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Deep learning for wildfire progression monitoring using SAR and optical satellite image time series / Puzhao Zhang (2021)  

Public Titre : Deep learning for wildfire progression monitoring using SAR and optical satellite image time series Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Puzhao Zhang, Auteur Editeur : Stockholm : Royal Institute of Technology Année de publication : 2021 Importance : 100 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-91-7873-935-6 Note générale : bibliographie Doctoral Thesis in Geoinformatics Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement d'image mixte [Termes IGN] Alberta (Canada) [Termes IGN] apprentissage profond [Termes IGN] bande C [Termes IGN] Californie (Etats-Unis) [Termes IGN] classification par réseau neuronal convolutif [Termes IGN] Colombie-Britannique (Canada) [Termes IGN] détection de changement [Termes IGN] gestion des risques [Termes IGN] image radar moirée [Termes IGN] image Sentinel-SAR [Termes IGN] incendie de forêt [Termes IGN] série temporelle [Termes IGN] surveillance forestière [Termes IGN] Sydney (Nouvelle-Galles du Sud) [Termes IGN] zone sinistrée Résumé : (auteur) Wildfires have coexisted with human societies for more than 350 million years, always playing an important role in affecting the Earth's surface and climate. Across the globe, wildfires are becoming larger, more frequent, and longer-duration, and tend to be more destructive both in lives lost and economic costs, because of climate change and human activities. To reduce the damages from such destructive wildfires, it is critical to track wildfire progressions in near real-time, or even real-time. Satellite remote sensing enables cost-effective, accurate, and timely monitoring on the wildfire progressions over vast geographic areas. The free availability of global coverage Landsat-8 and Sentinel-1/2 data opens the new era for global land surface monitoring, providing an opportunity to analyze wildfire impacts around the globe. The advances in both cloud computing and deep learning empower the automatic interpretation of spatio-temporal remote sensing big data on a large scale. The overall objective of this thesis is to investigate the potential of modern medium resolution earth observation data, especially Sentinel-1 C-Band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data, in wildfire monitoring and develop operational and effective approaches for real-world applications. This thesis systematically analyzes the physical basis of earth observation data for wildfire applications, and critically reviews the available wildfire burned area mapping methods in terms of satellite data, such as SAR, optical, and SAR-Optical fusion. Taking into account its great power in learning useful representations, deep learning is adopted as the main tool to extract wildfire-induced changes from SAR and optical image time series. On a regional scale, this thesis has conducted the following four fundamental studies that may have the potential to further pave the way for achieving larger scale or even global wildfire monitoring applications. To avoid manual selection of temporal indices and to highlight wildfire-induced changes in burned areas, we proposed an implicit radar convolutional burn index (RCBI), with which we assessed the roles of Sentinel-1 C-Band SAR intensity and phase in SAR-based burned area mapping. The experimental results show that RCBI is more effective than the conventional log-ratio differencing approach in detecting burned areas. Though VV intensity itself may perform poorly, the accuracy can be significantly improved when phase information is integrated using Interferometric SAR (InSAR). On the other hand, VV intensity also shows the potential to improve VH intensity-based detection results with RCBI. By exploiting VH and VV intensity together, the proposed RCBI achieved an overall mapping accuracy of 94.68% and 94.17% on the 2017 Thomas Fire and the 2018 Carr Fire. For the scenario of near real-time application, we investigated and demonstrated the potential Sentinel-1 SAR time series for wildfire progression monitoring with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). In this study, the available pre-fire SAR time series were exploited to compute temporal average and standard deviation for characterizing SAR backscatter behaviors over time and highlighting the changes with kMap. Trained with binarized kMap time series in a progression-wise manner, CNN showed good capability in detecting wildfire burned areas and capturing temporal progressions as demonstrated on three large and impactful wildfires with various topographic conditions. Compared to the pseudo masks (binarized kMap), CNN-based framework brought an 0.18 improvement in F1 score on the 2018 Camp Fire, and 0.23 on the 2019 Chuckegg Creek Fire. The experimental results demonstrated that spaceborne SAR time series with deep learning can play a significant role for near real-time wildfire monitoring when the data becomes available at daily and hourly intervals. For continuous wildfire progression mapping, we proposed a novel framework of learning U-Net without forgetting in a near real-time manner. By imposing a temporal consistency restriction on the network response, Learning without Forgetting (LwF) allows the U-Net to learn new capabilities for better handling with newly incoming data, and simultaneously keep its existing capabilities learned before. Unlike the continuous joint training (CJT) with all available historical data, LwF makes U-Net learning not dependent on the historical training data any more. To improve the quality of SAR-based pseudo progression masks, we accumulated the burned areas detected by optical data acquired prior to SAR observations. The experimental results demonstrated that LwF has the potential to match CJT in terms of the agreement between SAR-based results and optical-based ground truth, achieving a F1 score of 0.8423 on the Sydney Fire (2019-2020) and 0.7807 on the Chuckegg Creek Fire (2019). We also found that the SAR cross-polarization ratio (VH/VV) can be very useful in highlighting burned areas when VH and VV have diverse temporal change behaviors. SAR-based change detection often suffers from the variability of the surrounding background noise, we proposed a Total Variation (TV)-regularized U-Net model to relieve the influence of SAR-based noisy masks. Considering the small size of labeled wildfire data, transfer learning was adopted to fine-tune U-Net from pre-trained weights based on the past wildfire data. We quantified the effects of TV regularization on increasing the connectivity of SAR-based areas, and found that TV-regularized U-Net can significantly increase the burned area mapping accuracy, bringing an improvement of 0.0338 in F1 score and 0.0386 in IoU score on the validation set. With TV regularization, U-Net trained with noisy SAR masks achieved the highest F1 (0.6904) and IoU (0.5295), while U-Net trained with optical reference mask achieved the highest F1 (0.7529) and IoU (0.6054) score without TV regularization. When applied on wildfire progression mapping, TV-regularized U-Net also worked significantly better than vanilla U-Net with the supervision of noisy SAR-based masks, visually comparable to optical mask-based results. On the regional scale, we demonstrated the effectiveness of deep learning on SAR-based and SAR-optical fusion based wildfire progression mapping. To scale up deep learning models and make them globally applicable, large-scale globally distributed data is needed. Considering the scarcity of labelled data in the field of remote sensing, weakly/self-supervised learning will be our main research directions to go in the near future. Note de contenu : 1- Introduction 2- Literature review 3- Study areas and data 4- Metodology 5- Results and discussion Numéro de notice : 28309 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET/IMAGERIE Nature : Thèse étrangère Note de thèse : PhD Thesis : Geomatics : RTK Stockholm : 2021 DOI : sans En ligne : http://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1557429 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=98130

