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Classifying ambiguities in a visual spatial language / C. Carpentier in Geoinformatica, vol 6 n° 3 (September - November 2002)
[article]
Titre : Classifying ambiguities in a visual spatial language Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : C. Carpentier, Auteur ; Michel Mainguenaud, Auteur Année de publication : 2002 Article en page(s) : pp 285 - 316 Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Information géographique
[Termes IGN] interprétation automatique
[Termes IGN] langage de modélisation
[Termes IGN] langage visuel
[Termes IGN] requête spatiale
[Termes IGN] système d'information géographiqueRésumé : (Auteur) Geographic information systems (GIS) manage geographical data and present the results visually using maps. Visual languages are well adapted to query such data. We propose to express queries sent to a GIS using symbolic maps with metaphors. i.e., visual representation of the spatial relationships making up the query. Visual languages suffer from the appearance of ambiguity. We distinguish visual ambiguities from selection ambiguities. Visual ambiguities appear when a given visual representation of a query corresponds with several interpretations. In order to define new spatial relationship, the user points out one (or several) metaphor(s) already available in the restitution space. Selection ambiguities appear when a given selection corresponds with several metaphors. We suggest palliating visual and selection ambiguities by associating a placing method with composition automata. The placing method insures to minimize level of ambiguity. We determine levels of ambiguity and user interaction complexity depending on the required expressive power. The higher the desired expressive power is, the higher the level of ambiguity is and thus the more complex the user interaction is. A prototype has been implemented to validate the placing method and the automaton allowing the highest expressive power. Numéro de notice : A2002-206 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1023/A:1019770003896 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019770003896 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=22121
in Geoinformatica > vol 6 n° 3 (September - November 2002) . - pp 285 - 316[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 057-02031 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible L'appariement pour la constitution de bases de données géographiques multirésolutions. Vers une interprétation des différences de représentation / David Sheeren in Revue internationale de géomatique, vol 12 n° 2 (juin - août 2002)
[article]
Titre : L'appariement pour la constitution de bases de données géographiques multirésolutions. Vers une interprétation des différences de représentation Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : David Sheeren , Auteur Année de publication : 2002 Article en page(s) : pp 151 - 168 Langues : Français (fre) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Information géographique
[Termes IGN] appariement de données localisées
[Termes IGN] appariement de modèles conceptuels de données
[Termes IGN] apprentissage automatique
[Termes IGN] apprentissage dirigé
[Termes IGN] base de données localisées
[Termes IGN] données multisources
[Termes IGN] interprétation automatique
[Termes IGN] représentation multipleRésumé : (Auteur) L'utilisation de plusieurs bases de données géographiques sur une même portion du territoire conduit à manipuler des représentations du monde qui diffèrent en fonction des spécifications, de l'échelle de saisie, de la qualité, de l'actualité. Ces différences sont susceptibles d'engendrer des réponses contradictoires à une requête formulée dans un système multirésolutions suivant la représentation utilisée. L'objectif de cet article est d'exposer les premiers éléments d'une méthodologie d'interprétation automatique des différences de représentation, et de déterminer si cellesci sont justifiées ou non au regard des spécifications. La méthodologie repose sur un processus d'appariement qui permet de relier les données, mais qui peut aussi aider à identifier des concepts communs et extraire de nouvelles connaissances. Numéro de notice : A2002-214 Affiliation des auteurs : COGIT (1988-2011) Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.3166/rig.12.151-168 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/rig.12.151-168 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=22129
in Revue internationale de géomatique > vol 12 n° 2 (juin - août 2002) . - pp 151 - 168[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 047-02021 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible 047-02022 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible Regelbasierte Interpretation unstrukturierter Vektorkarten / M. Weindorf (2002)
Titre : Regelbasierte Interpretation unstrukturierter Vektorkarten Titre original : [Interprétation basée sur des règles de cartes vectorielles non structurées] Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : M. Weindorf, Auteur Editeur : Munich : Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften Année de publication : 2002 Collection : DGK - C Sous-collection : Dissertationen num. 555 Importance : 74 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-7696-9594-6 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Allemand (ger) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications SIG
[Termes IGN] aide à la décision
[Termes IGN] base de données localisées
[Termes IGN] cartographie numérique
[Termes IGN] intelligence artificielle
