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Size-density trajectories for even-aged sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) and common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stands revealing similarities and differences in the mortality process / François Ningre in Annals of Forest Science, Vol 76 n° 3 (September 2019)
[article]
Titre : Size-density trajectories for even-aged sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) and common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stands revealing similarities and differences in the mortality process Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : François Ningre, Auteur ; Jean-Marc Ottorini, Auteur ; Noël Le Goff, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] analyse comparative
[Termes IGN] croissance des arbres
[Termes IGN] densité du bois
[Termes IGN] diamètre à hauteur de poitrine
[Termes IGN] diamètre des arbres
[Termes IGN] Fagus sylvatica
[Termes IGN] gestion forestière durable
[Termes IGN] modèle de croissance végétale
[Termes IGN] mortalité
[Termes IGN] Quercus sessiliflora
[Vedettes matières IGN] SylvicultureRésumé : (auteur) Key message: We studied the size-density trajectories of pure even-aged unthinned experimental sessile oak ( Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) stands in the ranges of 994–135,555 trees per hectare initial densities, observed from the ages of 5 to 38. We compared them to unthinned beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) stands from the same experimental area. An original piecewise polynomial function was fitted to the trajectories, giving way to various applications. For each species, the initial number of trees per hectare ( N 0 ) and the mean girth at breast height at the onset of mortality (Cg 0 ) were parameters of the trajectory model, in addition to the parameters of the maximum size-density lines. The two former parameters (Cg 0, N 0 ) were tied by a linear relationship, which allowed the prediction of trajectories for initial densities not included in the study data. For oak and beech, mortality onset occurred at a constant relative density (RDI), for all initial stand densities, respectively, 0.35 and 0.29. The comparison of the size-density trajectories of oak and beech allowed to establish that oak needs more space than beech for comparable mean girth, and then is less efficient than beech in its space requirements.
Context: This paper models the size-density trajectories of pure even-aged sessile oak stands, including the early development stage. It compares the oak results with those on common beech on the same site from a previous study.
Aims: A novel approach to size-density trajectories, with an original polynomial piecewise function previously used for beech stands on the same site, was satisfactorily used again as a mortality model to provide references to managers of oak forests.
Material and methods: A 38-year-old oak spacing trial, re-measured from year 5 to year 38, provided the opportunity to study the size-density trajectories of unthinned stands of this species.
Results: The fit of the piecewise polynomial function allowed us to estimate the parameters of the size-density trajectories of all stands, which were the initial number of trees per hectare (N0) and the mean girth at breast height at the onset of mortality (Cg0), in addition to the intercept (a) and slope (b) of the maximum size-density line. A linear relationship between Ln(N0) and Ln(Cg0) (where Ln is the Neperian logarithm) allowed us to reduce the number of parameters needed to fit the trajectories and made it possible to predict a size-density trajectory from any initial density not observed in the experimental stands. Moreover, this later line appeared to be parallel to the maximum size-density line, and new data allowed to establish that this was also the case for the beech stands on the same site. This parallelism feature translates to the onset of mortality occurring at the same relative density for stands of every initial density that is 0.35 for oak and 0.29 for beech.
