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Copula-based modeling of dependence structure in geodesy and GNSS applications: case study for zenith tropospheric delay in complex terrain / Roya Mousavian in GPS solutions, vol 25 n° 1 (January 2021)  

Public [article]  inGPS solutions > vol 25 n° 1 (January 2021) . - n° 12 Titre : Copula-based modeling of dependence structure in geodesy and GNSS applications: case study for zenith tropospheric delay in complex terrain Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Roya Mousavian, Auteur ; Christof Lorenz, Auteur ; Masoud Mashhadi Hossainali, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : n° 12 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie spatiale [Termes descripteurs IGN] corrélation croisée normalisée [Termes descripteurs IGN] dissymétrie [Termes descripteurs IGN] données GNSS [Termes descripteurs IGN] Europe centrale [Termes descripteurs IGN] modèle atmosphérique [Termes descripteurs IGN] prévision météorologique [Termes descripteurs IGN] retard troposphérique zénithal [Termes descripteurs IGN] série temporelle Résumé : (auteur) Modeling and understanding the statistical relationships between geophysical quantities is a crucial prerequisite for many geodetic applications. While these relationships can depend on multiple variables and their interactions, commonly used scalar methods like the (cross) correlation are only able to describe linear dependencies. However, particularly in regions with complex terrain, the statistical relationships between variables can be highly nonlinear and spatially heterogeneous. Therefore, we introduce Copula-based approaches for modeling and analyzing the full dependence structure. We give an introduction to Copula theory, including five of the most widely used models, namely the Frank, Clayton, Ali-Mikhail-Haq, Gumbel and Gaussian Copula, and use this approach for analyzing zenith tropospheric delays (ZTDs). We apply modeled ZTDs from the Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) model and estimated ZTDs through the processing of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data and evaluate the pixel-wise dependence structures of ZTDs over a study area with complex terrain in Central Europe. The results show asymmetry and nonlinearity in the statistical relationships, which justifies the application of Copula-based approaches compared to, e.g., scalar measures. We apply a Copula-based correction for generating GNSS-like ZTDs from purely WRF-derived estimates. Particularly the corrected time series in the alpine regions show improved Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency values when compared against GNSS-based ZTDs. The proposed approach is therefore highly suitable for analyzing statistical relationships and correcting model-based quantities, especially in complex terrain, and when the statistical relationships of the analyzed variables are unknown. Numéro de notice : A2021-007 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s10291-020-01044-4 date de publication en ligne : 02/11/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-020-01044-4 Format de la ressource électronique : url article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=96297 [article]

Estimation of tropospheric wet refractivity using tomography method and artificial neural networks in Iranian case study / Mir Reza Ghaffari Razin in GPS solutions, Vol 24 n° 3 (July 2020)  

Public [article]  inGPS solutions > Vol 24 n° 3 (July 2020) Titre : Estimation of tropospheric wet refractivity using tomography method and artificial neural networks in Iranian case study Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Mir Reza Ghaffari Razin, Auteur ; Behzad Voosoghi, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de géodésie spatiale [Termes descripteurs IGN] coefficient de corrélation [Termes descripteurs IGN] données GPS [Termes descripteurs IGN] erreur moyenne quadratique [Termes descripteurs IGN] erreur relative [Termes descripteurs IGN] Iran [Termes descripteurs IGN] réfraction atmosphérique [Termes descripteurs IGN] réseau neuronal artificiel [Termes descripteurs IGN] retard troposphérique [Termes descripteurs IGN] retard troposphérique zénithal [Termes descripteurs IGN] tomographie par GPS [Termes descripteurs IGN] vapeur d'eau [Termes descripteurs IGN] voxel Résumé : (auteur) Using the observations from local and regional GPS networks, the estimation of slant wet delays (SWDs) is possible for each line of sight between satellite and receiver. The observations of SWD are used to model horizontal and vertical variations of the wet refractivity in the atmosphere above the study area. This work is done using the tomography method. In tomography, the horizontal variations of tropospheric wet refractivity are modeled with the polynomial in degree and rank of 2 with latitude and longitude as variables. Also, altitude variations are modeled in the form of discrete layers with constant heights. The main innovation is to estimate the tropospheric parameters for each line of sight by the artificial neural networks (ANNs). The SWD obtained from GPS observations for the different signals at each station is compared with the SWD generated by the ANNs (SWDGPS–SWDANNs). The square of the difference between these two values is introduced as the cost function in the ANNs. To evaluate, we used observations from October 27 to 31, 2011. The availability of GPS and radiosonde data is the main reason for choosing this timeframe. The correlation coefficient, root mean square error (RMSE), and relative error allow for evaluation of the proposed model. The results were also compared with the results of the voxel-based troposphere tomography method. For a more detailed evaluation, four test stations are selected and ANN zenith wet delays (ZWDANN) are compared with the ZWDGPS. Observations of test stations are not used in the modeling step. The correlation coefficient in the testing step for TomoANN and Tomovoxel is 0.9006 and 0.8863, respectively. The mean RMSE at 5 days for TomoANN and Tomovoxel is calculated as 0.63 and 0.71 mm/km, respectively. Also, the average relative error at the four test stations for TomoANN is 15.37% and for Tomovoxel it is 19.69%. The results demonstrate the better capability of the proposed method in the modeling of the tropospheric wet refractivity in the region of Iran. Numéro de notice : A2020-238 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s10291-020-00979-y date de publication en ligne : 10/04/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-020-00979-y Format de la ressource électronique : url article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=94986 [article]

