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Urban soundscape maps modelled with geo-referenced data / Catherine Lavandier in Noise mapping, vol 3 n° 1 (October 2016)
[article]
Titre : Urban soundscape maps modelled with geo-referenced data Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Catherine Lavandier, Auteur ; Pierre Aumond, Auteur ; Saul Gomez , Auteur ; Catherine Dominguès , Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 278 - 294 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] analyse comparative
[Termes IGN] bruit (audition)
[Termes IGN] cartographie du bruit
[Termes IGN] données localisées
[Termes IGN] modèle numérique
[Termes IGN] Paris (75)
[Termes IGN] perception
[Termes IGN] qualité cartographique
[Termes IGN] visualisation cartographique
[Termes IGN] zone urbaine
[Vedettes matières IGN] GéovisualisationRésumé : (Auteur) The noise maps that are currently proposed as part of the EU Directive are based on the calculation of the Lday, Levening and Lnight. These levels are calculated from emission and propagation models that are expensive in time. These noise maps are criticized for being distant from the perception of city users. Thus, calculation models of sound quality have been proposed, for being closer to city users’ perception. They are either based on perceptual variables, or on acoustic measurements, or on georeferenced data, the latter being often already integrated into the Geographic Information Systems of most French metropolises. Considering 89 Parisian situations, this article proposes to compare the sound quality really perceived, with those from models using geo-referenced data. It also looks at the modeling of perceptual variables that influence the sound quality, such as perceived loudness, the perceived time ratio of traffic, voices and birds. To do this, such geo-referenced data as road traffic, the presence of gardens, food shops, restaurants, bars, schools, markets, are transformed into core densities. Being quick and easy to calculate, these densities predict effectively sound quality in the urban public space. Visualization of urban soundscape maps are proposed in this paper. Numéro de notice : A2016--115 Affiliation des auteurs : LASTIG COGIT+Ext (2012-2019) Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1515/noise-2016-0020 Date de publication en ligne : 28/10/2016 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1515/noise-2016-0020 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=84758
in Noise mapping > vol 3 n° 1 (October 2016) . - pp 278 - 294[article]Documents numériques
en open access
A2016--115_Urban_soundscape_maps_modelled_withgeo-referenced_data.pdfAdobe Acrobat PDF Quantitative assessment of meteorological and tropospheric Zenith Hydrostatic Delay models / Di Zhang in Advances in space research, vol 58 n° 6 (September 2016)
[article]
Titre : Quantitative assessment of meteorological and tropospheric Zenith Hydrostatic Delay models Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Di Zhang, Auteur ; Jiming Guo, Auteur ; Ming Chen, Auteur ; Junbo Shi, Auteur ; Lv Zhou, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 1033 - 1043 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] analyse comparative
[Termes IGN] erreur systématique
[Termes IGN] évaluation
[Termes IGN] modèle atmosphérique
[Termes IGN] modèle numérique
[Termes IGN] radiosondage
[Termes IGN] retard troposphérique
[Termes IGN] retard troposphérique zénithal
[Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement de données GNSSRésumé : (auteur) Tropospheric delay has always been an important issue in GNSS/DORIS/VLBI/InSAR processing. Most commonly used empirical models for the determination of tropospheric Zenith Hydrostatic Delay (ZHD), including three meteorological models and two empirical ZHD models, are carefully analyzed in this paper. Meteorological models refer to UNB3m, GPT2 and GPT2w, while ZHD models include Hopfield and Saastamoinen. By reference to in-situ meteorological measurements and ray-traced ZHD values of 91 globally distributed radiosonde sites, over a four-years period from 2010 to 2013, it is found that there is strong correlation between errors of model-derived values and latitudes. Specifically, the Saastamoinen model shows a systematic error of about −3 mm. Therefore a modified Saastamoinen model is developed based on the “best average” refractivity constant, and is validated by radiosonde data. Among different models, the GPT2w and the modified Saastamoinen model perform the best. ZHD values derived from their combination have a mean bias of −0.1 mm and a mean RMS of 13.9 mm. Limitations of the present models are discussed and suggestions for further improvements are given. Numéro de notice : A2016-593 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1016/j.asr.2016.05.055 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2016.05.055 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81750
in Advances in space research > vol 58 n° 6 (September 2016) . - pp 1033 - 1043[article]Slicing method for curved façade and window extraction from point clouds / S.M. Iman Zolanvari in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 119 (September 2016)
[article]
Titre : Slicing method for curved façade and window extraction from point clouds Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : S.M. Iman Zolanvari, Auteur ; Debra F. Laefer, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 334 - 346 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Lasergrammétrie
[Termes IGN] analyse structurale
[Termes IGN] données lidar
[Termes IGN] données localisées 3D
[Termes IGN] façade
[Termes IGN] fenêtre (bâtiment)
[Termes IGN] modèle numérique
[Termes IGN] reconstruction 3D du bâti
[Termes IGN] semis de points
[Termes IGN] surveillance d'ouvrage
