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A case study of using Raman lidar measurements in high-accuracy GPS applications / Pierre Bosser in Journal of geodesy, vol 84 n° 4 (April 2010)
[article]
Titre : A case study of using Raman lidar measurements in high-accuracy GPS applications Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Pierre Bosser , Auteur ; Olivier Bock , Auteur ; Christian Thom , Auteur ; Jacques Pelon, Auteur ; Pascal Willis , Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp 251 - 265 Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie spatiale
[Termes IGN] diffusion de Raman
[Termes IGN] lidar Raman
[Termes IGN] positionnement par GPS
[Termes IGN] propagation du signal
[Termes IGN] propagation troposphérique
[Termes IGN] vapeur d'eauRésumé : (Auteur) This paper investigates the impact of rapid small-scale water vapor fluctuations on GPS height determination. Water vapor measurements from a Raman lidar are used for documenting the water vapor heterogeneities and correcting GPS signal propagation delays in clear sky conditions. We use data from four short observing sessions (6 h) during the VAPIC experiment (15 May–15 June 2004). The retrieval of wet delays from our Raman lidar is shown to agree well with radiosonde retrievals (bias and standard deviation (SD) were smaller than 1 and 2.8 mm, respectively) and microwave radiometers (from two different instruments, bias was 6.0/-6.6 mm and SD 1.3/3.8 mm). A standard GPS data analysis is shown to fail in accurately reproducing fast zenith wet delay (ZWD) variations. The ZWD estimates could be improved when mean post-fit phase residuals were removed. Several methodologies for integrating zenith lidar observations into the GPS data processing are also presented. The final method consists in using lidar wet delays for correcting a priori the GPS phase observations and estimating a scale factor for the lidar wet delays jointly with the GPS station position. The estimation of this scale factor allows correcting for a mis-calibration in the lidar data and provides in the same way an estimate of the Raman lidar instrument constant. The agreement of this constant with an independent determination using radiosonde data is at the level of 1–4%. The lidar wet delays were derived by ray-tracing from zenith pointing measurements: further improvement in GPS positioning is expected from slant path lidar measurements that would properly account for water vapor anisotropy. Copyright Springer Numéro de notice : A2010-152 Affiliation des auteurs : IGN+Ext (1940-2011) Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s00190-009-0362-x Date de publication en ligne : 24/12/2009 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-009-0362-x Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=30347
in Journal of geodesy > vol 84 n° 4 (April 2010) . - pp 251 - 265[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 266-2010041 MANQUANT Revue Centre de documentation Indéterminé Disponible Testing of Global Pressure-Temperature (GPT) Model and Global Mapping Function (GMF) in GPS analyses / Jan Kouba in Journal of geodesy, vol 83 n° 3-4 (March - April 2009)
[article]
Titre : Testing of Global Pressure-Temperature (GPT) Model and Global Mapping Function (GMF) in GPS analyses Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Jan Kouba, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : pp 199 - 208 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie spatiale
[Termes IGN] analyse comparative
[Termes IGN] données GPS
[Termes IGN] données météorologiques
[Termes IGN] modèle atmosphérique
[Termes IGN] modèle météorologique
[Termes IGN] positionnement par GPS
[Termes IGN] positionnement ponctuel précis
[Termes IGN] pression atmosphérique
[Termes IGN] propagation du signal
[Termes IGN] températureRésumé : (Auteur) Several sources of a priori meteorological data have been compared for their effects on geodetic results from GPS precise point positioning (PPP). The new global pressure and temperature model (GPT), available at the IERS Conventions web site, provides pressure values that have been used to compute a priori hydrostatic (dry) zenith path delay z h estimates. Both the GPT-derived and a simple height-dependent a priori constant z h performed well for low- and mid-latitude stations. However, due to the actual variations not accounted for by the seasonal GPT model pressure values or the a priori constant z h, GPS height solution errors can sometimes exceed 10 mm, particularly in Polar Regions or with elevation cutoff angles less than 10 degrees. Such height errors are nearly perfectly correlated with local pressure variations so that for most stations they partly (and for solutions with 5-degree elevation angle cutoff almost fully) compensate for the atmospheric loading displacements. Consequently, unlike PPP solutions utilizing a numerical weather model (NWM) or locally measured pressure data for