Performance of real-time undifferenced precise positioning assisted by remote IGS multi-GNSS stations / Zhiqiang Liu in GPS solutions, vol 24 n° 2 (April 2020)  

Public [article]  inGPS solutions > vol 24 n° 2 (April 2020) Titre : Performance of real-time undifferenced precise positioning assisted by remote IGS multi-GNSS stations Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Zhiqiang Liu, Auteur ; Dongjie Yue, Auteur ; Zhangyu Huang, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de géodésie spatiale [Termes descripteurs IGN] décalage d'horloge [Termes descripteurs IGN] filtre de Kalman [Termes descripteurs IGN] horloge du satellite [Termes descripteurs IGN] international GPS service for geodynamics [Termes descripteurs IGN] Nouvelle-Zélande [Termes descripteurs IGN] onde sismique [Termes descripteurs IGN] positionnement ponctuel précis [Termes descripteurs IGN] précision du positionnement [Termes descripteurs IGN] retard troposphérique zénithal [Termes descripteurs IGN] séisme [Termes descripteurs IGN] temps de convergence [Termes descripteurs IGN] temps réel Résumé : (auteur) The heavy reliance of real-time precise point positioning (RTPPP) on external satellite clock products may lead to discontinuity or even failure in time-critical applications. We present an alternative approach of real-time undifferenced precise positioning (RUP) that, by combining satellite clock estimation and precise point positioning based on the extended Kalman filter, is independent of external satellite clock corrections. The approach is evaluated in simulated real time with the assistance of a variable number of IGS multi-GNSS stations located between 1359.7 and 4852.5 km from the users. The results show that even with a single auxiliary IGS station, RUP is still feasible and able to retain centimeter-level positioning accuracy. Typically, with three auxiliary IGS stations about 2000–3000 km away, an accuracy of about 2 cm in the horizontal and 5 cm in the vertical can be achieved. The performance of RUP is comparable to that of PPP using 5-s satellite clock products and notably exhibits superior short-term precision in dealing with high-rate (1 Hz) GPS/GLONASS observations. The addition of GLONASS observations reduces the convergence time by 56.9% and improves the 3-D position accuracy by 31.8% while increasing the processing latency by a factor of about 1.6. Employing three IGS stations over 2400 km away from the epicenter, RUP is applied for the rapid determination of coseismic displacements and waveforms for the 2016 Kaikoura earthquake, yielding highly consistent results compared to those obtained from post-processed PPP in the global reference frame. We also explore its potential in facilitating real-time online services in terms of real-time precise positioning, zenith tropospheric delay retrieving, and satellite clock estimation. Numéro de notice : A2020-328 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s10291-020-0972-6 date de publication en ligne : 12/03/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-020-0972-6 Format de la ressource électronique : url article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=95209 [article]

The impact of second-order ionospheric delays on the ZWD estimation with GPS and BDS measurements / Shaocheng Zhang in GPS solutions, vol 24 n° 2 (April 2020)  

Public [article]  inGPS solutions > vol 24 n° 2 (April 2020) Titre : The impact of second-order ionospheric delays on the ZWD estimation with GPS and BDS measurements Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Shaocheng Zhang, Auteur ; Lei Fang, Auteur ; Guangxing Wang, Auteur ; Wei Li, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie spatiale [Termes descripteurs IGN] champ géomagnétique [Termes descripteurs IGN] décalage d'horloge [Termes descripteurs IGN] données BeiDou [Termes descripteurs IGN] données GPS [Termes descripteurs IGN] gradient d'ionosphère [Termes descripteurs IGN] méthode des moindres carrés [Termes descripteurs IGN] positionnement ponctuel précis [Termes descripteurs IGN] retard ionosphèrique [Termes descripteurs IGN] retard troposphérique zénithal [Termes descripteurs IGN] teneur verticale totale en électrons Résumé : (auteur) Since millimeter accuracy is required in many GNSS applications such as real-time zenith wet delay (ZWD) estimation, the higher-order ionospheric delays on GNSS signals are no longer negligible. We calculated the second-order ionospheric delays (I2) and analyzed the impact on the ZWD estimation with GPS-only and combined GPS/BDS observations. The undifferenced PPP model with fixed coordinates was used to estimate the ZWD and horizontal gradients. The method of blockwise sequential least squares was utilized to eliminate the receiver clock biases and compute the I2 impact on the ZWDs. The I2 delays on each GNSS satellite observations were calculated with the CODE final TEC map and the 12th generation of the international geomagnetic reference field (IGRF-12) model. The statistical results with the actual observation geometry show that the I2 delays can reach over 10 mm during the daytime, and the corresponding impact on the estimated ZWD can reach up to several millimeters. At station HKWS, the maximum I2 impact with GPS only reaches up to 3.1 mm and is still 2.4 mm when both GPS and BDS observations are used. The simulated I2 impact on the ZWD could reach several millimeters, even though the TEC and geomagnetic values were calculated from relatively moderate background models. Compared with the 5–10 mm precision of real-time ZWD estimation, the I2 delays must not be ignored, especially during high VTEC periods. Numéro de notice : A2020-082 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s10291-020-0954-8 date de publication en ligne : 04/02/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-020-0954-8 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=94651 [article]