Conclusion: Given the parameters of the maximum size-density line, a single-parameter function family could be used to predict the size-density trajectories of oak stands. The predicted trajectories have various applications in oak silviculture and growth simulators. The oak data and new data for beech stands on the same site allowed to compare the two species and draw conclusions on similitudes and differences concerning mortality and space requirements of both species.Numéro de notice : A2019-306 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s13595-019-0855-6 Date de publication en ligne : 17/07/2019 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-019-0855-6 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=93243
in Annals of Forest Science > Vol 76 n° 3 (September 2019)[article]Background mortality drivers of European tree species: climate change matters / Adrien Taccoen in Proceedings of the Royal society B : Biological sciences, Vol 286 n° 1900 (April 2019)
[article]
Titre : Background mortality drivers of European tree species: climate change matters Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Adrien Taccoen, Auteur ; Christian Piedallu, Auteur ; Ingrid Seynave, Auteur ; Vincent Perez, Auteur ; Anne Gégout-Petit, Auteur ; Louis-Michel Nageleisen, Auteur ; Jean-Daniel Bontemps , Auteur ; Jean-Claude Gégout, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Projets : 1-Pas de projet / Article en page(s) : 10 p. Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] changement climatique
[Termes IGN] espèce végétale
[Termes IGN] forêt tempérée
[Termes IGN] inventaire forestier national (données France)
[Termes IGN] mortalité
[Termes IGN] vulnérabilité
[Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatiqueRésumé : (auteur) Increases in tree mortality rates have been highlighted in different biomes over the past decades. However, disentangling the effects of climate change on the temporal increase in tree mortality from those of management and forest dynamics remains a challenge. Using a modelling approach taking tree and stand characteristics into account, we sought to evaluate the impact of climate change on background mortality for the most common European tree species. We focused on background mortality, which is the mortality observed in a stand in the absence of abrupt disturbances, to avoid confusion with mortality events unrelated to long-term changes in temperature and rainfall. We studied 372 974 trees including 7312 dead trees from forest inventory data surveyed across France between 2009 and 2015. Factors related to competition, stand characteristics, management intensity, and site conditions were the expected preponderant drivers of mortality. Taking these main drivers into account, we detected a climate change signal on 45% of the 43 studied species, explaining an average 6% of the total modelled mortality. For 18 out of the 19 species sensitive to climate change, we evidenced greater mortality with increasing temperature or decreasing rainfall. By quantifying the mortality excess linked to the current climate change for European temperate forest tree species, we provide new insights into forest vulnerability that will prove useful for adapting forest management to future conditions. Numéro de notice : A2019-338 Affiliation des auteurs : LIF+Ext (2012-2019) Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1098/rspb.2019.0386 Date de publication en ligne : 10/04/2019 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0386 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=93372
in Proceedings of the Royal society B : Biological sciences > Vol 286 n° 1900 (April 2019) . - 10 p.[article]How do tree mortality models from combined tree-ring and inventory data affect projections of forest succession? / Marco Vanoni in Forest ecology and management, vol 433 (15 February 2019)
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Titre : How do tree mortality models from combined tree-ring and inventory data affect projections of forest succession? Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Marco Vanoni, Auteur ; Maxime Cailleret, Auteur ; Lisa Hülsmann, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : pp 606 - 617 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation
[Termes IGN] Abies alba
[Termes IGN] arbre (flore)
[Termes IGN] arbre mort
[Termes IGN] croissance des arbres
[Termes IGN] diamètre des arbres
[Termes IGN] données dendrométriques
[Termes IGN] dynamique de la végétation
[Termes IGN] Europe centrale
[Termes IGN] Fagus sylvatica
[Termes IGN] forêt
[Termes IGN] inventaire forestier étranger (données)
[Termes IGN] Larix decidua
[Termes IGN] modèle de croissance végétale
[Termes IGN] modèle de simulation
[Termes IGN] mortalité
[Termes IGN] Picea abies
[Termes IGN] Pinus cembra
[Termes IGN] prévision
[Termes IGN] Quercus (genre)
[Termes IGN] SuisseRésumé : (auteur) Tree mortality is caused by complex interactions between multiple biotic and abiotic factors. Processes of tree mortality that are not induced by natural disturbances are often reflected in distinct radial growth patterns of trees, which typically serve as reliable indicators of impending tree mortality. However, it remains unclear whether empirical mortality models that are based on tree size and growth result in more realistic projections of forest succession in dynamic vegetation models (DVMs). We used a combination of tree-ring and inventory data from unmanaged Swiss natural forest reserves to derive species-specific survival models for six Central European tree species (Abies alba, Fagus sylvatica, Larix decidua, Picea abies, Pinus cembra and Quercus spp.). We jointly used 528 tree-ring samples and inventory data from eight forest reserves. We implemented the estimated parameters of the survival models into the DVM ForClim and performed simulations of forest succession that were validated using the inventory data of the forest reserves. Size- and growth-dependent variables (i.e., diameter at breast height and mean ring width) over the last few years prior to tree death were reliable predictors to distinguish between dying and living trees. Very low mean