Social media as passive geo-participation in transportation planning – how effective are topic modeling & sentiment analysis in comparison with citizen surveys? / Oliver Lock in Geo-spatial Information Science, vol 23 n° 4 (December 2020)  

Public [article]  inGeo-spatial Information Science > vol 23 n° 4 (December 2020) . - pp 275 - 292 Titre : Social media as passive geo-participation in transportation planning – how effective are topic modeling & sentiment analysis in comparison with citizen surveys? Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Oliver Lock, Auteur ; Chris Pettit, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : pp 275 - 292 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Analyse spatiale [Termes IGN] artefact [Termes IGN] contenu généré par les utilisateurs [Termes IGN] données localisées des bénévoles [Termes IGN] données massives [Termes IGN] planification urbaine [Termes IGN] réseau social [Termes IGN] sentiment [Termes IGN] Sydney (Nouvelle-Galles du Sud) [Termes IGN] traitement du langage naturel [Termes IGN] transport public [Termes IGN] ville intelligente Résumé : (auteur) We live in an era of rapid urbanization as many cities are experiencing an unprecedented rate of population growth and congestion. Public transport is playing an increasingly important role in urban mobility with a need to move people and goods efficiently around the city. With such pressures on existing public transportation systems, this paper investigates the opportunities to use social media to more effectively engage with citizens and customers using such services. This research forms a case study of the use of passively collected forms of big data in cities – focusing on Sydney, Australia. Firstly, it examines social media data (Tweets) related to public transport performance. Secondly, it joins this to longitudinal big data – delay information continuously broadcast by the network over a year, thus forming hundreds of millions of data artifacts. Topics, tones, and sentiment are modeled using machine learning and Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. These resulting data, and models, are compared to opinions derived from a citizen survey among users. The validity of such data and models versus the intentions of users, in the context of systems that monitor and improve transport performance, are discussed. As such, key recommendations for developing Smart Cities were formed in an applied research context based on these data and techniques. Numéro de notice : A2020-787 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1080/10095020.2020.1815596 date de publication en ligne : 21/09/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2020.1815596 Format de la ressource électronique : url article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=96545 [article]

Assessing environmental impacts of urban growth using remote sensing / John C. Trinder in Geo-spatial Information Science, vol 23 n° 1 (March 2020)  

Public [article]  inGeo-spatial Information Science > vol 23 n° 1 (March 2020) . - pp 20 - 39 Titre : Assessing environmental impacts of urban growth using remote sensing Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : John C. Trinder, Auteur ; Qingxiang Liu, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : pp 20 - 39 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de télédétection [Termes IGN] changement d'utilisation du sol [Termes IGN] croissance urbaine [Termes IGN] développement durable [Termes IGN] image Landsat [Termes IGN] impact sur l'environnement [Termes IGN] multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis [Termes IGN] réseau neuronal artificiel [Termes IGN] service écosystémique [Termes IGN] Sydney (Nouvelle-Galles du Sud) [Termes IGN] Wuhan (Chine) Résumé : (auteur) This paper provides a study of the changes in land use in urban environments in two cities, Wuhan, China and western Sydney in Australia. Since mixed pixels are a characteristic of medium resolution images such as Landsat, when used for the classification of urban areas, due to changes in urban ground cover within a pixel, Multiple Endmember Spectral Mixture Analysis (MESMA) together with Super-Resolution Mapping (SRM) are employed to derive class fractions to generate classification maps at a higher spatial resolution using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) predicted Wavelet method. Landsat images over the two cities for a 30-year period, are classified in terms of vegetation, buildings, soil and water. The classifications are then processed using Indifrag software to assess the levels of fragmentation caused by changes in the areas of buildings, vegetation, water and soil over the 30 years. The extents of fragmentation of vegetation, buildings, water and soil for the two cities are compared, while the percentages of vegetation are compared with recommended percentages of green space for urban areas for the benefit of health and well-being of inhabitants. Changes in Ecosystem Service Values (ESVs) resulting from the urbanization have been assessed for Wuhan and Sydney. The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) for urban areas are being assessed by researchers to better understand how to achieve the sustainability of cities. Numéro de notice : A2020-162 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/10095020.2019.1710438 date de publication en ligne : 21/01/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2019.1710438 Format de la ressource électronique : url article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=94822 [article]