[Termes IGN] interprétation automatique
[Termes IGN] moteur d'inférence
[Termes IGN] représentation graphique
[Termes IGN] système d'information géographique
[Termes IGN] vectorisationRésumé : (Auteur) Maps provide a rich set of geographic information. Formerly produced in analogue way to support human users in their tasks concerning spatial decisions, nowadays digital information systems in general and geographical information systems (GIS) are up to take over this role. Today not only the human user is addressed, but the interoperability of information systems and the support of automatic selection of information from different sources is a major task in research and industry. This work presents a concept for the automated interpretation of digital maps represented as low-level, a priori unstructured vector data. A huge amount of digital map data is stored in CAD based systems which only support a geometry focused and layer-oriented concept of data modelling. To use and import this legacy data into modern schema based geoinformation systems, the geometry inherent object descriptions have to be inferred out of these graphics. Nowadays data exchange is often still made on a graphical level of representation, in the way that for every combination of data source and data sink a specific mapping (at a syntactic level) has to be defined, to translate the several data formats into other ones. Problems arise if the expressive power of these data formats differs in the way that the source format is less powerful than the target format (e.g. there's no representation of topology available, or attribute data can't be handled). The idea proposed in this work is based on the assumption that the graphic itself may transport most of the information within a map. Therefore a knowledge-based system for map interpretation was developed, which is based on a backward-chaining rule system. The objects, which have to be extracted out of the maps, are described in their structure within a specific rule base, a corresponding interpreter (inference engine) derives objects out of that descriptions, which may be stored in a database oriented geoinformation system for further use. The focus of this work lies in the definition of structure measures respective rules, which are especially suited to infer application specific objects from graphical representations. An algorithm is provided to derive topological structured maps from a priori unstructured vector data. This map data is transformed into a relational structure, which serves as a basis for the subsequent interpretation process. This interpretation relies mainly on structural and contextual information, whereas numerical classification methods may be avoided to a large extend. Map objects are defined through their parts, spatial relations between these parts and the relations to other objects (contextual information). The object recognition is formulated as a search for subgraphisomorphisms within the map graph. Numéro de notice : 15026 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Thèse étrangère Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=55044 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 15026-02 37.40 Livre Centre de documentation Géomatique Disponible 15026-01 37.40 Livre Centre de documentation Géomatique Disponible Use of knowledge based systems for the detection and monitoring of unplanned developments / Faith Njoki Karanja (2002)
Titre : Use of knowledge based systems for the detection and monitoring of unplanned developments Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Faith Njoki Karanja, Auteur Editeur : Munich : Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften Année de publication : 2002 Collection : DGK - C Sous-collection : Dissertationen num. 558 Importance : 107 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-7696-9597-7 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de télédétection
[Termes IGN] aide à la décision
[Termes IGN] base de connaissances
[Termes IGN] classification non dirigée
[Termes IGN] détection de changement
[Termes IGN] image satellite
[Termes IGN] interprétation automatique
[Termes IGN] modélisation
[Termes IGN] photo-interprétation
[Termes IGN] prospective
[Termes IGN] représentation graphique
[Termes IGN] simulation
[Termes IGN] surveillance de l'urbanisation
[Termes IGN] système à base de connaissances
[Termes IGN] système d'information géographique
[Termes IGN] traitement d'image
[Termes IGN] zone urbaineRésumé : (Auteur) Within the context of an urban land use, two general status can be distinguished namely developed land (residential, industrial area, construction area, etc), and reserved land (forest, water bodies, garden, parks, open area etc). However, not all developed land is legal or formal a phenomena prevalent in developing countries. For the planners it is important to have the capacity to detect, localise and predict the trend of this phenomenon in order to facilitate reaction planning. In this regard, the main objective of this study is to develop a methodology that exploits existing planning data and urban land use drivers in combination with remotely sensed imagery for the detection and quantification of unplanned developments and subsequently facilitate in monitoring their trends. Since planning is a continuous process, remotely sensed data lends itself to a good source of information pertaining to the extent of developed and reserved areas at any given epoch. The methodology has been subdivided into four modules, namely the interpretation, detection, trend prediction and the evaluation.
