Descripteur
Termes IGN > sciences naturelles > sciences de la vie > biologie > botanique > phytogéographie
phytogéographie
Commentaire :
écologie végétale. >> inventaire de la végétation, distribution géographique, acclimatation (botanique), phytogéographie, introduction (botanique), migration (botanique), plante endémique, réintroduction (botanique), plante allochtone. >>Terme(s) spécifique(s) : limite de la végétation. Equiv. LCSH : Phytogeography. Domaine(s) : 570; 580. |
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Environmental, spatial and temporal drivers of plant community composition in British forest habitat / Adam Robert Kimberley (2015)
Titre : Environmental, spatial and temporal drivers of plant community composition in British forest habitat Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Adam Robert Kimberley, Auteur Editeur : Lancaster [Royaume-Uni] : Lancaster University Année de publication : 2015 Importance : 197 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Note générale : bibliographie
thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the degree of
doctor of PhilosophyLangues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] analyse diachronique
[Termes IGN] Angleterre
[Termes IGN] association végétale
[Termes IGN] composition floristique
[Termes IGN] corridor biologique
[Termes IGN] habitat forestier
[Termes IGN] politique de conservation (biodiversité)
[Vedettes matières IGN] Ecologie forestièreRésumé : (auteur) Broadleaved forest habitat is important for a number of ecosystem functions and as a refuge for many rare plant species in human-modified landscapes. It is however, threatened by global change drivers such as deforestation and the associated fragmentation of remaining habitat areas, along with increased disturbance and exposure to nutrient inputs from surrounding intensive agriculture. This thesis uses a unique combination of data on plant species occurrence, local environmental conditions and forest spatial extent in order to investigate the ways in which species richness and functional diversity in forest communities are dependent upon local and landscape scale drivers, and to quantify the strength of these relationships. This provides novel understanding of the response of forest plants with different life history traits to the configuration and quality of available habitat, and therefore the way in which understorey assemblages are likely to alter over time following landscape change. Results highlight the importance of local environmental conditions within forest patches but also suggest that patch area and landscape connectivity have an important effect on the trait composition of communities. Preserving large, well connected areas of habitat is therefore likely to be key for the conservation of many species, particularly rarer forest specialists which often possess traits linked to low dispersal ability. Furthermore, there is evidence that species are slow to respond to changes in the spatial extent of habitat. As such, considering the history of forest patches is necessary in order to explain present day patterns in plant species occurrence and to devise effective conservation measures. This highlights the need to integrate understanding of local and landscape scale processes with temporal data in order to properly understand the way in which forest communities are formed and to predict ongoing change under expected global change scenarios. Note de contenu : 1. Introduction
2. literature review : spatial and temporal drivers of forest plant community composition
3. Identifying the trait syndromes of conservation indicator species: how distinct are British ancient woodland indicator from other woodland species ?
4. Trait of plant communities in fragmented forests: the relative influence of habitat spatial configuration and local abiotic conditions
5. How well is current plant trait composition predicted by modern and historical forest spatial configuration ?
6. Forest change in the Anthropocene: do we need to combine habitat suitability and landscape connectivity to model understorey biodiversity ?
