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Review of code and phase biases in multi-GNSS positioning / Martin Håkansson in GPS solutions, vol 21 n° 3 (July 2017)  

Public [article]  inGPS solutions > vol 21 n° 3 (July 2017) . - pp 849 - 860 Titre : Review of code and phase biases in multi-GNSS positioning Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Martin Håkansson, Auteur ; Anna B. O. Jensen, Auteur ; Milan Horemuz, Auteur ; Gunnar Hedling, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : pp 849 - 860 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement du signal [Termes descripteurs IGN] code GNSS [Termes descripteurs IGN] correction du signal [Termes descripteurs IGN] données GNSS [Termes descripteurs IGN] modèle ionosphérique [Termes descripteurs IGN] phase GNSS [Termes descripteurs IGN] positionnement par GNSS [Termes descripteurs IGN] précision du positionnement [Termes descripteurs IGN] récepteur GNSS [Termes descripteurs IGN] résolution d'ambiguïté Résumé : (auteur) A review of the research conducted until present on the subject of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) hardware-induced phase and code biases is here provided. Biases in GNSS positioning occur because of imperfections and/or physical limitations in the GNSS hardware. The biases are a result of small delays between events that ideally should be simultaneous in the transmission of the signal from a satellite or in the reception of the signal in a GNSS receiver. Consequently, these biases will also be present in the GNSS code and phase measurements and may there affect the accuracy of positions and other quantities derived from the observations. For instance, biases affect the ability to resolve the integer ambiguities in Precise Point Positioning (PPP), and in relative carrier phase positioning when measurements from multiple GNSSs are used. In addition, code biases affect ionospheric modeling when the Total Electron Content is estimated from GNSS measurements. The paper illustrates how satellite phase biases inhibit the resolution of the phase ambiguity to an integer in PPP, while receiver phase biases affect multi-GNSS positioning. It is also discussed how biases in the receiver channels affect relative GLONASS positioning with baselines of mixed receiver types. In addition, the importance of code biases between signals modulated onto different carriers as is required for modeling the ionosphere from GNSS measurements is discussed. The origin of biases is discussed along with their effect on GNSS positioning, and descriptions of how biases can be estimated or in other ways handled in the positioning process are provided. Numéro de notice : A2017-438 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article DOI : 10.1007/s10291-016-0572-7 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-016-0572-7 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=86348 [article]

Optimal Doppler-aided smoothing strategy for GNSS navigation / Zebo Zhou in GPS solutions, vol 21 n° 1 (January 2017)  

Public [article]  inGPS solutions > vol 21 n° 1 (January 2017) . - pp 197 - 210 Titre : Optimal Doppler-aided smoothing strategy for GNSS navigation Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Zebo Zhou, Auteur ; Bofeng Li, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : pp 197 - 210 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement du signal [Termes descripteurs IGN] code GNSS [Termes descripteurs IGN] données Doppler [Termes descripteurs IGN] glissement de cycle [Termes descripteurs IGN] onde porteuse [Termes descripteurs IGN] phase Résumé : (Auteur) Carrier-phase-smoothed code (CPSC), i.e., smoothing of the code using carrier phases, has widely been used to reduce the code noise in GNSS applications. However, the efficiency of CPSC suffers significantly from cycle slips, interruptions and jitters. The GNSS Doppler, as an instantaneous measurement, is robust and immune to cycle slips and proven useful in GNSS-challenged environments. We develop optimal Doppler-smoothed code based on the principle of minimum variance using the Hatch filter for two typical applications, which are called pure Doppler-smoothed code (PDSC) and continued Doppler-smoothed code. PDSC results from smoothing the code using only Doppler, whereas in case of continued Doppler-smoothed code, the smoothing continues using Doppler once the carrier phase becomes unavailable. Furthermore, in order to refine the Doppler-smoothed code model, a balance factor is introduced for adjusting the contributions of raw code and Doppler measurements to the smoothed code in case the Doppler noise is relatively large. Finally, experiments are carried out to demonstrate the performance of the theory, which verifies its validity and efficiency. Numéro de notice : A2017-016 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article DOI : 10.1007/s10291-015-0512-y date de publication en ligne : 20/01/2016 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-015-0512-y Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=83947 [article]

An advanced GNSS code multipath detection and estimation algorithm / Negin Sokhandan in GPS solutions, vol 20 n° 4 (October 2016)  

Public [article]  inGPS solutions > vol 20 n° 4 (October 2016) . - pp 627 - 640 Titre : An advanced GNSS code multipath detection and estimation algorithm Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Negin Sokhandan, Auteur ; James T. Curran, Auteur ; Ali Broumandan, Auteur ; Gérard Lachapelle, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 627 - 640 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de géodésie spatiale [Termes descripteurs IGN] CDMA [Termes descripteurs IGN] code GNSS [Termes descripteurs IGN] méthode du maximum de vraisemblance (estimation) [Termes descripteurs IGN] milieu urbain [Termes descripteurs IGN] modèle de simulation [Termes descripteurs IGN] positionnement par GNSS [Termes descripteurs IGN] système de navigation [Termes descripteurs IGN] trajet multiple Résumé : (Auteur) A novel maximum likelihood-based range estimation algorithm is designed to provide robustness to multipath, which is recognized as a dominant error source in DS-CDMA-based navigation systems. The detection–estimation problem is jointly solved to sequentially estimate the parameters of each individual multipath component and predict the existence of a next possible component. A comparison between contemporary maximum likelihood-based multipath estimation techniques and this new technique is provided. A selection of realistic channel simulation models is used to assess relative performance under different operating situations. A set of real GPS L1/CA data processing results are also presented to further assess the applicability of the proposed algorithm for urban navigation. Numéro de notice : A2016--025 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10291-015-0475-z Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=83926 [article]