Remote sensing scene classification by unsupervised representation learning / Xiaoqiang Lu in IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, vol 55 n° 9 (September 2017)  

Public [article]  inIEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing > vol 55 n° 9 (September 2017) . - pp 5148 - 5157 Titre : Remote sensing scene classification by unsupervised representation learning Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Xiaoqiang Lu, Auteur ; Xiangtao Zheng, Auteur ; Yuan Yuan, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : pp 5148 - 5157 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement d'image optique [Termes IGN] apprentissage non-dirigé [Termes IGN] classification par séparateurs à vaste marge [Termes IGN] déconvolution [Termes IGN] image à haute résolution [Termes IGN] réseau neuronal artificiel [Termes IGN] scène [Termes IGN] Sydney (Nouvelle-Galles du Sud) Résumé : (Auteur) With the rapid development of the satellite sensor technology, high spatial resolution remote sensing (HSR) data have attracted extensive attention in military and civilian applications. In order to make full use of these data, remote sensing scene classification becomes an important and necessary precedent task. In this paper, an unsupervised representation learning method is proposed to investigate deconvolution networks for remote sensing scene classification. First, a shallow weighted deconvolution network is utilized to learn a set of feature maps and filters for each image by minimizing the reconstruction error between the input image and the convolution result. The learned feature maps can capture the abundant edge and texture information of high spatial resolution images, which is definitely important for remote sensing images. After that, the spatial pyramid model (SPM) is used to aggregate features at different scales to maintain the spatial layout of HSR image scene. A discriminative representation for HSR image is obtained by combining the proposed weighted deconvolution model and SPM. Finally, the representation vector is input into a support vector machine to finish classification. We apply our method on two challenging HSR image data sets: the UCMerced data set with 21 scene categories and the Sydney data set with seven land-use categories. All the experimental results achieved by the proposed method outperform most state of the arts, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method. Numéro de notice : A2017-664 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1109/TGRS.2017.2702596 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2017.2702596 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=87103 [article]

GPS and GIS assisted radar interferometry / Linlin Ge in Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, PERS, vol 70 n° 10 (October 2004)

Public [article]  inPhotogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, PERS > vol 70 n° 10 (October 2004) . - pp 1173 - 1177 Titre : GPS and GIS assisted radar interferometry Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Linlin Ge, Auteur ; X. Li, Auteur ; Chris Rizos, Auteur ; M. Omura, Auteur Année de publication : 2004 Article en page(s) : pp 1173 - 1177 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement d'image radar et applications [Termes IGN] carrière souterraine [Termes IGN] géoréférencement [Termes IGN] image radar moirée [Termes IGN] interferométrie différentielle [Termes IGN] interféromètrie par radar à antenne synthétique [Termes IGN] mine [Termes IGN] positionnement par GPS [Termes IGN] réflecteur [Termes IGN] subsidence [Termes IGN] surveillance géologique [Termes IGN] Sydney (Nouvelle-Galles du Sud) Résumé : (Auteur) Error in radar satellite orbit determination is a common problem in radar interferometry (INSAR). For example, when we try to locate a radar test site with known geographic coordinates using the geocoding information in SLC (the latitude and longitude of the four image corners), the location is well away from the true position. Another example is when there is a significant disturbance in the differential INSAR result, we sometimes are not sure whether it is from ground deformation or atmospheric heterogeneity. Even after these are corrected, we need to export the INSAR results to a GIS format so that they can be overlaid as layers over orthophotos and mine plans (in the case of mining subsidence) in order to interpret the results. Therefore, it is proposed to use both GPS and GIS to assist radar interferometry. Results are presented with an application to monitoring subsidence due to underground mining southwest of Sydney, Australia. Numéro de notice : A2004-365 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=26892 [article]

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Integrating imaging spectroscopy (445-2543nm) and geographic information systems for post-disaster management: a case of hailstorm damage in Sydney / S. Bhaskaran in International Journal of Remote Sensing IJRS, vol 25 n° 13 (July 2004)

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Nouvelle géographie universelle / E. Reclus (1889)

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