Descripteur
Termes IGN > sciences naturelles > sciences de la vie > biologie > botanique > phytogéographie
phytogéographie
Commentaire :
écologie végétale. >> inventaire de la végétation, distribution géographique, acclimatation (botanique), phytogéographie, introduction (botanique), migration (botanique), plante endémique, réintroduction (botanique), plante allochtone. >>Terme(s) spécifique(s) : limite de la végétation. Equiv. LCSH : Phytogeography. Domaine(s) : 570; 580. |
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Digital aerial photogrammetry can efficiently support large-area forest inventories in Norway / Lars Johannes in Forestry, an international journal of forest research, vol 90 n° 5 (December 2017)
[article]
Titre : Digital aerial photogrammetry can efficiently support large-area forest inventories in Norway Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Lars Johannes, Auteur ; Johannes Breidenbach, Auteur ; Svein Solberg, Auteur ; Erik Naesset, Auteur ; Rasmus Astrup, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : pp 710 - 718 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Photogrammétrie numérique
[Termes IGN] biomasse forestière
[Termes IGN] hauteur des arbres
[Termes IGN] inventaire forestier (techniques et méthodes)
[Termes IGN] inventaire forestier étranger (données)
[Termes IGN] Norvège
[Termes IGN] photogrammétrie aérienne
[Termes IGN] semis de points
[Termes IGN] surface terrière
[Termes IGN] volume en boisRésumé : (Auteur) The use of digital aerial photogrammetry (DAP) for forest inventory purposes has been widely studied and can produce comparable accuracy compared with airborne laser scanning (ALS) in small, homogeneous areas. However, the accuracy of DAP for large scale applications with heterogeneous terrain and forest vegetation has not yet been reported. In this study we examined the accuracy of timber volume, biomass and basal area prediction models based on DAP and national forest inventory (NFI) data on a large area in central Norway. Two separate point clouds were derived from aerial image acquisitions of 2010 and 2013. Vegetation heights were extracted by subtracting terrain elevation derived from ALS. A large number of NFI sample plots (483) measured between 2010 and 2014 were used as reference data to fit linear models for timber volume, biomass and basal area with height metrics derived from the DAP data as explanatory variables. Variables describing the heterogeneous environmental and image acquisition conditions were calculated and their influence on the model accuracy was tested. The results showed that forest parameter prediction using DAP works well when applied to a large area. The model fits of the timber volume, biomass and basal area models were good with R2 of 0.80, 0.81, 0.81 and RMSEs of 41.43 m3 ha−1 (55% of the mean observed value), 32.49 t ha−1 (47%), 5.19 m2 ha−1 (41%), respectively. Only a small proportion of the variation could be attributed to the heterogeneous conditions. The inclusion of the relative sun inclination led to an improvement of the model RMSEs by 2% of the mean observed values. The relatively low cost and stability across large areas make DAP an attractive source of auxiliary information for large scale forest inventories. Numéro de notice : A2017-905 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET/IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1093/forestry/cpx027 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpx027 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=93207
in Forestry, an international journal of forest research > vol 90 n° 5 (December 2017) . - pp 710 - 718[article]Effect of occupation time on the horizontal accuracy of a mapping-grade GNSS receiver under dense forest canopy / Robert J. McGaughey in Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, PERS, vol 83 n° 12 (December 2017)
[article]
Titre : Effect of occupation time on the horizontal accuracy of a mapping-grade GNSS receiver under dense forest canopy Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Robert J. McGaughey, Auteur ; Kamal Ahmed, Auteur ; Hans-Erik Andersen, Auteur ; Stephen E. Reutebuch, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : PP 861 - 868 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] analyse comparative
[Termes IGN] densité de la végétation
[Termes IGN] Etats-Unis
[Termes IGN] forêt
[Termes IGN] inventaire forestier (techniques et méthodes)
[Termes IGN] inventaire forestier étranger (données)
[Termes IGN] lever topographique
[Termes IGN] récepteur bifréquence
[Termes IGN] récepteur GPS
