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Nonparametric upscaling of bark beetle infestations and management from plot to landscape level by combining individual-based with Markov chain models / Bruno Walter Pietzsch in European Journal of Forest Research, vol 142 n° 1 (February 2023)  

Public [article]  inEuropean Journal of Forest Research > vol 142 n° 1 (February 2023) . - pp 129 - 144 Titre : Nonparametric upscaling of bark beetle infestations and management from plot to landscape level by combining individual-based with Markov chain models Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Bruno Walter Pietzsch, Auteur ; Chris Wudel, Auteur ; Uta Berger, Auteur Année de publication : 2023 Article en page(s) : pp 129 - 144 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] Allemagne [Termes IGN] chaîne de Markov [Termes IGN] dépérissement [Termes IGN] insecte nuisible [Termes IGN] métamodèle [Termes IGN] modèle de simulation [Termes IGN] Picea abies [Termes IGN] santé des forêts [Termes IGN] Scolytinae [Termes IGN] Suisse [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatique Résumé : (auteur) Linked to climate change, drivers such as increased temperatures and decreased water availability affect forest health in complex ways by simultaneously weakening tree vitality and promoting insect pest activity. One major beneficiary of climate-induced changes is the European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus). To improve the mechanistic understanding of climate change impacts on long-term beetle infestation risks, individual-based simulation models (IBM) such as the bark beetle dispersion model IPS-SPREADS have been proven as effective tools. However, the computational costs of IBMs limit their spatial scale of application. While these tools are best suitable to simulate bark beetle dynamics on the plot level, upscaling the process to larger areas is challenging. The larger spatial scale is, nevertheless, often required to support the selection of adequate management intervention. Here, we introduce a novel two-step approach to address this challenge: (1) we use the IPS-SPREADS model to simulate the bark beetle dispersal at a local scale by dividing the research area into 250 × 250 m grid cells; and (2) we then apply a metamodel framework to upscale the results to the landscape level. The metamodel is based on Markov chains derived from the infestation probabilities of IPS-SPREADS results and extended by considering neighbor interaction and spruce dieback of each focal cell. We validated the metamodel by comparing its predictions with infestations observed in 2017 and 2018 in the Saxon Switzerland national park, Germany, and tested sanitation felling as a measure to prevent potential further outbreaks in the region. Validation showed an improvement in predictions by introducing the model extension of beetle spreading from one cell to another. The metamodel forecasts indicated an increase in the risk of infestation for adjacent forest areas. In case of a beetle mass outbreak, sanitation felling intensities of 80 percent and above seem to mitigate further outbreak progression. Numéro de notice : A2023-139 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1007/s10342-022-01512-1 Date de publication en ligne : 29/10/2022 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-022-01512-1 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=102694 [article]

Features predisposing forest to bark beetle outbreaks and their dynamics during drought / M. Müller in Forest ecology and management, vol 523 (November-1 2022)  

Public [article]  inForest ecology and management > vol 523 (November-1 2022) . - n° 120480 Titre : Features predisposing forest to bark beetle outbreaks and their dynamics during drought Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : M. Müller, Auteur ; P.O. Olsson, Auteur ; Lars Eklundh, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : n° 120480 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] analyse des risques [Termes IGN] canopée [Termes IGN] caractérisation [Termes IGN] changement climatique [Termes IGN] classification par forêts d'arbres décisionnels [Termes IGN] données météorologiques [Termes IGN] humidité du sol [Termes IGN] peuplement mélangé [Termes IGN] Picea abies [Termes IGN] Scolytinae [Termes IGN] sécheresse [Termes IGN] Suède [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatique Résumé : (auteur) Climate change is estimated to increase the risk of the bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) mass outbreaks in Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) forests. Habitats that are thermally suitable for bark beetles may expand, and an increase in the frequency and intensity of droughts can promote drought stress on host trees. Drought affects tree vigor and in unison with environmental features it influences the local predisposition risk of forest stands to bark beetle attacks. We aimed to study how various environmental features influence the risk of bark beetle attacks during a drought year and the following years with more normal weather conditions but with higher bark beetle populations. We included features representing local forest stand attributes, topography, soil type and wetness, the proximity of clear-cuts and previous bark beetle attacks, and a machine learning algorithm (random forest) was applied to study the variation of predisposition risk across a 48,600 km2 study area in SE Sweden. Forest stands with increased risk of bark beetle attack were distinguished with high accuracy both during drought and in normal weather conditions. The results show that during both study periods, spruce and mixed coniferous forests had elevated risk of attack, while forests with a mix of deciduous and coniferous trees had a lower risk. Forests with high average canopy height were strongly predisposed to bark beetle attacks. However, during the drought year risk was more similar between stands with lower and higher canopy height, suggesting that during drought periods younger trees can be predisposed to bark beetle attacks. The importance of soil moisture and position within the local landscape were highlighted as important features during the drought year. Identifying areas with increased risk, supported by information on how environmental features control the predisposition risk during drought, could aid adaptation strategies and forest management intervention efforts. We conclude that geospatial data and machine learning have the potential to further support the digitalization of the forest industry, facilitating development of methods capable to quantify importance and dynamics of environmental features controlling the risk in local context. Corresponding methods could help to direct management actions more effectively and offer information for decision-making in changing climate. Numéro de notice : A2022-731 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120480 Date de publication en ligne : 07/09/2022 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120480 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=101687 [article]

