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Use of knowledge based systems for the detection and monitoring of unplanned developments / Faith Njoki Karanja (2002)
Titre : Use of knowledge based systems for the detection and monitoring of unplanned developments Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Faith Njoki Karanja, Auteur Editeur : Munich : Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften Année de publication : 2002 Collection : DGK - C Sous-collection : Dissertationen num. 558 Importance : 107 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-7696-9597-7 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de télédétection
[Termes IGN] aide à la décision
[Termes IGN] base de connaissances
[Termes IGN] classification non dirigée
[Termes IGN] détection de changement
[Termes IGN] image satellite
[Termes IGN] interprétation automatique
[Termes IGN] modélisation
[Termes IGN] photo-interprétation
[Termes IGN] prospective
[Termes IGN] représentation graphique
[Termes IGN] simulation
[Termes IGN] surveillance de l'urbanisation
[Termes IGN] système à base de connaissances
[Termes IGN] système d'information géographique
[Termes IGN] traitement d'image
[Termes IGN] zone urbaineRésumé : (Auteur) Within the context of an urban land use, two general status can be distinguished namely developed land (residential, industrial area, construction area, etc), and reserved land (forest, water bodies, garden, parks, open area etc). However, not all developed land is legal or formal a phenomena prevalent in developing countries. For the planners it is important to have the capacity to detect, localise and predict the trend of this phenomenon in order to facilitate reaction planning. In this regard, the main objective of this study is to develop a methodology that exploits existing planning data and urban land use drivers in combination with remotely sensed imagery for the detection and quantification of unplanned developments and subsequently facilitate in monitoring their trends. Since planning is a continuous process, remotely sensed data lends itself to a good source of information pertaining to the extent of developed and reserved areas at any given epoch. The methodology has been subdivided into four modules, namely the interpretation, detection, trend prediction and the evaluation.
Knowledge based image interpretation, namely rule based system was employed in the extraction of developed and reserved areas from multispectral image data. As input into the interpretation process four images cues i.e. NDVI, Texture, Edge Density, and unsupervised classification have been tested. Experience has shown that data reduction and refinement prior to its incorporation in the knowledge base enables few rules to be established and thereby minimising rule correlation. However, knowledge representation is a challenge and especially when it involves rules association. Acceptable results have been obtained which imply that such a technique is promising. Additional information e.g. GIS data would nevertheless be useful as a guide in the extraction of objects like parking areas and some complex built up areas (e.g. buildings), roads, etc thus improving the results.
For the detection of unplanned developments, the constraints of planning data have been exploited. Specifically, planning data has been used in combination with remotely sensed data depicting As It Were situation to generate As It Should Be scenario with specific emphasis on the new legal/allowable developments. This formed a backdrop for the detection of unplanned developments, which essentially translates to the difference between the As It Should Be situation and As It IS within the planning and implementation time frame. Prototype experiments carried out show that this is a feasible technique and can easily be implemented for fast detection in comparison to the current ad hoc field techniques.
In the trend prediction of unplanned developments, land use drivers based on compatibility of land uses, transport network, and hydrography sources are used to establish their influence on the new developed areas. Results show that existing land uses influence highly new developed areas. A combination effect of these influences (land use drivers) when employed results in stratification of pressure zones into fuzzy blocks ranging from those which are likely to undergo extensions of unplanned developments to those which are unlikely. Such information could enable planners develop a program in preparation for such eventualities and priorities areas that require urgent reaction planning.
For the evaluation of the results, both qualitative and quantitative evaluation techniques have been tested namely visual comparison, polygonpixel count and kappa index. Comparable results have been obtained based on these three techniques for the interpretation and detection modules. The choice of which technique to apply depends on the application and the level of detail required.
In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that a 'complete package' that will enable planners to detect and predict the trend of unplanned developments is feasible. In order to ensure success, planning should be viewed as a collective responsibility, where all stakeholders are participants. Further, sound land law system that ensures land accessibility and security of tenure as well as promotes transparency in land allocation issues should be implemented and enforced.Numéro de notice : 15027 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Thèse étrangère En ligne : https://d-nb.info/966084659/34 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=55045 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 15027-02 35.46 Livre Centre de documentation Télédétection Disponible 15027-01 35.46 Livre Centre de documentation Télédétection Disponible Development of models for monitoring the urban environment using radar remote sensing / Catherine Ticehurst (1998)
Titre : Development of models for monitoring the urban environment using radar remote sensing Type de document : Monographie Auteurs : Catherine Ticehurst, Auteur Editeur : Kensington [Australie] : University of New South Wales Année de publication : 1998 Collection : Reports from School of Geomatic Engineering num. S-54 Importance : 250 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-0-7334-1679-8 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de télédétection
[Termes IGN] densité de population
[Termes IGN] direction de visée
[Termes IGN] image aérienne
[Termes IGN] image AIRSAR
[Termes IGN] image radar
[Termes IGN] milieu urbain
[Termes IGN] occupation du sol
[Termes IGN] polarisation
[Termes IGN] population urbaine
[Termes IGN] radar à antenne synthétique
[Termes IGN] rétrodiffusion
[Termes IGN] simulation
[Termes IGN] surveillance de l'urbanisation
[Termes IGN] télédétection en hyperfréquenceRésumé : (Auteur) The world's population is rapidly increasing, especially in urban regions to which many rural inhabitants are migrating. Such an effect results in the need for a more efficient method of monitoring cities, both in developing and developed countries. Present monitoring techniques are inefficient, and unable to effectively maintain up-to date information due to the population increase. Hence, the demand for settlement detection, urban classification and population estimation is apparent.