[Vedettes matières IGN] Inventaire forestierRésumé : (Auteur) A mapping-grade dual frequency GNSS receiver was tested under dense forest canopy to determine the effect of occupation time on horizontal accuracy. The U.S. Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis unit in the Pacific Northwest has been using 32 of these units to collect over 7,000 plot locations since 2013. In this study, one-hour GNSS static occupations were collected at 33 ground-surveyed positions with Trimble GeoXH6000 mapping-grade and Javad Triumph1 survey-grade receivers. Rover files were differentially post-processed and horizontal accuracy of each post-processed position was computed. Results indicated that 1.85 m accuracy (n = 990) could be achieved with the GeoXH6000 receiver with 15-minute occupations; however, maximum horizontal error was 7.01 m. Increasing occupation time to 20 minutes did not result in a significant improvement in accuracy. No correlation was found between the horizontal precision of a post-processed position reported by the postprocessing software and the field-measured horizontal accuracy of the positions. Numéro de notice : A2017-805 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET/POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article DOI : 10.14358/PERS.83.12.861 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.83.12.861 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=89166
in Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, PERS > vol 83 n° 12 (December 2017) . - PP 861 - 868[article]Microtopography and ecology of pit-mound structures in second-growth versus old-growth forests / Audrey Barker Plotkin in Forest ecology and management, vol 404 (15 November 2017)
[article]
Titre : Microtopography and ecology of pit-mound structures in second-growth versus old-growth forests Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Audrey Barker Plotkin, Auteur ; Peter Schoonmaker, Auteur ; Bennet Leon, Auteur ; David Foster, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : pp 14 - 23 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation
[Termes IGN] analyse comparative
[Termes IGN] Betula (genre)
[Termes IGN] forêt ancienne
[Termes IGN] microtopographie
[Termes IGN] richesse floristique
[Termes IGN] structure d'un peuplement forestier
[Termes IGN] tempêteRésumé : (auteur) Pit and mound microtopography is an important structural component of most forests, influencing soil processes and habitat diversity. These features have diminished greatly in northeastern U.S. forests since European settlement, as a result of the history of repeated logging, land-clearance followed by reforestation, and the smaller size of trees (and therefore windthrow features) comprising the prevailing second-growth forests. Despite the potential importance of this region-wide shift in forest microtopography on ecosystem structure and function, the differences in pit and mound size, distribution, and longevity between second-growth and old-growth forests are unexplored. Likewise, although many studies demonstrate that mounds and/or pits are hotspots for tree regeneration there is scant information about whether location on a mound or pit affects tree survival and growth beyond the seedling stage, or whether microtopographic regeneration patterns differ in old-growth and second-growth forests.
We compare a simulated hurricane experiment initiated in 1990 in second-growth forest (the pulldown) and an old-growth forest that was blown down by a hurricane in 1938 (Pisgah) to examine differences in pit-mound microtopography and ecology between second-growth and old-growth forest. At Pisgah, fewer, larger mounds comprised a similar areal coverage as at the pulldown. Repeated measurements of individual pit-mound structures in the pulldown revealed that pit infill proceeded more rapidly than mound erosion. Mound area increased but height decreased over time as soil from the mound tops eroded and spread around the mound base. Although 40% of mounds in the pulldown were >1 m tall immediately after the manipulation (maximum of 2.9 m), after 25 years, maximum mound height was 0.9 m. In contrast, 11% of mounds at Pisgah remained >1 m tall in 1989, 50 years after blowdown. At both sites, trees, especially Betula spp., were disproportionately found on mounds. Fewer trees than expected grew in pits at Pisgah. Tree mortality was somewhat higher on mounds and pits than on other substrates. As a mechanism to increase stand-level tree diversity, windthrow may be more critical in old-growth forests, in which niches for early-mid successional species are few, than in second-growth forest, in which early-mid successional species already comprise the majority of the trees. Pit-mound structures are a diminished component of second-growth forest, and silvicultural techniques designed to restore old-growth characteristics could include measures to preserve and enhance pit-mound features, and to cultivate large-diameter trees that will eventually create the large, long-lasting pit-mounds of the future.Numéro de notice : A2017-806 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2017.08.012 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2017.08.012 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=89243
in Forest ecology and management > vol 404 (15 November 2017) . - pp 14 - 23[article]Tree size thresholds produce biased estimates of forest biomass dynamics / Eric B. Searle in Forest ecology and management, vol 400 (15 September 2017)
[article]
Titre : Tree size thresholds produce biased estimates of forest biomass dynamics Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Eric B. Searle, Auteur ; Han Y.H. Chen, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : pp 468 - 474 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] biomasse aérienne