How large-scale bark beetle infestations influence the protective effects of forest stands against avalanches: A case study in the Swiss Alps / Marion E. Caduff in Forest ecology and management, vol 514 (June-15 2022)  

Public [article]  inForest ecology and management > vol 514 (June-15 2022) . - n° 120201 Titre : How large-scale bark beetle infestations influence the protective effects of forest stands against avalanches: A case study in the Swiss Alps Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Marion E. Caduff, Auteur ; Natalie Brožová, Auteur ; Andrea D. Kupferschmid, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : n° 120201 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de télédétection [Termes IGN] Alpes [Termes IGN] avalanche [Termes IGN] bois mort [Termes IGN] dépérissement [Termes IGN] image à haute résolution [Termes IGN] modèle de simulation [Termes IGN] orthophotographie [Termes IGN] protection des forêts [Termes IGN] régénération (sylviculture) [Termes IGN] risque naturel [Termes IGN] santé des forêts [Termes IGN] Scolytinae [Termes IGN] Suisse [Termes IGN] xylophage Résumé : (auteur) Large-scale bark beetle outbreaks in spruce dominated mountain forests have increased in recent decades, and this trend is expected to continue in the future. These outbreaks have immediate and major effects on forest structure and ecosystem services. However, it remains unclear how forests recover from bark beetle infestations over the long term, and how different recovery stages fulfil the capacity of forests to protect infrastructures and human lives from natural hazards. The aim of this study was to investigate how a bark beetle infestation (1992–1997) in a spruce dominated forest in the Swiss Alps changed the forest structure and its protective function against snow avalanches. In 2020, i.e. 27 years after the peak of the outbreak, we re-surveyed the composition and height of new trees, as well as the deadwood height and degree of decay in an area that had been surveyed 20 years earlier. With the help of remote sensing data and avalanche simulations, we assessed the protective effect against avalanches before the disturbances (in 1985) and in 1997, 2007, 2014 and 2019 for a frequent (30-year return period) and an extreme (300-year return period) avalanche scenario. Post-disturbance regeneration led to a young forest that was again dominated by spruce 27 years after the outbreak, with median tree heights of 3–4 m and a crown cover of 10–30%. Deadwood covered 20–25% of the forest floor and was mainly in decay stages two and three out of five. Snags had median heights of 1.4 m, leaning logs 0.5 m and lying logs 0.3 m. The protective effect of the forest was high before the bark beetle outbreak and decreased during the first years of infestation (until 1997), mainly in the case of extreme avalanche events. The protective capacity reached an overall minimum in 2007 as a result of many forest openings. It partially recovered by 2014 and further increased by 2019, thanks to forest regeneration. Simulation results and a lack of avalanche releases since the infestation indicate that the protective capacity of post-disturbance forest stands affected by bark beetle may often be underestimated. Numéro de notice : A2022-349 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET/IMAGERIE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120201 Date de publication en ligne : 08/04/2022 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120201 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=100536 [article]

Natural disturbances risks in European boreal and temperate forests and their links to climate change : A review of modelling approaches / Joyce Machado Nunes Romeiro in Forest ecology and management, vol 509 (April-1 2022)  

Public [article]  inForest ecology and management > vol 509 (April-1 2022) . - n° 120071 Titre : Natural disturbances risks in European boreal and temperate forests and their links to climate change : A review of modelling approaches Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Joyce Machado Nunes Romeiro, Auteur ; Tron Eid, Auteur ; Clara Antón-Fernández, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : n° 120071 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] changement climatique [Termes IGN] dommage forestier causé par facteurs naturels [Termes IGN] foresterie [Termes IGN] forêt boréale [Termes IGN] forêt tempérée [Termes IGN] gelée [Termes IGN] gestion forestière adaptative [Termes IGN] incendie de forêt [Termes IGN] maladie parasitaire [Termes IGN] modèle de simulation [Termes IGN] modélisation [Termes IGN] risque naturel [Termes IGN] Scolytinae [Termes IGN] sécheresse [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatique Résumé : (auteur) It is expected that European Boreal and Temperate forests will be greatly affected by climate change, causing natural disturbances to increase in frequency and severity. To detangle how, through forest management, we can make forests less vulnerable to the impact of natural disturbances, we need to include the risks of such disturbances in our decision-making tools. The present review investigates: i) how the most important forestry-related natural disturbances are linked to climate change, and ii) different modelling approaches that assess the risks of natural disturbances and their applicability for large-scale forest management planning. Global warming will decrease frozen soil periods, which increases root rot, snow, ice and wind damage, cascading into an increment of bark beetle damage. Central Europe will experience a decrease in precipitation and increase in temperature, which lowers tree defenses against bark beetles and increases root rot infestations. Ice and wet snow damages are expected to increase in Northern Boreal forests, and to reduce in Temperate and Southern Boreal forests. However, lack of snow cover may increase cases of frost-damaged seedlings. The increased temperatures and drought periods, together with a fuel increment from other disturbances, likely enhance wildfire risk, especially for Temperate forests. For the review of European modelling approaches, thirty-nine disturbance models were assessed and categorized according to their required input variables and to the models’ outputs. Probability models are usually common for all disturbance model approaches, however, models that predict disturbance effects seem to be scarce. Numéro de notice : A2022-190 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET/MATHEMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120071 Date de publication en ligne : 10/02/2022 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120071 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=99946 [article]