7. ConclusionsNuméro de notice : 17358 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : BIODIVERSITE/FORET Nature : Thèse étrangère Note de thèse : PhD thesis : : Lancaster : 2015 En ligne : http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/75551/ Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=83826 Une gestion mieux adaptée sur la piste d’un inventaire forestier multi-sources / Jean-Marc Frémont in Forêts de France, n° 580 (janvier/février 2015)
[article]
Titre : Une gestion mieux adaptée sur la piste d’un inventaire forestier multi-sources Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Jean-Marc Frémont, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : pp 34 - 35 Langues : Français (fre) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] inventaire forestier (techniques et méthodes)
[Termes IGN] inventaire forestier national (données France)
[Termes IGN] ressources forestières
[Vedettes matières IGN] Inventaire forestierRésumé : (auteur) L'IGN et l'INRA ont conclu un partenariat pour notamment optimiser la mise en place d'un inventaire forestier multi-sources. A terme, sa mise en place permettra de mieux répondre aux attentes et interrogations des gestionnaires forestiers. Numéro de notice : A2015-065 Affiliation des auteurs : IGN (2012-2019) Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtSansCL DOI : sans Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=75343
in Forêts de France > n° 580 (janvier/février 2015) . - pp 34 - 35[article]Exemplaires(1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité IFN-001-P001667 FOR Revue Nogent-sur-Vernisson Salle périodiques Exclu du prêt Modalités de représentation en 3D de données issues du SIG2D, pour la conception et la simulation / Olivier Jest (2015)
Titre : Modalités de représentation en 3D de données issues du SIG2D, pour la conception et la simulation Type de document : Mémoire Auteurs : Olivier Jest, Auteur Editeur : Strasbourg : Institut National des Sciences Appliquées INSA Strasbourg Année de publication : 2015 Importance : 71 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Note générale : Bibliographie
Mémoire de fin d'études INSA StrasbourgLangues : Français (fre) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] bibliothèque de formes
[Termes IGN] chaîne de traitement
[Termes IGN] CityGML
[Termes IGN] classe d'objets
[Termes IGN] détection d'objet
[Termes IGN] données localisées 2D
[Termes IGN] données localisées 3D
[Termes IGN] état de l'art
[Termes IGN] flore locale
[Termes IGN] FME
[Termes IGN] format OBJ
[Termes IGN] intégration de données
[Termes IGN] maquette numérique
[Termes IGN] métropole
[Termes IGN] mobilier urbain
[Termes IGN] orientation relative
[Termes IGN] SIG 3D
[Termes IGN] Strasbourg
[Termes IGN] symbole graphique 3D
[Termes IGN] VBA
[Termes IGN] visualisation 3D
[Vedettes matières IGN] GéovisualisationIndex. décimale : INSAS Mémoires d'ingénieur de l'INSA Strasbourg - Topographie, ex ENSAIS Résumé : (Auteur) L'objectif de ces travaux réalisés au sein du service Géomatique et Connaissance du Territoire de l'Eurométropole de Strasbourg est l'exploitation des données issues du SIG2D pour enrichir la maquette numérique du SIG3D. Cet objectif est réalisé en trois phases : l'étude des données du SIG2D, l'extraction et la transformation automatique des informations exploitables ; la représentation de la donnée avec la mise en place d'une bibliothèque de symboles 3D adaptés à nos besoins ; l'assemblage et la visualisation de la maquette 3D dans les logiciels. Ces recherches ont été menées lors de l'intégration de la classe des arbres, classe d'objets ayant un impact fort dans le rendu visuel de la maquette. Pour pallier au manque de connaissance des arbres du territoire, nous avons développé une méthode de détection automatique à partir du MNE. Cette méthode crée des fichiers de points d'arbres peuplant fidèlement les forêts mais détectant aussi les arbres isolés. Nous avons créé une chaîne de création automatique des symboles d'arbres pour notre maquette. Numéro de notice : 22483 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Mémoire ingénieur INSAS Organisme de stage : Eurométropole de Strasbourg Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80728 Documents numériques
en open access
22483_Modalités de représentation en 3D de données issues du SIG2D, pour la conception et la simulation_Jest.pdfAdobe Acrobat PDF Past, present, and future of forest accounting: an overview of the French experience / Alexandra Niedzwiedz in Annals of Forest Science, vol 72 n° 1 (January 2015)
[article]
Titre : Past, present, and future of forest accounting: an overview of the French experience Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Alexandra Niedzwiedz, Auteur ; Claire Montagné-Huck, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : pp 1 - 7 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation
[Termes IGN] bilan économique
[Termes IGN] comptabilité
[Termes IGN] données environnementales
[Termes IGN] données statistiques
[Termes IGN] forêt
[Termes IGN] France (administrative)
[Termes IGN] inventaire forestier national (données France)Résumé : (auteur)
Aims : This paper reminds the historical context of the development of the European framework for forest accounting and claims in favor of a better integration of economic and environmental issues in a consistent accounting framework.