[Termes IGN] changement climatique
[Termes IGN] diamètre des arbres
[Termes IGN] échantillonnage
[Termes IGN] erreur systématique
[Termes IGN] estimation statistique
[Termes IGN] forêt boréale
[Termes IGN] inventaire forestier (techniques et méthodes)
[Termes IGN] inventaire forestier étranger (données)
[Termes IGN] Manitoba (Canada)
[Termes IGN] placette d'échantillonnage
[Termes IGN] seuillage
[Vedettes matières IGN] Inventaire forestierRésumé : (auteur) Studies that examine forest biomass dynamics often rely on long-term, spatially extensive, repeatedly measured permanent sample plots. Due to the intensive cost of sampling all trees within these plots, an arbitrary size threshold is typically imposed, which leads to only larger trees being sampled. However, it remains unclear whether the sampling of only large trees is representative of the entirety of stands of diverse sizes; the sampling of only large trees may produce biased estimates of biomass dynamics (growth, ingrowth, and mortality). Using a network of 141 permanent sample plots from Manitoba, Canada, with all trees of >1.3 m in height repeatedly measured, we constructed three distinct data sets, with 10 cm, 5 cm, and no diameter at breast height threshold, to illustrate that total productivity and mortality are increasingly underestimated with increasingly larger diameter at breast height thresholds. This effect is particularly significant in young stands, where productivity estimates peak at least 20 years earlier than the determined estimates under large thresholds. We highlight the need to account for smaller trees in long-term observational studies to ensure unbiased estimates of stand level aboveground biomass productivity and loss. Numéro de notice : A2017-807 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET/MATHEMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2017.06.042 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2017.06.042 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=89245
in Forest ecology and management > vol 400 (15 September 2017) . - pp 468 - 474[article]Biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning in a 15-year grassland experiment: patterns, mechanisms, and open questions / Wolfgang W. Weisser in Basic and Applied Ecology, vol 23 (September 2017)
[article]
Titre : Biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning in a 15-year grassland experiment: patterns, mechanisms, and open questions Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Wolfgang W. Weisser, Auteur ; Christiane Roscher, Auteur ; Sebastian Meyer, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Ecologie
[Termes IGN] azote
[Termes IGN] biomasse
[Termes IGN] carbone
[Termes IGN] écosystème
[Termes IGN] gaz à effet de serre
[Termes IGN] nutriment végétal
[Termes IGN] placette d'échantillonnage
[Termes IGN] potassium
[Termes IGN] puits de carbone
[Termes IGN] richesse floristique
[Termes IGN] sol
[Termes IGN] stabilitéRésumé : (auteur) In the past two decades, a large number of studies have investigated the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, most of which focussed on a limited set of ecosystem variables. The Jena Experiment was set up in 2002 to investigate the effects of plant diversity on element cycling and trophic interactions, using a multi-disciplinary approach. Here, we review the results of 15 years of research in the Jena Experiment, focussing on the effects of manipulating plant species richness and plant functional richness. With more than 85,000 measures taken from the plant diversity plots, the Jena Experiment has allowed answering fundamental questions important for functional biodiversity research.
First, the question was how general the effect of plant species richness is, regarding the many different processes that take place in an ecosystem. About 45% of different types of ecosystem processes measured in the ‘main experiment’, where plant species richness ranged from 1 to 60 species, were significantly affected by plant species richness, providing strong support for the view that biodiversity is a significant driver of ecosystem functioning. Many measures were not saturating at the 60-species level, but increased linearly with the logarithm of species richness. There was, however, great variability in the strength of response among different processes. One striking pattern was that many processes, in particular belowground processes, took several years to respond to the manipulation of plant species richness, showing that biodiversity experiments have to be long-term, to distinguish trends from transitory patterns. In addition, the results from the Jena Experiment provide further evidence that diversity begets stability, for example stability against invasion of plant species, but unexpectedly some results also suggested the opposite, e.g. when plant communities experience severe perturbations or elevated resource availability. This highlights the need to revisit diversity-stability theory.