Knowledge based image interpretation, namely rule based system was employed in the extraction of developed and reserved areas from multispectral image data. As input into the interpretation process four images cues i.e. NDVI, Texture, Edge Density, and unsupervised classification have been tested. Experience has shown that data reduction and refinement prior to its incorporation in the knowledge base enables few rules to be established and thereby minimising rule correlation. However, knowledge representation is a challenge and especially when it involves rules association. Acceptable results have been obtained which imply that such a technique is promising. Additional information e.g. GIS data would nevertheless be useful as a guide in the extraction of objects like parking areas and some complex built up areas (e.g. buildings), roads, etc thus improving the results.
For the detection of unplanned developments, the constraints of planning data have been exploited. Specifically, planning data has been used in combination with remotely sensed data depicting As It Were situation to generate As It Should Be scenario with specific emphasis on the new legal/allowable developments. This formed a backdrop for the detection of unplanned developments, which essentially translates to the difference between the As It Should Be situation and As It IS within the planning and implementation time frame. Prototype experiments carried out show that this is a feasible technique and can easily be implemented for fast detection in comparison to the current ad hoc field techniques.
In the trend prediction of unplanned developments, land use drivers based on compatibility of land uses, transport network, and hydrography sources are used to establish their influence on the new developed areas. Results show that existing land uses influence highly new developed areas. A combination effect of these influences (land use drivers) when employed results in stratification of pressure zones into fuzzy blocks ranging from those which are likely to undergo extensions of unplanned developments to those which are unlikely. Such information could enable planners develop a program in preparation for such eventualities and priorities areas that require urgent reaction planning.
For the evaluation of the results, both qualitative and quantitative evaluation techniques have been tested namely visual comparison, polygonpixel count and kappa index. Comparable results have been obtained based on these three techniques for the interpretation and detection modules. The choice of which technique to apply depends on the application and the level of detail required.
In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that a 'complete package' that will enable planners to detect and predict the trend of unplanned developments is feasible. In order to ensure success, planning should be viewed as a collective responsibility, where all stakeholders are participants. Further, sound land law system that ensures land accessibility and security of tenure as well as promotes transparency in land allocation issues should be implemented and enforced.Numéro de notice : 15027 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Thèse étrangère En ligne : https://d-nb.info/966084659/34 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=55045 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 15027-02 35.46 Livre Centre de documentation Télédétection Disponible 15027-01 35.46 Livre Centre de documentation Télédétection Disponible Wissensbasierte Interpretation von Vegetationsflächen aus multitemporalen Fernerkundungsdaten / Kian Pakzad (2001)
Titre : Wissensbasierte Interpretation von Vegetationsflächen aus multitemporalen Fernerkundungsdaten Titre original : [L'interprétation basée sur les connaissances des surfaces végétales a partir de données de télédétection multi temporelles] Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Kian Pakzad, Auteur Editeur : Munich : Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften Année de publication : 2001 Collection : DGK - C Sous-collection : Dissertationen num. 543 Importance : 104 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-7696-9582-3 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Allemand (ger) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de télédétection
[Termes IGN] analyse diachronique
[Termes IGN] classification à base de connaissances
[Termes IGN] image multitemporelle
[Termes IGN] interprétation automatique
[Termes IGN] lande
[Termes IGN] réseau sémantique
[Termes IGN] segmentation d'image
[Termes IGN] surveillance de la végétation
[Termes IGN] système expertRésumé : (Auteur) The thesis in hand presents a general concept for the automatic interpretation of remote sensing data with the interpretation of vegetation areas brought into focus, which uses both structural features and temporal knowledge. Based on this concept, a method for automatic multitemporal interpretation of moorland is explained. The developed procedures rely on a knowledge based image analysis system, which uses Semantic Nets for knowledge representation in standard language. During the interpretation process these are used for deriving hypotheses by applying a continuous symbolic processing, to verify them, and thus gain a symbolic description of the examined landscape scene. Verification of the hypotheses is carried out in the remote sensing data using specific processing operators.