Landsat-based monitoring of southern pine beetle infestation severity and severity change in a temperate mixed forest / Ran Meng in Remote sensing of environment, vol 269 (February 2022)  

Public [article]  inRemote sensing of environment > vol 269 (February 2022) . - n° 112847 Titre : Landsat-based monitoring of southern pine beetle infestation severity and severity change in a temperate mixed forest Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Ran Meng, Auteur ; Renjie Gao, Auteur ; Feng Zhao, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : n° 112847 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de télédétection [Termes IGN] analyse spatiale [Termes IGN] dépérissement [Termes IGN] forêt tempérée [Termes IGN] image Landsat-8 [Termes IGN] insecte nuisible [Termes IGN] mortalité [Termes IGN] peuplement mélangé [Termes IGN] Scolytinae [Termes IGN] signature spectrale [Termes IGN] surveillance forestière [Termes IGN] xylophage Résumé : (auteur) The recent northward expansion of Southern Pine Beetle (SPB) outbreaks associated with warming winters has caused extensive tree mortality in temperate pine forests, significantly affecting forest dynamics, structure, and functioning. Spatially-explicit early warning and detection of SPB-induced tree mortality is critical for timely and sustainable forest management practices. The unique contributions of remote sensing technologies to mapping the location, extent, and severity of beetle outbreaks, as well as assisting in analyzing the potential drivers for outbreak predictions, have been well recognized. However, little is known about the performance of moderate resolution satellite multispectral imagery for early warning and detection of SPB-induced tree mortality. Thus, we conducted this study, as the first attempt, to capture the spatial-temporal patterns of SPB infestation severity at the regional scale and to understand the underlying environmental drivers in a spatially-explicit manner. First, we explored the spectral signatures of SPB-killed trees based on 30-m plot measurements and Landsat-8 imagery. Then, to improve detection accuracy for areas with low-moderate SPB infestation severity, we added spectral-temporal anomaly information in the form of a linear trend of the spectral index trajectory to a previously developed approach. The best overall accuracy increased from 84.7% to 90.1% and the best Macro F1 value increased from 0.832 to 0.900. Next, we compared the performances of spectral indices in mapping SPB infestation severity (i.e., % red stage within the 30-m grid cell). The results showed that the combination of Normalized Difference Moisture Index and Tasseled Cap Greenness had the best performance for mapping SPB infestation severity (2016: R2 = 0.754; RSME = 15.7; 2017: R2 = 0.787; RSME = 12.4). Finally, we found that climatic and landscape variables can explain the detected patterns of SPB infestation from 2014 to 2017 in our study area (R2 = 0.751; RSME = 9.67), providing valuable insights on possible predictors for early warning of SPB infestation. Specifically, in our study area, winter dew point temperature was found to be one of the most important predictors, followed by SPB infestation locations in the previous year, canopy cover of host species, elevation, and slope. In the context of continued global warming, our study not only provides a novel framework for efficient, spatially-explicit, and quantitative measurements of forest damage induced by SPB infestation over large scales, but also uncovers opportunities to predict future SPB outbreaks and take precautions against it. Numéro de notice : A2022-096 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET/IMAGERIE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.rse.2021.112847 Date de publication en ligne : 15/12/2021 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112847 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=99538 [article]

Early detection of forest stress from European spruce bark beetle attack, and a new vegetation index: Normalized distance red & SWIR (NDRS) / Langning Huo in Remote sensing of environment, Vol 255 (March 2021)  

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Est-il possible de tirer des enseignements des introductions anciennes d'agents pathogènes ? L'exemple de la graphiose de l'orme / Dominique Piou in Revue forestière française, vol 70 n° 6 (2018)  

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La forêt face aux tempêtes / Yves Birot (2009)

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Les problèmes sanitaires d'actualité en hêtraie : la maladie du hêtre dans les Ardennes / Louis-Michel Nageleisen in Revue forestière française, vol 57 n° 2 (août 2005)  

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