Second, we explored whether individual plant species or individual plant functional groups, or biodiversity itself is more important for ecosystem functioning, in particular biomass production. We found strong effects of individual species and plant functional groups on biomass production, yet these effects often occurred mostly in addition to, but not instead of, effects of plant species richness.
Third, the Jena Experiment assessed the effect of diversity on multitrophic interactions. The diversity of most organisms responded positively to increases in plant species richness, and the effect was stronger for above- than for belowground organisms, and stronger for herbivores than for carnivores or detritivores. Thus, diversity begets diversity. In addition, the effect on organismic diversity was stronger than the effect on species abundances.
Fourth, the Jena Experiment aimed to assess the effect of diversity on N, P and C cycling and the water balance of the plots, separating between element input into the ecosystem, element turnover, element stocks, and output from the ecosystem. While inputs were generally less affected by plant species richness, measures of element stocks, turnover and output were often positively affected by plant diversity, e.g. carbon storage strongly increased with increasing plant species richness. Variables of the N cycle responded less strongly to plant species richness than variables of the C cycle.
Fifth, plant traits are often used to unravel mechanisms underlying the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationship. In the Jena Experiment, most investigated plant traits, both above- and belowground, were plastic and trait expression depended on plant diversity in a complex way, suggesting limitation to using database traits for linking plant traits to particular functions.
Sixth, plant diversity effects on ecosystem processes are often caused by plant diversity effects on species interactions. Analyses in the Jena Experiment including structural equation modelling suggest complex interactions that changed with diversity, e.g. soil carbon storage and greenhouse gas emission were affected by changes in the composition and activity of the belowground microbial community. Manipulation experiments where particular organisms, e.g. belowground invertebrates, were excluded from plots in split-plot experiments, supported the important role of the biotic component for element and water fluxes.
Seventh, the Jena Experiment aimed to put the results into the context of agricultural practices in managed grasslands. The effect of increasing plant species richness from 1 to 16 species on plant biomass was, in absolute terms, as strong as the effect of a more intensive grassland management, using fertiliser and increasing mowing frequency. Potential bioenergy production from high-diversity plots was similar to that of conventionally used energy crops. These results suggest that diverse ‘High Nature Value Grasslands’ are multifunctional and can deliver a range of ecosystem services including production-related services.
A final task was to assess the importance of potential artefacts in biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships, caused by the weeding of the plant community to maintain plant species composition. While the effort (in hours) needed to weed a plot was often negatively related to plant species richness, species richness still affected the majority of ecosystem variables. Weeding also did not negatively affect monoculture performance; rather, monocultures deteriorated over time for a number of biological reasons, as shown in plant-soil feedback experiments.