Radar remote sensing is showing great potential for assisting in such a matter. Its ability to discriminate between small buildings of sparse layout, and large, densely spaced, buildings is slowly being realised. This research addresses this issue through the development of a primarily theoretical model.
The urban environment is a complex mixture of built as well as natural elements. In order to simplify such a difficult situation, the backscatter expected from urban areas can be divided into simple scattering mechanisms. The most important ones chosen for this research are double bounce (from building walls and tree trunks), single bounce (from building roofs), and volume scattering (from tree canopies). The model has been designed to consider these scattering mechanisms, and their expected proportions, occurring in the urban environment.
One of the greatest difficulties created through using radar in the built environment, is due to the 'Cardinal Effect'. This occurs when there is strong double bounce scattering due to the intersection of the orthogonal building wall and ground surface being perpendicular to the look direction. An empirical investigation is conducted in the thesis to further understand this phenomenon.
In order to develop the model, many parameters, including those relating to the cardinal effect, need to be considered. Determination of such parameters is not a simple task, and requires some general assumptions to be made. The model has been designed to determine the backscatter and polarisation information for two different urban classes (ie., residential and commercial). These classes are chosen because they generally represent the low and high density urban areas respectively.
The backscatter and polarisation information from a single building is developed and then expanded into a block of buildings, with consideration of radar shadowing effects. Trees are also included in the simulated residential areas.
In order to test the accuracy of the model for residential and commercial land use, test sites representing a large range of orientation and look angles, are chosen in the city of Sydney, Australia. AirSAR data for these test sites are compared to model simulations representing the same characteristics. The results show that L-band model output is quite comparable with the real data. The P-and C-band are less reliable, with the model C-band results showing little resemblance to the AirSAR information.
For the model to be further tested, a simple classification is performed over a large area of the Eastern suburbs of Sydney. L-band data is used due to the model simulations closely represerding real data. Furthermore, the real P-, L- and C-band polarisation information were found to be quite similar, so a multiwavelength classification using radar data was not seen to contribute significant information compared to a single band.
The classification is based on a comparison between the model and AirSAR total power, polarisation index and polarisation phase difference. The classification shows that the model has the ability to distinguish between low and high density urbw areas. However, due to the difficulties in defining the characteristics of residential and commercial land uses, there is some overlap in the classification. Some tall, dense residential areas are classified as commercial. Similarly small scale commercial areas are classified to be residential. Such a problem is related to the definition of land use rather than land cover.
The most important classification parameter observed through this exercise is the total power. The polarisation index proved of little use due to its incapability of distinguishing between residential and commercial classes for the real data. Classification using the total power and polarisation phase difference together gave a less accurate result than total power alone.
However, overall results show that the potential which radar has as a remote sensing tool for distinguishing between low and high density urban areas, and for classification (under the appropriate circumstances), is quite high. This is especially so when radar is combined with other information gathering systems, such as optical remotely sensed data. Such a combination could be very beneficial for the growing need for urban monitoring and population estimation.Numéro de notice : 67410 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Monographie Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=61751 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 67410-01 35.46 Livre Centre de documentation Télédétection Disponible Remote sensing and geographical infromation processing / Martien Molenaar (1994)
Titre : Remote sensing and geographical infromation processing : Concepts and appllications for land use monitoring and agriculture Type de document : Monographie Auteurs : Martien Molenaar, Éditeur scientifique Editeur : Wageningen : Wageningen Agricultural University Année de publication : 1994 Importance : 142 p. Format : 16 x 24 cm Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de télédétection
[Termes IGN] agriculture
[Termes IGN] occupation du sol
[Termes IGN] surveillance de l'urbanisationIndex. décimale : 35.40 Applications de télédétection - généralités Numéro de notice : 17207 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE/IMAGERIE Nature : Recueil / ouvrage collectif Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81235 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 17207-01 35.40 Livre Centre de documentation Télédétection Disponible Monitoring urban land cover changes at the urban fringe from Spot HRV imagery in south-east England / N.A. Quarmby in International Journal of Remote Sensing IJRS, vol 10 n° 6 (June 1989)
[article]
Titre : Monitoring urban land cover changes at the urban fringe from Spot HRV imagery in south-east England Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : N.A. Quarmby, Auteur ; J.L. Cushnie, Auteur Année de publication : 1989 Article en page(s) : pp 953 - 963 Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de télédétection
[Termes IGN] Angleterre
[Termes IGN] détection de changement
[Termes IGN] image SPOT-HRV
[Termes IGN] occupation du sol
[Termes IGN] périphérie urbaine
[Termes IGN] planification
[Termes IGN] surveillance de l'urbanisationNuméro de notice : A1989-153 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1080/01431168908903937 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/01431168908903937 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=25113
in International Journal of Remote Sensing IJRS > vol 10 n° 6 (June 1989) . - pp 953 - 963[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 080-89051 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible Land-cover monitoring with Spot for landfill investigations / W.R. Philipson in Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, PERS, vol 54 n° 2 (february 1988)
[article]
Titre : Land-cover monitoring with Spot for landfill investigations Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : W.R. Philipson, Auteur ; E.M. Barnaba, Auteur ; A. Ingram, Auteur ; V.L. Williams, Auteur Année de publication : 1988 Article en page(s) : pp 223 - 228 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de télédétection
[Termes IGN] accentuation d'image
[Termes IGN] image SPOT
[Termes IGN] New York (Etats-Unis ; état)
[Termes IGN] occupation du sol
[Termes IGN] surveillance de l'urbanisationNuméro de notice : A1988-033 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article DOI : sans En ligne : https://www.asprs.org/wp-content/uploads/pers/1988journal/feb/1988_feb_223-228.p [...] Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24612
in Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, PERS > vol 54 n° 2 (february 1988) . - pp 223 - 228[article]