a priori z h, the GPT-based PPP height repeatabilities are better for most stations before rather than after correcting for atmospheric loading. At 5 of the 11 studied stations, for which measured local meteorological data were available, the PPP height errors caused by a priori z h interpolated from gridded Vienna Mapping Function-1 (VMF1) data (from a NWM) were less than 0.5 mm. Height errors due to the global mapping function (GMF) are even larger than those caused by the GPT a priori pressure errors. The GMF height errors are mainly due to the hydrostatic mapping and for the solutions with 10-degree elevation cutoff they are about 50% larger than the GPT a priori errors. Copyright Springer Numéro de notice : A2009-194 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s00190-008-0229-6 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-008-0229-6 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=29824
in Journal of geodesy > vol 83 n° 3-4 (March - April 2009) . - pp 199 - 208[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 266-09031 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible Deploying a Locata network to enable precise positioning in urban canyons / J.P. Montillet in Journal of geodesy, vol 83 n° 2 (February 2009)
[article]
Titre : Deploying a Locata network to enable precise positioning in urban canyons Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : J.P. Montillet, Auteur ; Gethin W. Roberts, Auteur ; Craig M. Hancock, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : pp 91 - 103 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Navigation et positionnement
[Termes IGN] canyon urbain
[Termes IGN] GPS en mode cinématique
[Termes IGN] milieu urbain
[Termes IGN] positionnement cinématique en temps réel
[Termes IGN] propagation du signal
[Termes IGN] WiFiRésumé : (Auteur) Locata is a new positioning technology developed by the Locata Corporation. At the beginning of 2007, the Institute of Engineering Surveying and Space Geodesy (IESSG) bought and received a network of Locata transceivers with two rovers. The purpose is to solve the challenges identified when surveying in dense multipath areas (i.e. urban canyons). In this paper, the technology is tested in an urban canyon scenario on the University park at the University of Nottingham. By comparing Locata position solutions with the true positions calculated with a total station and a carrier-phase GPS, the results show that centimetre-level accuracy is achievable in difficult environments in the presence of Wi-Fi signals. The rover’s estimated coordinates may diverge in some cases. Finally, a comparison study shows that Real Time Kinematic GPS and Locata technologies have similar accuracy when both are available. Copyright Springer Numéro de notice : A2009-188 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s00190-008-0236-7 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-008-0236-7 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=29818
in Journal of geodesy > vol 83 n° 2 (February 2009) . - pp 91 - 103[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 266-09021 SL Revue Centre de documentation Revues en salle Disponible Ionospheric modeling for precise GNSS applications / Y. Memarzadeh (2009)
Titre : Ionospheric modeling for precise GNSS applications Type de document : Monographie Auteurs : Y. Memarzadeh, Auteur Editeur : Delft : Netherlands Geodetic Commission NGC Année de publication : 2009 Collection : Netherlands Geodetic Commission Publications on Geodesy, ISSN 0165-1706 num. 71 Importance : 208 p. Format : 17 x 24 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-90-6132-314-3 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie spatiale
[Termes IGN] antenne GNSS
[Termes IGN] correction ionosphérique
[Termes IGN] double différence
[Termes IGN] modèle ionosphérique
[Termes IGN] positionnement différentiel
[Termes IGN] positionnement par GNSS
[Termes IGN] précision centimétrique
[Termes IGN] propagation du signal
[Termes IGN] propagation ionosphérique
[Termes IGN] simple différence
[Termes IGN] temps réel
[Termes IGN] teneur totale en électrons
[Termes IGN] traitement de données GNSSIndex. décimale : 30.61 Systèmes de Positionnement par Satellites du GNSS Résumé : (Auteur) The main objective of this thesis is to develop a procedure for modeling and predicting ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) for high precision differential GNSS applications. As the ionosphere is a highly dynamic medium, we believe that to have a reliable procedure it is necessary to transfer the high temporal resolution GNSS network data into the spatial domain. This objective led to the development of a recursive physics-based model for the regular TEC variations and an algorithm for real-time modeling of the medium-scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (MS-TID). The research described in this thesis can roughly be divided into three parts.