To summarize, the Jena Experiment has allowed for a comprehensive analysis of the functional role of biodiversity in an ecosystem. A main challenge for future biodiversity research is to increase our mechanistic understanding of why the magnitude of biodiversity effects differs among processes and contexts. It is likely that there will be no simple answer. For example, among the multitude of mechanisms suggested to underlie the positive plant species richness effect on biomass, some have received limited support in the Jena Experiment, such as vertical root niche partitioning. However, others could not be rejected in targeted analyses. Thus, from the current results in the Jena Experiment it seems likely that the positive biodiversity effect results from several mechanisms acting simultaneously in more diverse communities, such as reduced pathogen attack, the presence of more plant growth promoting organisms, less seed limitation, and increased trait differences leading to complementarity in resource uptake. Distinguishing between different mechanisms requires careful testing of competing hypotheses. Biodiversity research has matured such that predictive approaches testing particular mechanisms are now possible.Numéro de notice : A2017-352 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : BIODIVERSITE/FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.baae.2017.06.002 Date de publication en ligne : 26/06/2017 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2017.06.002 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=85690
in Basic and Applied Ecology > vol 23 (September 2017)[article]Inventaire faune, flore et habitats sur la zone humide de Petelin (Corbelin et Veyrins-Thuellin, Nord-Isère) / Alexandre Gauthier in Lo Parvi, n° 25 (2017)PermalinkA Markov chain model for simulating wood supply from any-aged forest management based on national forest inventory (NFI) data / Jari Vauhkonen in Forests, vol 8 n° 9 (September 2017)PermalinkA spatial dataset of forest mensuration collected in black pine plantations in central Italy / Paolo Cantiani in Annals of Forest Science, vol 74 n° 3 (September 2017)PermalinkHybrid three-phase estimators for large-area forest inventory using ground plots, airborne lidar, and space lidar / Sören Holm in Remote sensing of environment, vol 197 (August 2017)PermalinkImage matching as a data source for forest inventory – Comparison of semi-global matching and next-generation automatic terrain extraction algorithms in a typical managed boreal forest environment / Mari Kukkonen in International journal of applied Earth observation and geoinformation, vol 60 (August 2017)PermalinkImproving Finnish multi-source national forest inventory by 3D aerial imaging / Sakari Tuominen in Silva fennica, vol 51 n° 4 (2017)PermalinkFusing tree‐ring and forest inventory data to infer influences on tree growth / Margaret E.K. Evans in Ecosphere, vol 8 n° 7 (July 2017)PermalinkEstimating the spatial distribution, extent and potential lignocellulosic biomass supply of Trees Outside Forests in Baden-Wuerttemberg using airborne LiDAR and OpenStreetMap data / Joachim Maack in International journal of applied Earth observation and geoinformation, vol 58 (June 2017)PermalinkRecent growth changes in Western European forests are driven by climate warming and structured across tree species climatic habitats / Marie Charru in Annals of Forest Science, vol 74 n° 2 (June 2017)PermalinkTerrestrial Laser Scanning for forest inventories : Tree diameter distribution and scanner location impact on occlusion / Meinrad Abegg in Forests, vol 8 n° 6 (June 2017)PermalinkApproche d’estimation du volume-tige de peuplements forestiers par combinaison de données Landsat et données terrain : Application à la pineraie de Tlemcen-Algérie / Kada Bencherif in Revue Française de Photogrammétrie et de Télédétection, n° 215 (mai - août 2017)PermalinkA cyber-enabled spatial decision support system to inventory mangroves in Mozambique: coupling scientific workflows and cloud computing / Wenwu Tang in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 31 n° 5-6 (May-June 2017)PermalinkDeveloping an integrated cloud-based spatial-temporal system for monitoring phenology / M. Cope in Ecological Informatics, vol 39 (May 2017)PermalinkIndividual tree basal area increment models for broadleaved forests in Bhutan / Jigme Tenzin in Forestry, an international journal of forest research, vol 90 n° 3 (May 2017)PermalinkSuivis nationaux de biodiversité en forêt en France : une lecture au travers des variables essentielles de biodiversité / Yoan Paillet in Naturae, n° 6 ([19/04/2017])PermalinkEvaluation des ressources forestières pour la bioéconomie : quels nouveaux besoins et comment y répondre ? / Jean-Christophe Hervé in Innovations Agronomiques, vol 56 (Mars 2017)PermalinkL’expansion séculaire des forêts françaises est dominée par l’accroissement du stock sur pied et ne sature pas dans le temps / Anaïs Denardou-Tisserand in Revue forestière française, vol 69 n° 4-5 (2017)PermalinkMapping forest attributes using data from stereophotogrammetry of aerial images and field data from the national forest inventory / Jonas Bohlin in Silva fennica, vol 51 n° 2 (2017)PermalinkMapping spatial distribution of forest age in China / Yuan Zhang in Earth and space science, vol 4 n° 3 (March 2017)PermalinkInconsistent estimates of forest cover change in China between 2000 and 2013 from multiple datasets: differences in parameters, spatial resolution, and definitions / Yan Li in Scientific reports, vol 7 (2017)Permalink