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Worldwide detection of informal settlements via topological analysis of crowdsourced digital maps / Satej Soman in ISPRS International journal of geo-information, vol 9 n° 11 (November 2020)  

Public [article]  inISPRS International journal of geo-information > vol 9 n° 11 (November 2020) . - n° 685 Titre : Worldwide detection of informal settlements via topological analysis of crowdsourced digital maps Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Satej Soman, Auteur ; Anni Beukes, Auteur ; Cooper Nederhood, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : n° 685 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géomatique web [Termes IGN] analyse spatiale [Termes IGN] carte numérique [Termes IGN] cartographie urbaine [Termes IGN] croissance urbaine [Termes IGN] données localisées [Termes IGN] données localisées des bénévoles [Termes IGN] information topologique [Termes IGN] infrastructure [Termes IGN] Liberia [Termes IGN] OpenStreetMap [Termes IGN] planification urbaine [Termes IGN] Sierra Leone [Termes IGN] urbanisme Résumé : (auteur) The recent growth of high-resolution spatial data, especially in developing urban environments, is enabling new approaches to civic activism, urban planning and the provision of services necessary for sustainable development. A special area of great potential and urgent need deals with urban expansion through informal settlements (slums). These neighborhoods are too often characterized by a lack of connections, both physical and socioeconomic, with detrimental effects to residents and their cities. Here, we show how a scalable computational approach based on the topological properties of digital maps can identify local infrastructural deficits and propose context-appropriate minimal solutions. We analyze 1 terabyte of OpenStreetMap (OSM) crowdsourced data to create worldwide indices of street block accessibility and local cadastral maps and propose infrastructure extensions with a focus on 120 Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs) in the Global South. We illustrate how the lack of physical accessibility can be identified in detail, how the complexity and costs of solutions can be assessed and how detailed spatial proposals are generated. We discuss how these diagnostics and solutions provide a multiscalar set of new capabilities—from individual neighborhoods to global regions—that can coordinate local community knowledge with political agency, technical capability, and further research. Numéro de notice : A2020-729 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.3390/ijgi9110685 date de publication en ligne : 16/11/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9110685 Format de la ressource électronique : url article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=96336 [article]

Geographic space as a living structure for predicting human activities using big data / Bin Jiang in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, Vol 33 n° 3-4 (March - April 2019)  

Public [article]  inInternational journal of geographical information science IJGIS > Vol 33 n° 3-4 (March - April 2019) . - pp 764 - 779 Titre : Geographic space as a living structure for predicting human activities using big data Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Bin Jiang, Auteur ; Zheng Ren, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : pp 764 - 779 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Analyse spatiale [Termes IGN] données issues des réseaux sociaux [Termes IGN] données massives [Termes IGN] information topologique [Termes IGN] métadonnées [Termes IGN] mise à l'échelle [Termes IGN] OpenStreetMap [Termes IGN] polygone de Thiessen [Termes IGN] représentation des détails topographiques [Termes IGN] Royaume-Uni Résumé : (Auteur) Inspired by Christopher Alexander’s conception of the world – space is not lifeless or neutral, but a living structure involving far more small things than large ones – a topological representation has been previously developed to characterize the living structure or the wholeness of geographic space. This paper further develops the topological representation and living structure for predicting human activities in geographic space. Based on millions of street nodes of the United Kingdom extracted from OpenStreetMap, we established living structures at different levels of scale in a nested manner. We found that tweet locations at different levels of scale, such as country and city, can be well predicted by the underlying living structure. The high predictability demonstrates that the living structure and the topological representation are efficient and effective for better understanding geographic forms. Based on this major finding, we argue that the topological representation is a truly multiscale representation, and point out that existing geographic representations are essentially single scale, so they bear many scale problems such as modifiable areal unit problem, the conundrum of length and the ecological fallacy. We further discuss on why the living structure is an efficient and effective instrument for structuring geospatial big data, and why Alexander’s organic worldview constitutes the third view of space. Numéro de notice : A2019-215 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1080/13658816.2018.1427754 date de publication en ligne : 31/01/2018 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2018.1427754 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=92687 [article]

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Generative models for road network reconstruction / Colin Kuntzsch in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 30 n° 5-6 (May - June 2016)  