[Termes IGN] traitement de semis de pointsRésumé : (Auteur) Laser scanning technology is a fast and reliable method to survey structures. However, the automatic conversion of such data into solid models for computation remains a major challenge, especially where non-rectilinear features are present. Since, openings and the overall dimensions of the buildings are the most critical elements in computational models for structural analysis, this article introduces the Slicing Method as a new, computationally-efficient method for extracting overall façade and window boundary points for reconstructing a façade into a geometry compatible for computational modelling. After finding a principal plane, the technique slices a façade into limited portions, with each slice representing a unique, imaginary section passing through a building. This is done along a façade’s principal axes to segregate window and door openings from structural portions of the load-bearing masonry walls. The method detects each opening area’s boundaries, as well as the overall boundary of the façade, in part, by using a one-dimensional projection to accelerate processing. Slices were optimised as 14.3 slices per vertical metre of building and 25 slices per horizontal metre of building, irrespective of building configuration or complexity. The proposed procedure was validated by its application to three highly decorative, historic brick buildings. Accuracy in excess of 93% was achieved with no manual intervention on highly complex buildings and nearly 100% on simple ones. Furthermore, computational times were less than 3 sec for data sets up to 2.6 million points, while similar existing approaches required more than 16 hr for such datasets. Numéro de notice : A2016-787 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2016.06.011 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2016.06.011 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=82502
in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing > vol 119 (September 2016) . - pp 334 - 346[article]The impact of land use/land cover scale on modelling urban ecosystem services / Darren R. Grafius in Landscape ecology, vol 31 n° 7 (September 2016)
[article]
Titre : The impact of land use/land cover scale on modelling urban ecosystem services Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Darren R. Grafius, Auteur ; Ron Corstanje, Auteur ; Philip H. Warren, Auteur ; Karl L. Evans, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 1509 - 1522 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Environnement
[Termes IGN] analyse de sensibilité
[Termes IGN] données multiéchelles
[Termes IGN] érosion
[Termes IGN] modèle numérique
[Termes IGN] puits de carbone
[Termes IGN] Royaume-Uni
[Termes IGN] service écosystémiqueRésumé : (auteur) Context : Urbanisation places increasing stress on ecosystem services; however existing methods and data for testing relationships between service delivery and urban landscapes remain imprecise and uncertain. Unknown impacts of scale are among several factors that complicate research. This study models ecosystem services in the urban area comprising the towns of Milton Keynes, Bedford and Luton which together represent a wide range of the urban forms present in the UK.
Objectives : The objectives of this study were to test (1) the sensitivity of ecosystem service model outputs to the spatial resolution of input data, and (2) whether any resultant scale dependency is constant across different ecosystem services and model approaches (e.g. stock- versus flow-based).
Methods : Carbon storage, sediment erosion, and pollination were modelled with the InVEST framework using input data representative of common coarse (25 m) and fine (5 m) spatial resolutions.
Results : Fine scale analysis generated higher estimates of total carbon storage (9.32 vs. 7.17 kg m−2) and much lower potential sediment erosion estimates (6.4 vs. 18.1 Mg km−2 year−1) than analyses conducted at coarser resolutions; however coarse-scale analysis estimated more abundant pollination service provision.
Conclusions : Scale sensitivities depend on the type of service being modelled; stock estimates (e.g. carbon storage) are most sensitive to aggregation across scales, dynamic flow models (e.g. sediment erosion) are most sensitive to spatial resolution, and ecological process models involving both stocks and dynamics (e.g. pollination) are sensitive to both. Care must be taken to select model data appropriate to the scale of inquiry.Numéro de notice : A2016-907 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1007/s10980-015-0337-7 Date de publication en ligne : 19/01/2016 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-015-0337-7 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=83064
in Landscape ecology > vol 31 n° 7 (September 2016) . - pp 1509 - 1522[article]Allometric models for estimating tree volume and aboveground biomass in lowland forests of Tanzania / Wilson Ancelm Mugasha in International journal of forestry research, vol 2016 ([01/08/2016])
[article]
Titre : Allometric models for estimating tree volume and aboveground biomass in lowland forests of Tanzania Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Wilson Ancelm Mugasha, Auteur ; Ezekiel Edward Mwakalukwa, Auteur ; Emannuel Luoga, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : 13 p. Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation
[Termes IGN] allométrie
[Termes IGN] biomasse aérienne
[Termes IGN] densité du bois
[Termes IGN] modèle numérique
[Termes IGN] Tanzanie
[Termes IGN] volume en boisRésumé : (auteur) Models to assist management of lowland forests in Tanzania are in most cases lacking. Using a sample of 60 trees which were destructively harvested from both dry and wet lowland forests of Dindili in Morogoro Region (30 trees) and Rondo in Lindi Region (30 trees), respectively, this study developed site specific and general models for estimating total tree volume and aboveground biomass. Specifically the study developed (i) height-diameter (ht-dbh) models for trees found in the two sites, (ii) total, merchantable, and branches volume models, and (iii) total and sectional aboveground biomass models of trees found in the two study sites. The findings show that site specific ht-dbh model appears to be suitable in estimating tree height since the tree allometry was found to differ significantly between studied forests. The developed general volume models yielded unbiased mean prediction error and hence can adequately be applied to estimate tree volume in dry and wet lowland forests in Tanzania. General aboveground biomass model appears to yield biased estimates; hence, it is not suitable when accurate results are required. In this case, site specific biomass allometric models are recommended. Biomass allometric models which include basic wood density are highly recommended for improved estimates accuracy when such information is available. Numéro de notice : A2016--110 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1155/2016/8076271 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8076271 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=84741
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