Combinatorial optimization applied to VLBI scheduling / A. Corbin in Journal of geodesy, vol 94 n°2 (February 2020)  

Public [article]  inJournal of geodesy > vol 94 n°2 (February 2020) Titre : Combinatorial optimization applied to VLBI scheduling Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : A. Corbin, Auteur ; B. Niedermann, Auteur ; Axel Nothnagel, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie spatiale [Termes descripteurs IGN] analyse combinatoire (maths) [Termes descripteurs IGN] données VGOS [Termes descripteurs IGN] interférométrie à très grande base [Termes descripteurs IGN] positionnement par ITGB [Termes descripteurs IGN] programmation linéaire [Termes descripteurs IGN] retard troposphérique zénithal [Termes descripteurs IGN] station VLBI [Termes descripteurs IGN] téléscope [Termes descripteurs IGN] temps universel coordonné Résumé : (auteur) Due to the advent of powerful solvers, today linear programming has seen many applications in production and routing. In this publication, we present mixed-integer linear programming as applied to scheduling geodetic very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations. The approach uses combinatorial optimization and formulates the scheduling task as a mixed-integer linear program. Within this new method, the schedule is considered as an entity containing all possible observations of an observing session at the same time, leading to a global optimum. In our example, the optimum is found by maximizing the sky coverage score. The sky coverage score is computed by a hierarchical partitioning of the local sky above each telescope into a number of cells. Each cell including at least one observation adds a certain gain to the score. The method is computationally expensive and this publication may be ahead of its time for large networks and large numbers of VLBI observations. However, considering that developments of solvers for combinatorial optimization are progressing rapidly and that computers increase in performance, the usefulness of this approach may come up again in some distant future. Nevertheless, readers may be prompted to look into these optimization methods already today seeing that they are available also in the geodetic literature. The validity of the concept and the applicability of the logic are demonstrated by evaluating test schedules for five 1-h, single-baseline Intensive VLBI sessions. Compared to schedules that were produced with the scheduling software sked, the number of observations per session is increased on average by three observations and the simulated precision of UT1-UTC is improved in four out of five cases (6 μs average improvement in quadrature). Moreover, a simplified and thus much faster version of the mixed-integer linear program has been developed for modern VLBI Global Observing System telescopes. Numéro de notice : A2020-153 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : MATHEMATIQUE/POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s00190-020-01348-w date de publication en ligne : 29/01/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-020-01348-w Format de la ressource électronique : url article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=94786 [article]

Advanced GNSS tropospheric products for monitoring severe weather events and climate, ch. 5. Use of GNSS Tropospheric Products for Climate Monitoring (Working Group 3) / Olivier Bock (2020)  

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Consistency and representativeness of integrated water vapour from ground-based GPS observations and ERA-Interim reanalysis / Olivier Bock in Atmospheric chemistry and physics, vol 19 n° 14 (July 2019)  

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Parallel computation of regional CORS network corrections based on ionospheric-free PPP / Linyang Li in GPS solutions, vol 23 n° 3 (July 2019)  

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Sensitivity of GPS tropospheric estimates to mesoscale convective systems in West Africa / Samuel Nahmani in Atmospheric chemistry and physics, vol 19 n° 14 (July 2019)    

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High-resolution models of tropospheric delays and refractivity based on GNSS and numerical weather prediction data for alpine regions in Switzerland / Karina Wilgan in Journal of geodesy, vol 93 n°6 (June 2019)  

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The impact of relative and absolute GNSS positioning strategies on estimated coordinates and ZWD in the framework of meteorological applications / Alessandro Fermi in Applied geomatics, vol 11 n° 1 (March 2019)  

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A new global grid model for the determination of atmospheric weighted mean temperature in GPS precipitable water vapor / Liangke Huang in Journal of geodesy, vol 93 n° 2 (February 2019)  

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Impact of GPS antenna phase center models on zenith wet delay and tropospheric gradients / Yohannes Getachew Ejigu in GPS solutions, vol 23 n° 1 (January 2019)  

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PPPH : a MATLAB-based software for multi-GNSS precise point positioning analysis / Berkay Bahadur in GPS solutions, vol 22 n° 4 (October 2018)  

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Assessment of local GNSS baselines at co-location sites / Iván Herrera Pinzón in Journal of geodesy, vol 92 n° 9 (September 2018)  

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