[Termes IGN] cartographie pour écran mobile
[Termes IGN] géomatique web
[Termes IGN] service fondé sur la positionRésumé : (Editeur) The book is divided into three parts: theory, method and implementation. Starting with a summary of the state-of-the-art in mobile technologies, the first part analyses their impacts on cartography and pinpoints the missing theories concerned with the development of map-based mobile services. A conceptual framework of mobile cartography is then introduced with the emphasis on mobile usage context. The second part is devoted to the design methodology under the constraints defined in the theoretical framework. A core issue deals with personalised mobile map services. The final part demonstrates the feasibility of the methods by using application scenarios. The accompanying CD-ROM contains the PDF-Files in colour. Note de contenu : 1. Map-based mobile services
2. Portrayal and Generalisation of Point Maps for Mobile Information Services
3. Activity and Context - A Conceptual Framework for Mobile Geoservices
4. Effectiveness and efficiency of tourism maps in the World Wide Web and their potential for mobile map services
5. The Cognitive Reality of Schematic Maps
6. Adaptive Visualisation of Landmarks using an MRDB
7. Ego centres of mobile users and egocentric map design
8. Adaptation to Context – A Way to Improve the Usability of Mobile Maps
9. Focalizing Measures of Salience for Wayfinding
10. Adaptive egocentric maps for mobile users
11. Cartographic Location Based Services
12. XML in Service Architectures for Mobile Cartographic Applications
13. A Survey of Map-based Mobile Guides
14. Position Determination of Reference Points in Surveying
15. Dynamic 3D Maps for Mobile Tourism Applications
16. Designing electronic maps: an ethnographic approachNuméro de notice : 20558 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Recueil / ouvrage collectif Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=41805 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 20558-01 37.00 Livre Centre de documentation Géomatique Disponible Proceedings of the GIS Research UK, 13th Annual Conference, GISRUK 2005, 6-8 April 2005, Geography & Geomatics, University of Glasgow / Roland Billen (2005)PermalinkL'avenir en géolocalisation / Anonyme in Géomatique expert, n° 38 (01/11/2004)PermalinkHeading in the right direction? / J. Angelides in GEO:connexion, vol 3 n° 8 (september 2004)PermalinkMobile tourism information system: directions in the palm of your hand / A. Almer in Geoinformatics, vol 7 n° 3 (01/04/2004)PermalinkOrdnance survey gears up for the next generation of transport solutions: on the road ahead! / S. Sinclair in Geoinformatics, vol 7 n° 3 (01/04/2004)PermalinkPosition via Internet: SISNeT catches GPS in urban canyons / F. Toran in GPS world, vol 15 n° 4 (April 2004)PermalinkGeoinformatics 2004, vol. 1. Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Geoinformatics, Geospatial Information Research : bridging the Pacific and Atlantic, University of Gävle, Sweden, 7-9 June 2004 / S. Anders Brandt (2004)PermalinkLocation-Based Services / Jochen Schiller (2004)PermalinkLocation based services and fleet management: removing the entry barrier / E. Beinat in Geoinformatics, vol 7 n° 1 (01/01/2004)PermalinkPreventing interruptions in mobile map reading process by personnalisation / Annu-Maaria Nivala (2004)Permalink