Context : Few articles are available on this topic, especially about development on forest accounting in France.
Method : The French experience in this field is presented as expression of importance and difficulties related to this exercise.
Conclusion : Discussion is open on broader international theoretical and practical challenges beyond forest accounting.Numéro de notice : A2015-379 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1007/s13595-014-0410-4 Date de publication en ligne : 31/07/2014 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-014-0410-4 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=76862
in Annals of Forest Science > vol 72 n° 1 (January 2015) . - pp 1 - 7[article]
Titre : To die or not to die: Forest dynamics in Switzerland under climate change Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Nicolas Bircher, Auteur Editeur : Zurich : Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule ETH - Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich EPFZ Année de publication : 2015 Collection : Dissertationen ETH num. 22775 Importance : 188 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Note générale : bibliographie
A thesis submitted to attain the degree of doctor of sciences of ETH ZurichLangues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] composition floristique
[Termes IGN] dynamique de la végétation
[Termes IGN] forêt alpestre
[Termes IGN] inventaire forestier étranger (données)
[Termes IGN] modèle dynamique
[Termes IGN] Picea abies
[Termes IGN] série temporelle
[Termes IGN] structure d'un peuplement forestier
[Termes IGN] Suisse
[Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatiqueRésumé : (auteur) A high diversity of forest ecosystems is found around the globe providing various ecosystem services to humans. Responses of forests to recent increases of drought events have given rise to serious concerns about future forest development. Since anthropogenic climate change is proceeding at an unprecedented rate, the forestry sector is challenged to swiftly develop and plan adaptive management measures that guarantee the sustainable provision of forest ecosystem services in the future. The planning of management strategies is strongly dependent on reliable knowledge on future forest dynamics. To this end, the Swiss government has launched an extensive research program to examine the impact of climate change on Swiss forests. One aim among others is to assess the sensitivity of common forest types of Switzerland to climate change.
Dynamic vegetation models (DVMs) are suitable to provide quantitative assessments of forest sensitivity to climate change, as their flexibility allows considering dynamic vegetation transitions under conditions that do not represent a steady state. Among DVMs, forest gap models portray long-term forest dynamics at the stand scale taking biotic interactions such as competition into account. Recent integration of sophisticated management techniques has substantially extended their range of application from unmanaged to complex mixed-species forests under management, thus making them interesting tools for the assessment of climate change impacts on forest ecosystems. However, forest gap models integrate a large number of ecological processes that still lack an empirical base. This is particularly true for tree mortality – a key demographic process in forest dynamics – where increasing empirical research has been followed by little action in DVMs. Thus, although it is widely acknowledged that empirical functions should be integrated into DVMs to enhance ecological realism, little is known about whet her this approach leads to an increased robustness of model projections.
Given this background, my thesis includes two major objectives: 1) to examine the potential of empirical mortality functions in dynamic vegetation models and 2) to assess the sensitivity of common Swiss forests to climate change.
In Chapter 1 of this thesis, I implemented an inventory- and a tree-ring based mortality function in the forest gap model ForClim and combined them with a stochastic and a deterministic approach for the determination of tree status (alive vs. dead). These four new model versions were tested for two Norway spruces stands, one of which was managed (inventory time series of 72 years) and the other was unmanaged (41 years). Furthermore, I ran long-term simulations (~400 years) into the future to test model behavior under three climate scenarios. I showed that three out of the four mode l versions showed good agreement for stand basal area and stem numbers when compared against inventory data of both forest sites. Due to very similar model behavior, an unambiguous choice of a “best” model version was, however, not possible. In contrast, long -term simulations revealed very different behavior of the mortality models, indicating that the choice of the mortality function is crucial for simulated forest dynamics. Based on these results, I concluded that 1) empirical mortality functions are valuable replacements for current theoretical mortality algorithms in dynamic vegetation models 2) but further tests would be needed to rigorously assess their potential and to better understand interactions of the mortality function with other model processes.