The introduced general concept for interpretation of remote sensing data groups the object classes found in the landscape into various categories, according to their characteristics. Thus object classes were discerned which possess a given geometry, given texture, given pattern, or characteristic features. Interpretation strategies are suggested for each category, which relate to the creation of the semantic nets as well as to the specific image processing operators. Then the interpretation of vegetation areas belonging to the latter category is brought into focus. As such areas often are inhomogeneous and show numerous structures, the approaches of multispectral classification applied so far are less suitable as they result in oversegmentation, and either do not or to a little extent utilize structural features for interpretation. The new strategy presented here proceeds from given segment borders and searches for structural features within the borders. Such structural features are described by standard language and may be for example "tracks", "irregular structure", or "vegetation". Their verification in the images is done by feature analysis operators.
For interpretation of temporal changes a new concept is suggested, which discretely describes temporal conditions of regions, and which transfers the most probable temporal changes of the given conditions as temporal knowledge into a state transition diagram, then using it for multitemporal interpretation. Thus the temporal history of the past interpretations is used for the interpretation of images of a particular epoch by favouring certain interpretation methods, and a priori excluding others.
Based on the described approaches a procedure for automatic multitemporal interpretation of industrially used moorland was successfully developed. Proceeding from an initial segmentation based on GeoData a resegmentation and an interpretation of the segments is carried out for each investigated epoch. By using temporal knowledge it is possible to separate moor classes, which can only be detected in temporal order. The application of temporal knowledge and structural features enables the exclusive use of grey scale images for interpretation of vegetation areas. The results show that the presented procedure is suitable for multitemporal interpretation of moorland, and that it is able to distinguish additional moor classes compared to the approaches used so far. It is further applicable for a more robust multitemporal interpretation, and does not depend on colour images.Numéro de notice : 13067 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Thèse étrangère Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=54867 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 13067-01 35.41 Livre Centre de documentation Télédétection Disponible vol 62 n° 6 - November 2000 - Pacific graphics '99, the seventh international conference on computer graphic and its applications, [actes], Seoul, Korea, 5 - 7 October 1999 (Bulletin de Graphical models) / M. KimPermalinkImage analysis for GIS data acquisition : paper read at a Technical Meeting of the Photogrammetric Society on 14th March 2000 / Christian Heipke in Photogrammetric record, vol 16 n° 96 (October 2000 - March 2001)PermalinkKnowledge acquisition for the automatic interpretation of spatial data / Monika Sester in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 14 n° 1 (january 2000)PermalinkSéparation des zones naturelles et construites sur images aériennes / Olivier Dissard in Bulletin d'information de l'Institut géographique national, n° 68 (octobre 1997)PermalinkVers une extraction automatique du réseau routier par interprétation locale du contexte : application à la production de données géographiques / Sylvain Airault in Bulletin d'information de l'Institut géographique national, n° 68 (octobre 1997)PermalinkInterprétation de cartes géographiques : algorithmes de reconstruction des réseaux hydrographiques et routiers / Robert Mariani in Traitement du signal, vol 14 n° 3 (01/06/1997)PermalinkPermalinkInterprétation d'images aériennes guidée par une base de données cartographiques / Ghislaine Bordes (1997)PermalinkInterpretation of networks from satellite data: adequation between the imagery and cartographic applications / Jean-Paul Sempère (1997)PermalinkTopographic maps automatic interpretation : some proposed strategies / Marc Pierrot-Deseilligny (1997)PermalinkInterprétation de cartes géographiques : algorithmes de reconstruction des réseaux hydrographiques et routiers / Robert Mariani (1996)PermalinkGIS-Guided Interpretation of Aerial Imagery : Application to automatic road extraction / Ghislaine Bordes (1995)PermalinkDigital photogrammetric systems / Heinrich Ebner (1991)PermalinkFundamentos de la teledetección espacial / E. Chuvieco (1990)PermalinkEtude d'une amélioration des textures des photographies aériennes pour l'interprétation automatique des images, Volume 1. Texte / Vincent Lamareille (1975)PermalinkEtude d'une amélioration des textures des photographies aériennes pour l'interprétation automatique des images, Volume 2. Annexes / Vincent Lamareille (1975)Permalink