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Modellhafte Arbeitsabläufe zur digitalen Erstellung von topographischen und geologischen Karten und dreidimensionalen Visualisierungen / Lorenz Hurni (1995)
Titre : Modellhafte Arbeitsabläufe zur digitalen Erstellung von topographischen und geologischen Karten und dreidimensionalen Visualisierungen Titre original : [Déroulement du travail d'un modèle pour l'élaboration numérique de cartes topographiques et géologiques et la visualisation en 3D] Type de document : Monographie Auteurs : Lorenz Hurni, Auteur Editeur : Zurich : Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule ETH - Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich EPFZ Année de publication : 1995 Collection : Dissertationen ETH num. 11066 Importance : 190 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Allemand (ger) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géomatique
[Termes IGN] carte géologique
[Termes IGN] carte topographique
[Termes IGN] données maillées
[Termes IGN] données vectorielles
[Termes IGN] estompage automatique
[Termes IGN] généralisation cartographique automatisée
[Termes IGN] logiciel de cartographie
[Termes IGN] modèle cartographique
[Termes IGN] objet géographique
[Termes IGN] rendu réaliste
[Termes IGN] visualisation 3DRésumé : (Auteur) This work is based on three mapping projects carried out at the Institute of Cartography at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich: A topographical and a geological map 1:25'000 of the Methana peninsula in Greece, a town map of the nearby tourist resort Poros, and a three-dimensionally visualized geological map of the Matterhorn have been produced entirely by digital methods. Based on these projects, the techniques and conditions for producing these types of maps in a digital environment are investigated and exemplary workflows are presented. Great importance is placed on conserving the graphic quality and content of the map, and possibly even obtaining an increase in quality as compared to conventionally produced map. As the cultural features of a map clearly show, the aspects of cartographic design and generalization play an important role in the transition from the digital landscape model (DLM) to the digital cartographic model (DCM). The process of generalization can be divided into the following functions: enlargement, selection, simplification, aggregation, displacement, accentuation and classification. Additional information not included in the map geometry is also very important. In most cases the cartographer must figure out this information during the process of designing the map. Thus, generalization and design functions interact closely. Such conflicts and digital workflows which allow an easier solution are presented.
Thanks to image processing functions and modern reproduction technology, topographical area features such as different types of land use and geological units can be included in the map. These methods are also used to generate analytical hill shading from digital height models and integrate them in the map image. This project introduces a computer program with which simplified cliff drawing can be generated using ridge lines. The upper and lower edges of a cliff are digitized manually from sketches. The program defines the line widths according to an illumination model. The rough appearance is simulated by a local variation of the widths and position of the lines using a random function. It is possible to simulate round (concave and convex) rock shapes. The program can be fine-tuned with about 50 parameters. In order to solve complex cartographic problems, the possibilities of such a «Cartographic Software Tuning» by an experienced operator (cartographer) is important for the development and successful application of the programs. Finally, the possibility of generating three-dimensional geological surface visualizations based on the same cartographic data is shown. Area polygons of the geological formations are merged with a digital height model resulting in surface facettes which are coloured according to these features. This surface model can be shaded and visualized from different angles using a standard rendering software. These visualizations offer the user of two-dimensional geological maps additional possibilities for interpretation and they can even be used interactively during the map modelling process.Numéro de notice : 14040 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Monographie Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=62594 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 14040-01 37.40 Livre Centre de documentation Géomatique Disponible