The main application of these developments can be found in Network RTK. Network-RTK is a technique based on a network of reference receivers to provide cm-level positioning accuracy in real time for users in the field. To get centimeter accuracy after a short (minutes) initialization period the ionospheric delay for the user's receiver needs to be predicted very precisely between the ionospheric pierce points of the reference receivers at the double difference level. Having the cm-level accuracy in the ionospheric interpolation is crucial for the carrier phase ambiguity resolution by the user. To achieve high precision in the ionospheric interpolation, regular and irregular variability of TEC in time and space should be taken into account. The regular TEC variation, which can reach several hundreds TEC units, is mainly a function of solar zenith angle. The irregular (or non-repeatable) variations are mainly wavelike effects associated with Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (TID).
Although TID effects on the TEC are of the order of 0.1 TEC unit, MS-TIDs, with a typical wavelength less than a few hundred kilometers, is one of the main obstacles for accurate spatial interpolation of ionospheric induced delays in a medium-scale reference GPS network. Since most of interpolation methods either use spatial linear (or quadratic) interpolation or fit a lower-order surface, the methods are not capable to model the phase-offset, caused by MS-TIDs, at distinct ionospheric pierce points. There are two major complications. Firstly, interpolation must be done at the double-difference level, which involves taking single differences between ionospheric delays for the same satellite between two different receivers, followed by differencing single differences for different satellites. This means that two different patches of the ionosphere are involved, each related to a different satellite, and each possibly associated with different TIDs. Secondly, for operational network RTK, a real-time strategy for TID detection and modeling is needed.
In the first part the performance of several empirical ionosphere models for the regular TEC variation, such as Klobuchar, NeQuick, and the IGS Global Ionosphere Maps (GIM) are studied in the mid-latitude region using GPS data. Our results show that the GIM was able to correct the absolute slant ionospheric delay to better than 80% under different geomagnetic conditions of the ionosphere. The NeQuick model, which performed better than the Klobuchar model, could correct about 60% of the slant ionospheric delay. NeQuick is a real-time ionospheric correction model for the future European Galileo navigation system. A key input parameter for NeQuick is the effective ionization parameter (Az), which will be provided as a second order polynomial in the Galileo broadcast message to single-frequency users. The coefficients of the polynomial will be estimated daily from at least 20 permanent Galileo monitoring stations. As Galileo is under development, we propose an alternative approach for estimating Az using Global Ionospheric Maps (GIM). The main advantages of the alternative approach over the standard approach are: (1) the alternative approach is more reliable, because, each IGS GIM is based on data of up to 300 GNSS stations world-wide and each IGS GIM is the combination of results of up to four analysis centers, (2) the coefficients are more representative for all regions on the world because they are computed from a world-wide grid instead of about 20 distinct locations, (3) with the alternative procedure it is possible to provide Az in a different representation, for instance using a higher order polynomial, grid, or other function types, and (4) the computational effort is much smaller assuming the IGS GIMs have already been computed.
In the second part a normal ionosphere is defined using Chapman's ion production theory to approximate the regular variability of the Earth's ionosphere. The normal ionosphere consists of lower and upper region. The lower region is formed in a photochemical equilibrium resulting in a Chapman layer. The upper region is formed in a diffusive equilibrium, whilst ignoring the geomagnetic field, resulting in a new Chapman like ionospheric layer. Integration of the continuity equation of the normal ionosphere over height leads to a Boundary Value Problem (BVP) for the temporal evolution of VTEC. Solution of the BVP results in a novel recursive model for the regular TEC variation as a function of solar zenith angle. The main motivation for developing this model is that the empirical models of the first part were either ill-suited or too complicated to model and predict the regular variation of TEC for high precision differential GNSS applications. The performance of the new model is tested at local and global scales using GIM. In general, despite the geomagnetic field was ignored, the cases analyzed show that the model gives a good overall representation of the regular variation of VTEC in the mid-latitude region under a geomagnetically quiet ionosphere. This is an important result that shows the potential of the model for a number of applications. Since the model has a recursive form it is ideally suited to use as time update equation in a dynamic data processing or Kalman filter. Another application is to use it for removing the geometry-dependent trend from time series of GPS-provided ionospheric delays to provide a pure TID observation, which is carried out in the third part of this thesis.