Ionospheric tomography using GNSS: multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique applied to the area of Brazil / Fabricio Dos Santos Prol in GPS solutions, vol 20 n° 4 (October 2016)  

Public [article]  inGPS solutions > vol 20 n° 4 (October 2016) . - pp 807 - 814 Titre : Ionospheric tomography using GNSS: multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique applied to the area of Brazil Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Fabricio Dos Santos Prol, Auteur ; Paulo de Oliveira Camargo, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 807 - 814 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de géodésie spatiale [Termes descripteurs IGN] Brésil [Termes descripteurs IGN] code GNSS [Termes descripteurs IGN] International Reference Ionosphere [Termes descripteurs IGN] modèle ionosphérique [Termes descripteurs IGN] multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique [Termes descripteurs IGN] phase GNSS [Termes descripteurs IGN] récepteur GNSS [Termes descripteurs IGN] teneur totale en électrons [Termes descripteurs IGN] tomographie par GPS Résumé : (Auteur) Experimental analysis was performed using multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique (MART) to map the ionosphere over Brazil. Code and phase observations from the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) together with the international reference ionosphere (IRI) enabled the estimation of ionospheric profiles and total electron content (TEC) over the entire region. Twenty-four days of data collected from existing ground-based GNSS receivers during the recent solar maximum period were used to analyze the performance of the MART algorithm. The results were compared with four ionosondes. It was demonstrated that MART estimated the electron density peak with the same degree of accuracy as the IRI model in regions with appropriate geometrical coverage by GNSS receivers for tomographic reconstruction. In addition, the slant TEC, as estimated with MART, presented lower root-mean-square error than the TEC calculated by ionospheric maps available from the International GNSS Service (IGS). Furthermore, the daily variations of the ionosphere were better represented with the algebraic techniques, compared to the IRI model and IGS maps, enabling a correlation of the elevation of the ionosphere at higher altitudes with the equatorial ionization anomaly intensification. The tomographic representations also enabled the detection of high vertical gradients at the same instants in which ionospheric irregularities were evident. Numéro de notice : A2016--030 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10291-015-0490-0 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=83932 [article]

A comparative analysis of measurement noise and multipath for four constellations: GPS, BeiDou, GLONASS and Galileo / Changsheng Cai in Survey review, vol 48 n° 349 (July 2016)  

Public [article]  inSurvey review > vol 48 n° 349 (July 2016) . - pp 287 - 295 Titre : A comparative analysis of measurement noise and multipath for four constellations: GPS, BeiDou, GLONASS and Galileo Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Changsheng Cai, Auteur ; Chang He, Auteur ; Rock Santerre, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 287 - 295 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie spatiale [Termes descripteurs IGN] analyse comparative [Termes descripteurs IGN] code GNSS [Termes descripteurs IGN] constellation BeiDou [Termes descripteurs IGN] constellation Galileo [Termes descripteurs IGN] constellation GLONASS [Termes descripteurs IGN] constellation GPS [Termes descripteurs IGN] phase [Termes descripteurs IGN] rapport signal sur bruit [Termes descripteurs IGN] trajet multiple Résumé : (auteur) With the rapid development of BeiDou system (BDS) and steady progress of Galileo system, the current GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) constellations consist of GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou and Galileo. The real signals from the four constellations have been available, which allows us to analyse and compare their measurement noises and multipath effects. In this study, a zero-baseline test is conducted using two ‘Trimble NetR9’ receivers to assess and compare the noises and multipath of measurements on multiple frequencies from the four satellite systems. The zero-baseline double difference approach is utilised to analyse the receiver noises. The code multipath combination and triple-frequency carrier phase combination approaches are exploited to analyse a comprehensive effect of the multipath and noises on the code and carrier phase measurements, respectively. Based on the analysis of the zero-baseline dataset, the results indicate that the code measurement noise levels range from 5 to 25 cm while the carrier phase noise levels vary within 0.9–1.5 mm for different frequencies and constellations. The code multipath and noise (CMN) level for GLONASS is the largest with a root mean square (RMS) value of 39 cm on both G1 and G2 frequencies whereas the Galileo code measurements exhibit a smallest level on the E5 frequency with a RMS value of only 10 cm. The RMS of the carrier phase multipath and noises (PMN) ranges from 1.3 to 2.6 mm for BeiDou and Galileo satellites. By contrast, the triple-frequency carrier phase combinations from the GPS Block IIF satellites demonstrate a much larger RMS value of 5.6 mm owing to an effect of inter-frequency clock biases. Numéro de notice : A2016-625 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article DOI : 10.1179/1752270615Y.0000000032 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1179/1752270615Y.0000000032 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81843 [article]

Determination of differential code biases with multi-GNSS observations / Ningbo Wang in Journal of geodesy, vol 90 n° 3 (March 2016)  

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Precise position determination using a Galileo E5 single-frequency receiver / H. Toho Diessongo in GPS solutions, vol 18 n° 1 (january 2014)  

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