Public [article]  inInternational journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 30 n° 5-6 (May - June 2016) . - pp 1012 - 1039 Titre : Generative models for road network reconstruction Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Colin Kuntzsch, Auteur ; Monika Sester, Auteur ; Claus Brenner, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 1012 - 1039 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] appariement de données localisées [Termes IGN] coordonnées GPS [Termes IGN] information topologique [Termes IGN] itinéraire [Termes IGN] méthode de Monte-Carlo par chaînes de Markov [Termes IGN] modèle cartographique [Termes IGN] réalité de terrain [Termes IGN] reconstruction d'objet [Termes IGN] réseau routier [Termes IGN] trafic routier Résumé : (Auteur) This work aims at the inference of traffic networks from GPS trajectories. We perform geometry and topology reconstruction of the network in a multistep process. Our main contributions are the formulation of an explicit intersection model with a score function that accounts for consistency with the raw tracking data, as well as for a topology prior and the search for the best model by maximization of this score function using a Markov chain Monte Carlo sampler. We demonstrate the viability of our model-based approach with experiments on GPS data sets of varying size and data quality, followed by a comparison with results achieved by alternative, heuristic approaches. Numéro de notice : A2016-293 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE/IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1080/13658816.2015.1092151 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2015.1092151 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80872 [article]

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Change detection between SAR images using a pointwise approach and graph theory / Minh-Tan Pham in IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, vol 54 n° 4 (April 2016)  

Public [article]  inIEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing > vol 54 n° 4 (April 2016) . - pp 2020 - 2032 Titre : Change detection between SAR images using a pointwise approach and graph theory Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Minh-Tan Pham, Auteur ; Grégoire Mercier, Auteur ; Julien Michel, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 2020 - 2032 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement d'image radar et applications [Termes IGN] approche pixel [Termes IGN] bruit rose [Termes IGN] détection de changement [Termes IGN] graphe [Termes IGN] image radar [Termes IGN] image radar moirée [Termes IGN] information topologique [Termes IGN] traitement du signal [Termes IGN] voisinage (topologie) Résumé : (Auteur) This paper investigates the problem of change detection in multitemporal synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. Our motivation is to avoid using a large-size dense neighborhood around each pixel to measure its change level, which is usually considered by classical methods in order to perform their accurate detectors. Therefore, we propose to develop a pointwise approach to detect land-cover changes between two SAR images employing the principle of signal processing on graphs. First, a set of characteristic points is extracted from one of the two images to capture the image's significant contextual information. A weighted graph is then constructed to encode the interaction among these keypoints and hence capture the local geometric structure of this first image. With regard to this graph, the coherence of the information carried by the two images is considered for measuring changes between them. In other words, the change level will depend on how much the second image still conforms to the graph structure constructed from the first image. Additionally, due to the presence of speckle noise in SAR imaging, the log-ratio operator will be exploited to perform the image comparison measure. Experimental results performed on real SAR images show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, in terms of detection performance and computational complexity, compared to classical methods. Numéro de notice : A2016-838 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2015.2493730 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=82882 [article]

An evaluation and classification of nD topological data structures for the representation of objects in a higher-dimensional GIS / Ken Arroyo Ohori in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 29 n° 5 (May 2015)  

Public [article]  inInternational journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 29 n° 5 (May 2015) . - pp 825 - 849 Titre : An evaluation and classification of nD topological data structures for the representation of objects in a higher-dimensional GIS Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Ken Arroyo Ohori, Auteur ; Hugo Ledoux, Auteur ; Jantien E. Stoter, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : pp 825 - 849 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géomatique [Termes IGN] base de données temporelles [Termes IGN] classification [Termes IGN] données spatiotemporelles [Termes IGN] évaluation des données [Termes IGN] implémentation (informatique) [Termes IGN] information topologique [Termes IGN] intégration de données [Termes IGN] modèle topologique de données [Termes IGN] structure de données localisées [Termes IGN] système d'information géographique Résumé : (Auteur) One solution to the integration of additional characteristics, e.g. time and scale, into geographic information system (GIS) datasets is to model them as extra geometric dimensions perpendicular to the spatial ones, creating a higher-dimensional model. Previous work has been mostly limited to higher-dimensional rasters and hierarchies of trees, which grow exponentially with the dimension. As representations with limited topological relationships quickly become intractable in higher dimensions, a topological vector approach seems most suitable for this purpose, requiring the use of higher-dimensional topological data structures. We therefore present in this paper an evaluation and classification of the possible data structures for an nD GIS, including how they can be implemented to support real-world data aspects, such as holes, disconnected components and attributes, as well as practical issues that affect their feasibility, like the availability of algorithms, libraries and software. Numéro de notice : A2015-594 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1080/13658816.2014.999683 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2014.999683 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=77884 [article]

Méthode de caractérisation des réseaux enterrés / L. Gimenez (2012) 

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Relations among map objects in cartographic generalization / Stefan Steiniger in Cartography and Geographic Information Science, vol 34 n° 3 (July 2007)

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L'ingénierie des connaissances spatiales / Robert Laurini (1989)

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Utilisation des structures topologiques en vue d'une cartographie automatique à partir des images de télédétection / S. Braconne (1975)

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