Enhanced use of empirical data in dynamic vegetation models is widely advocated. However, it is largely unknown whether empirically derive d functions are compatible with the wide range of processes and interactions that are usually found in DVMs and thus, whether they lead to an better model performance. In Chapter 2 , I addressed this question with the focus on the inventory-based mortality function that has already been used in Chapter 1 . I used Bayesian methods to recalibrate its mortality parameters within ForClim. I compared its performance with the ForClim version containing the original, empirically fitted mortality parameters and with the current ForClim v3.3 that included a theoretical mortality function. Calibration and subsequent validation was based on inventory data of 30 Swiss natural forest reserves. Similarities between the calibrated and the empirically fitted mortality parameters suggest that the general structure of ForClim is appropriate to integrate empirical mortality functions. However, I found some discrepancies that indicate necessary improvements regarding the role of species’ shade tolerance in growth-mortality relationships and an optimal balance between growth and mortality. Bayesian calibration led to best performance both at calibration and validation sites. Furthermore, it revealed that the sensitivity of ForClim to parametric uncertainty is particularly high for trees in low dbh classes but surprisingly small for standard model outputs such as basal area.
Assessing the sensitivity of common forest stands in Switzerland with a forest gap model makes it necessary 1) to know which forest stands are common and 2) to have suitable data for model initialization. In Chapter 3 , I developed a stratification of the Swiss forest area to identify those forest types of Switzerland that , in terms of their stand structure and tree species composition, are most common in different eco-regions and elevation zones. I used plot data form the third Swiss National Forest Inventory (NFI3) that contained both stand attributes and single-tree data. NFI plots were grouped into eco -regions and elevation zones according to the “Guide for sustainability in protection forests” (NaiS). I further segregated NFI plots into more groups based on two forest stand attributes: vertical stand structure and developmental stage. In a last step, I relied on recommendations of sylvicultural experts for dividing some groups into more strata to strengthen a realistic tree species composition. The stratification resulted in 71 strata that contained 25% of all NFI forest plots. Single-tree data of all NFI plots associated to one stratum were aggregate d. Although the final result is a somewhat “artificial” forest stand, it has the tremendous advantage that NFI plot data can be used directly for stand initialization in the forest gap model ForClim.
In Switzerland, studies on forest sensitivity to climate change often focus on extreme sites where shifts in tree species composition are already visible while less attention is paid to the fate of common forest stands that are most important for Swiss forestry. In Chapter 4, I ran simulations for 71 strata that had been identified in the previous chapter using two model versions to examine their development until the end of the 21 st century (year 2100). Simulations were run with common Swiss forest management strategies and without management. I considered forest development under current climate (1980-2009) and under 11 different climate change scenarios assuming an A2 greenhouse gas emission scenario. According to these simulation results, shifts in structure and composition of Swiss forests have to be expected for the second half of this century. However, high variability among the strata was found due to drivers of small-scaled forest dynamics such as regional climate, elevation gradients and current species composition. I showed that current management regimes can alleviate the negative impacts of climate change but adaptive measures are necessary to be applied at a site-specific and objective-oriented base. In conclusion, model- based assessments on forest sensitivity can only provide reliable decision-making support for forest managers if small-scaled drivers of forest stand dynamics are take n into consideration.