In the third part, a new algorithm for the real-time detection and modeling of MS-TID effects is developed. In order to eliminate effects from large-scale TIDs, the algorithm uses between-receiver single-difference (SD) ionospheric delays in a medium scale GPS network. Although single-differencing also eliminates to some extend the geometry-dependent trend, the remaining part cannot be neglected. In this thesis, we fit the SD data to the recursive model which was developed in the second part of the thesis. Any wavelike fluctuations in the data with respect to the model are assumed to be from MS-TID effects. The detrended SD data are the main input of the algorithm. The algorithm consists of six steps: initialization, detection, scraping, cross-correlation, parameter estimation, and ending. A MS-TID is assumed to be a planar longitudinal traveling wave with spatially independent amplitude that propagates in an ionospheric patch. All characteristic parameters of the MS-TID wave (e.g. period, phase velocity, propagation direction, and amplitude) are considered to be time dependent, while the Doppler-shift caused by the satellite motion is taken into account in the estimation step. The performance of the algorithm is tested with GPS data from a network. Although real TIDs are not perfect waves, the algorithm was able to model (in time and in space) the MS-TID to a large extend. The performance was found to be comparable with the Kriging interpolation method. This is an important first result, in part because these two methods are based on different principles, but also because there is still room for improvement in our algorithm. With our physics based model it is possible to avoid the planar wave approximation and take the phase-offset of the wave into account, something which is not possible with Kriging.Note de contenu : Curriculum Vitae Acknowledgments Notation and Symbols Acronyms
1 Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Research objectives
1.3 Outline of the thesis
1.4 Contributions of this research
2 The Earth's Atmosphere, Sun, and Geomagnetism
2.1 The Earth's Atmosphere .
2.1.1 Pressure, temperature and density variations
2.1.2 Diffusive equilibrium
2.1.3 Upper atmosphere .
2.2 The Sun
2.2.1 The Solar radiation
2.2.2 Variation of the radiation intensity
2.2.3 Solar radiations index (F10.7) .
2.3 Geomagnetism .
2.3.1 The earth's magnetic dipole field
2.3.2 The real geomagnetic field
2.3.3 Geomagnetic storm
2.3.4 Geomagnetic indices
3 Physics of the Earth's Ionosphere
3.1 Interaction of solar radiation with the Earth's upper atmosphere
3.2 Ionosphere formation theory
3.2.1 Plasma continuity equation
3.2.2 Ion production
3.2.3 Ion and electron disappearance .
3.2.4 Chapman layer
3.3 Transport process in the ionosphere .
3.3.1 Charged particle motion in a magnetic field .
3.3.2 Plasma diffusion .
3.3.3 Thermospheric wind .
3.3.4 Electromagnetic drift
3.4 Ionospheric stratification .
3.4.1 The D-Region
3.4.2 The E-Region
3.4.3 The F-Region
3.4.4 The topside region and the protonosphere .
3.4.5 Vertical electron density profile of the ionosphere
3.4.6 Characteristic parameters of the ionospheric regions
3.5 Spatial and temporal variability of the ionosphere
3.5.1 Regular variations
3.5.2 Geomagnetic regions .
3.6 Solar disturbances
3.6.1 Ionospheric disturbances .
3.6.2 Atmospheric gravity waves
3.6.3 Traveling ionospheric disturbances
4 Ionospheric delay measured from GNSS
4.1 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) .