ring widths over several preceding years as well as small and large trees, respectively, reflected low survival probabilities. However, the small sample sizes of small and large trees resulted in considerable uncertainty of the survival probabilities. The implementation of these survival models in ForClim yielded plausible projections in short-term simulations and for some sites improved the predictions compared to the current ForClim version. Stand basal area, however, tended to be overestimated. Long-term simulations of ForClim based on the empirical survival models resulted in realistic predictions only if the uncertainty of the predicted survival probabilities was considered. We conclude that the combination of different data sources in combination with the consideration of intra-specific trait variability yields robust predictions of tree survival probabilities, thus paving the way towards better tree mortality models and more reliable projections of future forest dynamics. Numéro de notice : A2019-009 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2018.11.042 Date de publication en ligne : 29/11/2018 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.11.042 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=91603
in Forest ecology and management > vol 433 (15 February 2019) . - pp 606 - 617[article]Estimation of ash mortality induced by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus in France and Belgium / Benoît Marçais in Baltic forestry, vol 23 n° 1 ([01/01/2017])
[article]
Titre : Estimation of ash mortality induced by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus in France and Belgium Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Benoît Marçais, Auteur ; Claude Husson, Auteur ; Olivier Caël, Auteur ; Arnaud Dowkiw, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : pp 159 - 167 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] arbre mort
[Termes IGN] Belgique
[Termes IGN] diamètre à hauteur de poitrine
[Termes IGN] foresterie
[Termes IGN] France (administrative)
[Termes IGN] Fraxinus angustifolia
[Termes IGN] Fraxinus excelsior
[Termes IGN] Fungi
[Termes IGN] maladie phytosanitaire
[Termes IGN] mortalité
[Vedettes matières IGN] SylvicultureRésumé : (auteur) Ash dieback induced by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus has emerged as one of the most serious health problem for European forests in the last ten years. However, precise estimation of the mortality induced by the pathogen is still scarce and this hampers management of affected stands. In this work, we used data of several surveys done since 2010 in France and Belgium to estimate the mortality rate associated with ash decline depending on the time of the pathogen presence in the area; for that a 2 steps procedure was used. First, we did an estimation of the frequency and severity of collar lesions associated with H. fraxineus depending on the length of the pathogen presence and for 2 trees size classes (lower or higher than 25 cm dbh). Then the annual mortality rate was estimated depending on collar lesion severity, dbh class (lower or higher than 25 cm) and time since pathogen presence. The global mortality induced by H. fraxineus was computed from those 2 types of data by a bootstrap approach. Additionally one survey observing young stands was used from which mortality was computed directly. We find that if mortality is drastic in very young ash stand affected by H. fraxineus (less than 5 cm dbh), with annual mortality reaching 35% 5-6 years after arrival of the pathogen in the stand, it is much more moderate for trees with dbh above 25 cm, with annual mortality reaching 3.2% after 8-9 years of pathogen presence. Annual mortality rates are intermediate for trees in the 5-25 cm dbh class and reached 10-11% after 8-9 years of pathogen presence. Numéro de notice : A2017-901 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : sans En ligne : https://balticforestry.lammc.lt/bf/PDF_Articles/2017-23%5B1%5D/Baltic%20Forestry [...] Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=93360
in Baltic forestry > vol 23 n° 1 [01/01/2017] . - pp 159 - 167[article]Géographie de la mortalité routière en Europe / V. Eksler in Revue internationale de géomatique, vol 20 n° 4 (décembre 2010 – février 2011)
[article]
Titre : Géographie de la mortalité routière en Europe Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : V. Eksler, Auteur ; Sylvain Lassarre, Auteur ; Isabelle Thomas, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp 481 - 498 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Français (fre) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Analyse spatiale
[Termes IGN] analyse comparative
[Termes IGN] analyse spatiale
[Termes IGN] carte thématique
[Termes IGN] classification bayesienne
[Termes IGN] Europe (géographie politique)
[Termes IGN] mortalité
[Termes IGN] sécurité routièreRésumé : (Auteur) L’objectif de ce travail est de modéliser les variations spatiales d’un indicateur classique de mortalité routière à l’intérieur de l’Europe en 2004 pour montrer l’intérêt d’une approche désagrégée régionale comparée à une approche agrégée nationale. Sur la base de statistiques des forces de police, un modèle bayésien permet de contrôler l’effet de la densité de la population ainsi que celui des pays, et donc de fournir un nouveau classement des pays qui neutralise l’effet de la densité à l’échelle régionale. Une nouvelle cartographie de la mortalité routière est proposée. Comme la part des variations infrarégionale et régionale est du même ordre de grandeur que celle des variations nationales, notre analyse révèle une grande hétérogénéité du risque relatif à l’intérieur des pays, avec des structures spatiales spécifiques dans certains pays. Numéro de notice : A2010-546 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueNat DOI : 10.3166/rig.20.481-498 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.3166/rig.20.481-498 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=30738
in Revue internationale de géomatique > vol 20 n° 4 (décembre 2010 – février 2011) . - pp 481 - 498[article]Réservation
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