In the Synthesis, I reflect the findings of the previous chapters by discussing the potential of empirical mortality functions in DVMs and the use of forest gap models – as one type of DVM – as tools for decision-support regarding forest management under climate change. I come to the conclusion that empirical mortality functions are capable to further improve the performance of DVMs and to increase our confidence in their projections. However, empirical functions come with limitations, which might constrain avalid applicability. For this reason, I advocate not to focus on one individual function but to aggregate knowledge on mortality mechanism and data from various sources to enhance the validity of the tree mortality mechanism in DVMs beyond individual empirical data sets. Climate change is expected to have strong effects on future development of current Swiss forests at various sites. High variability in forest response to a changing environment underlines the need to plan future forest strategies at the local scale. Forest gap models have limitations that need to be discussed and tackled. Still, I am convinced that they have the potential to play a key role in decision-making processes as they can provide what decision makers need: a comprehensive reflection of essential processes and an adequate spatial resolution.Numéro de notice : 17200 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Thèse étrangère Note de thèse : doctoral thesis : Sciences : ETH Zurich : 2015 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-010596194 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81176 Use of remotely sensed auxiliary data for improving sample-based forest inventories / Svetlana Saarela (2015)PermalinkPTrees: A point-based approach to forest tree extraction from lidar data / Cédric Vega in International journal of applied Earth observation and geoinformation, vol 33 (December 2014)PermalinkTracking seasonal changes of leaf and canopy light use efficiency in a Phlomis fruticosa Mediterranean ecosystem using field measurements and multi-angular satellite hyperspectral imagery / S. Stagakis in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 97 (November 2014)PermalinkDistribution, données floristiques et architecture des boisements du delta du Rhône (sud-est de la France) / Annik Schnitzler in Ecologia mediterranea, vol 40 n° 2 (2014)PermalinkAn improved dark object method to retrieve 500 m-resolution AOT (Aerosol Optical Thickness) image from MODIS data: A case study in the Pearl River Delta area, China / Lili Li in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 89 (March 2014)PermalinkAssessing changes in species distribution from sequential large-scale forest inventories / Laura Hernandez in Annals of Forest Science, vol 71 n° 2 (March 2014)PermalinkSpatial patterns of historical growth changes in Norway spruce across western European mountains and the key effect of climate warming / Marie Charru in Trees, vol 28 n° 1 (February 2014)PermalinkEtude des habitats naturels du Parc National du Mercantour (Alpes-Maritimes et Alpes de Haute-Provence), Partie 1. Rapport technique / Jérémie Van Es (2014)PermalinkEtude des habitats naturels du Parc National du Mercantour (Alpes-Maritimes et Alpes de Haute-Provence), Partie 2. Clé de détermination des habitats / Jérémie Van Es (2014)PermalinkEtude des habitats naturels du Parc National du Mercantour (Alpes-Maritimes et Alpes de Haute-Provence), Partie 3. Fiches «habitat» / Jérémie Van Es (2014)PermalinkLa forêt en chiffres et en cartes / Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (2012 -) (2014)PermalinkLa forêt luxembourgeoise en chiffres : Résultats de l'Inventaire Forestier National au Grand-Duché de Luxembourg 2009 - 2011 / Jacques Rondeux (2014)PermalinkMarkov land cover change modeling using pairs of time-series satellite images / Priyakant Sinha in Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, PERS, vol 79 n° 11 (November 2013)PermalinkAssessing the effect of snow/water obstructions on the measurement of tree seedlings in a large-scale temperate forest inventory / C. W. Woodall in Forestry, an international journal of forest research, vol 86 n° 4 (October 2013)PermalinkGround-based array for tomographic imaging of the tropical forest in P-band / Ho Tong Minh Dinh in IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, vol 51 n° 8 (August 2013)PermalinkEffects of national forest inventory plot location error on forest carbon stock estimation using k-nearest neighbor algorithm / Jaehoon Jung in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 81 (July 2013)PermalinkLe projet EMERGE pour des tarifs cohérents de volumes et biomasses des essences forestières françaises métropolitaines / Christine Deleuze in Rendez-vous techniques, n° 39-40 (Hiver-printemps 2013)PermalinkSeeing the wood for the trees: Opentreemap is helping individuals, organisations and governments to collaborate in mapping, tending and preserving 'urban forest' / Deborah Boyer in GEO: Geoconnexion international, vol 12 n° 4 (april 2013)PermalinkSoil water balance performs better than climatic water variables in tree species distribution modelling / Christian Piedallu in Global ecology and biogeography, vol 22 n° 4 (April 2013)PermalinkAnalysis of desertification in the Upper East Region (UER) of Ghana using remote sensing, field study, and local knowledge / Alex B. Owusu in Cartographica, vol 48 n° 1 (March 2013)Permalink