4.2 GNSS observation equations
4.2.1 Code or pseudo-range observation equation
4.2.2 Carrier beat phase observation equation
4.2.3 Simplifications of the observation equations
4.2.4 Tropospheric effects
4.3 Ionospheric propagation of GNSS signals .
4.3.1 Inhomogeneity of the ionosphere .
4.3.2 Dispersivity of the ionosphere .
4.3.3 Anisotropy of the ionosphere .
4.3.4 Ionospheric refractive index
4.3.5 Ionospheric first-, higher-order and bending effects . .
4.4 Ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC)
4.4.1 A single-layer ionosphere approximation
4.4.2 Approximation of the higher-order and bending effects
4.5 Ionospheric models
4.5.1 Klobuchar model
4.5.2 Global Ionosphere Maps
4.6 Slant ionospheric delay measurements from GNSS
4.6.1 Network processing
4.6.2 Geometry-free linear combination 4.7 Summary
5 NeQuick 3D Ionospheric Electron Density Profiler
5.1 Ionospheric electron density model NeQuick
5.1.1 NeQuick model formulation for the bottom side (h < hmaXtF2)
5.1.2 NeQuick model formulation for the top side (hmax,F2 < /')
5.2 Characteristic parameters of the anchor points
5.2.1 Peak height of the F'2 region
5.2.2 Thickness parameters of the semi-Epstein layers
5.3 Providing the ionosonde parameters for NeQuick .
5.3.1 CCIR maps of /0F2 and M(3000)F2
5.3.2 Diagrammatic presentation of NeQuick
5.4 NeQuick for the Galileo navigation system
5.4.1 Effective Ionization Level (Az parameter) .
5.4.2 Estimation of the effective ionization level (nominal approach)
5.4.3 Improved version of NeQuick .
5.5 Estimation of the effective ionization level using GIM .
5.5.1 Estimation of the effective ionization level (alternative approach
5.5.2 Daily grid-based map of the effective ionization level
5.5.3 Az parameter for single point positioning .
5.6 Validation of the alternative approach .
5.6.1 Consistency of the approaches .
5.6.2 Modeling the spatial dependency of the Az parameter
5.6.3 Correlation between Az and F10.7
5.7 Performance of the NeQuick ionospheric model
5.7.1 Data specifications and processing
5.7.2 Comparison between the model errors .
5.8 Concluding remarks ..
6 Physics-Based Modeling of TEC
6.1 Normal ionosphere
6.1.1 Vertical electron density profile in the normal ionosphere . . . .
6.1.2 VTEC in the normal E-region .
6.1.3 VTEC in the normal F-region .
6.1.4 Combined VTEC of the normal ionosphere
6.1.5 Slant TEC in the normal ionosphere
6.2 Recursive model of VTEC in the normal ionosphere
6.2.1 Parametrization of the VTEC model .
6.2.2 Providing the model parameters
6.2.3 Functional model for estimating the parameters
6.2.4 Linearization of the functional model .
6.2.5 Least-squares solution of the model parameters
6.3 Performance of the VTEC model .
6.3.1 Local test of the VTEC model .
6.3.2 Global test of the VTEC model .
6.3.3 Applications of the VTEC model 6.4 Summary
7 Real-Time Modeling for Medium-Scale TID
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Medium-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances
7.3 Mechanical longitudinal wave equation
7.3.1 Traveling plane wave
7.3.2 Standing plane wave
7.4 GPS-provided TID observation .
7.4.1 Geometry-dependent trend of slant ionospheric delay
7.4.2 TID observation
7.4.3 Single-difference TID observation .
7.4.4 Double-difference TID observation .
7.5 TID observation equation .
7.5.1 Doppler-shift on TID observation .
7.6 Estimation of TID wave parameters
7.6.1 Period determination
7.6.2 TID wave vector determination
7.6.3 TID wave amplitude determination
7.7 Real-Time Medium-scale TID modeling
7.7.1 Initialization step
7.7.2 TID detection and scraping steps .
7.7.3 Cross correlation step .
7.7.4 TID parameter estimation .
7.7.5 TID ending .
7.7.6 Flowchart of the Real-Time TID modeling algorithm
7.7.7 Dependency on reference baseline .
7.7.8 Sensitivity to temporal resolution .
7.8 Implementation of the Real-Time TID modeling .
7.8.1 Case study: PRN 02
7.8.2 Case study: PRN 08
7.9 Conclusions and remarks
8 Conclusions and recommendations
8.1 Estimation of effective ionization for NeQuick .
8.2 Spatial and temporal variation of effective ionization level .
8.3 Performance of global TEC models
8.4 Model of temporal evolution of VTEC .
8.5 Modeling Medium-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances
Bibliography
IndexNuméro de notice : 15510 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Monographie Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=62743 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 15510-01 30.61 Livre Centre de documentation Géodésie Disponible Prediction and visualization of GPS multipath signals in urban areas using LiDAR Digital Surface Models and building footprints / J. Li in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 22 n°11-12 (november 2008)
[article]
Titre : Prediction and visualization of GPS multipath signals in urban areas using LiDAR Digital Surface Models and building footprints Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : J. Li, Auteur ; Georges E. Taylor, Auteur ; D. Kidner, Auteur ; M. Ware, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : pp 1197 - 1218 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie spatiale
[Termes IGN] bâtiment
[Termes IGN] dégradation du signal
[Termes IGN] données lidar
[Termes IGN] empreinte
[Termes IGN] incertitude géométrique
[Termes IGN] lancer de rayons
[Termes IGN] milieu urbain
[Termes IGN] modèle numérique de surface
[Termes IGN] propagation du signal
[Termes IGN] signal GPS
[Termes IGN] trajet multiple
[Termes IGN] visualisation de donnéesRésumé : (Auteur) This paper explains a ray tracing method which is applied to prediction and visualization of diffracted and reflected GPS signals in dense urban areas. Reflected and diffracted signals can have a detrimental effect on GPS positioning accuracy especially in highly built-up areas. The ray tracing technique implemented in this paper is specially geared to LiDAR height pole data at 1-m spatial resolution and 2D building footprints in raster and vector format, respectively. Such a simple data format allows for rapid implementation of 3D ray tracing in a GIS without further processing so that detailed 3D urban models in vector format are not required. Issues of spatial uncertainty in the data used are also addressed in relation to the identification of multipath signals. Some preliminary results obtained from fieldwork are presented and analysed in detail. Copyright Taylor & Francis Numéro de notice : A2008-400 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/13658810701851396 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810701851396 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=29392
in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 22 n°11-12 (november 2008) . - pp 1197 - 1218[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 079-08071 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible 079-08072 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible Sources d'erreurs et combinaisons linéaires des trois fréquences du système Galiléo pour le positionnement différentiel / L. Tabti in Bulletin des sciences géographiques, n° 22 (octobre 2008)PermalinkADOP in closed form for a hierarchy of multi-frequency single-baseline GNSS models / Dennis Odijk in Journal of geodesy, vol 82 n° 8 (August 2008)PermalinkDevelopment of a simulation model to predict Lidar interception in forested environments / N.R. Goodwin in Remote sensing of environment, vol 111 n° 4 (28/12/2007)PermalinkLe positionnement en intérieur / Nel Samama in XYZ, n° 112 (septembre - novembre 2007)PermalinkEtude pour la réalisation de cartes de visibilité satellitaire GNSS / G. Bizouard in XYZ, n° 111 (juin - août 2007)PermalinkTechnique de localisation intra-muros à transmission ultra large bande / V. Renaudin in XYZ, n° 111 (juin - août 2007)PermalinkContinuous navigation: combining GPS with sensor-based dead reckoning / G.Z. Bronsen in GPS world, vol 16 n° 4 (April 2005)PermalinkThe GNSS integer ambiguities / S. Verhagen (2005)PermalinkSatellite geodesy : foundations, methods and applications / Günter Seeber (2003)PermalinkErrors of signal processing in digital terrain modelling / Igor V. Florinsky in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 16 n° 5 (july 2002)Permalink