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Termes IGN > environnement > écologie > phytoécologie > écologie forestière
écologie forestière
Commentaire :
Écocomplexe forestier, Écologie des forêts, Écosystème des forêts, Écosystème forestier, Forêt -- Écologie. Écologie agricole. >> Faune des forêts, Flore forestière, Microclimat forestier, Station forestière -- Typologie, Écologie des zones de végétation arbustive, Réserve forestière, Forêt. >>Terme(s) spécifique(s) : Radioécologie des forêts, Écologie des forêts de nuage, Écologie des taïgas, Écologie des forêts tropophiles, Écologie des forêts de hautes futaies, Écologie de la canopée, Écologie des forêts littorales, Forêt -- Dynamique, Écologie des forêts pluviales. Equiv. LCSH : Forest ecology. Domaine(s) : 570. Voir aussi |
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Conservation zones increase habitat heterogeneity of certified Mediterranean oak woodlands / Teresa Mexia in Forest ecology and management, vol 504 (January-15 2022)
[article]
Titre : Conservation zones increase habitat heterogeneity of certified Mediterranean oak woodlands Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Teresa Mexia, Auteur ; Xavier Lecomte, Auteur ; Maria Conceição Caldeira, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : n° 119811 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] biométrie
[Termes IGN] certification forestière
[Termes IGN] chênaie
[Termes IGN] conservation des ressources forestières
[Termes IGN] écosystème forestier
[Termes IGN] forêt méditerranéenne
[Termes IGN] gestion forestière durable
[Termes IGN] Portugal
[Termes IGN] Quercus suber
[Termes IGN] régénération (sylviculture)
[Termes IGN] sous-étage
[Termes IGN] sylvopastoralisme
[Vedettes matières IGN] Ecologie forestièreRésumé : (auteur) Forest certification is a conservation tool, which aims to promote the sustainable management and conservation of forest ecosystems. Establishing set-aside or lower intervention conservation zones to promote biodiversity conservation is a requisite of forest certification. We tested the effects of conservation zones on the tree biometrics and regeneration, as well as on the taxonomic, functional, and structural diversity of the shrub and herb understory, in Mediterranean oak woodlands. We also assessed how oak biometrics, regeneration and understory diversity varied among conservation zones established 10, 14, and 20 years before our sampling dates. Oak regeneration tended to be higher in conservation zones than in controls, but results varied with the age of conservation zones. For example, the abundance of oak seedlings and saplings was higher in 10-year-old conservation zones than in those established 20 years ago. Abundance of young oak trees was higher in 14-year-old conservation zones than in 10- and 20-year-old conservation zones. The understory vertical diversity was significantly higher in 14- and 20-year-old conservation zones than in controls. Functional diversity differed significantly between conservation zones and controls, with a higher abundance of late-successional shrubs, namely fleshy-fruited species in 20-year-old conservation zones. The plant species composition of the shrub and the herb understory was most dissimilar between older conservation zones and controls. Additionally, the cover and diversity of the understory herb species decreased with the age of conservation zones. Conservation zones implemented under forest certification increase habitat structural complexity of oak woodlands, which may benefit wildlife species, but there will be trade-offs with the cover and diversity of the herb understory. Forest managers must evaluate such trade-offs when establishing conservation zones in cork oak woodlands under forest certification schemes. Numéro de notice : A2022-019 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : BIODIVERSITE/FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119811 Date de publication en ligne : 02/11/2021 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119811 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=99213
in Forest ecology and management > vol 504 (January-15 2022) . - n° 119811[article]Drought stress and pests increase defoliation and mortality rates in vulnerable Abies pinsapo forests / Rafael M. Navarro-Cerrillo in Forest ecology and management, vol 504 (January-15 2022)
[article]
Titre : Drought stress and pests increase defoliation and mortality rates in vulnerable Abies pinsapo forests Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Rafael M. Navarro-Cerrillo, Auteur ; Pablo González-Moreno, Auteur ; Francisco José Ruiz-Gómez, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : n° 119824 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] Abies pinsapo
[Termes IGN] Andalousie
[Termes IGN] défoliation
[Termes IGN] dépérissement
[Termes IGN] Fungi
[Termes IGN] insecte nuisible
[Termes IGN] maladie infectieuse
[Termes IGN] mortalité
[Termes IGN] sapinière
[Termes IGN] stress hydrique
[Vedettes matières IGN] ForesterieRésumé : (auteur) Forest ecosystems are increasingly exposed to the combined pressure of climate change and attacks by pests and pathogens. These stress factors can threaten already vulnerable species triggering dieback and rising defoliation and mortality rates. To characterize abiotic (drought, climate warmings) and biotic (pathogens) risks and their spatiotemporal patterns we quantified the recent loss of vitality for the endangered and relict Abies pinsapo forests from Andalusia, south-eastern Spain. Abies pinsapo is an iconic Mediterranean fir showing a high vulnerability to drought stress and also to several pests (Cryphalus numidicus) and root rot fungi (Armillaria mellea). We analyzed a monitoring network dataset of radial growth, defoliation and mortality from 2001 to 2017 including 1025 trees situated in three major mountain ranges (Sierra de Grazalema, Sierra de las Nieves, and Sierra Bermeja). We fitted several statistical models to determine the main drivers of changes in defoliation, a proxy of tree vigor, and mortality. Defoliation and mortality rates were much higher towards the East of the study area, mirroring the gradient from Atlantic to Mediterranean climatic conditions. In the most affected stands tree defoliation increased in response to a combination of long and severe droughts, with attacks by the beetle C. numidicus. Mortality rates increased in response to a higher defoliation rate, a lower relative radial-growth rate, long and severe droughts and a higher incidence of A. mellea. Our findings illustrate the value of monitoring networks recording changes in forest health to quantify and forecast future vulnerability of threatened tree species. Numéro de notice : A2022-020 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119824 Date de publication en ligne : 17/11/2021 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119824 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=99217
in Forest ecology and management > vol 504 (January-15 2022) . - n° 119824[article]Forest floor alteration by canopy trees and soil wetness drive regeneration of a spruce-beech forest / Pavel Daněk in Forest ecology and management, vol 504 (January-15 2022)
[article]
Titre : Forest floor alteration by canopy trees and soil wetness drive regeneration of a spruce-beech forest Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Pavel Daněk, Auteur ; Pavel Šamonil, Auteur ; Libor Hort, Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : n° 119802 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] bois mort
[Termes IGN] canopée
[Termes IGN] Fagus sylvatica
[Termes IGN] humidité du sol
[Termes IGN] litière
[Termes IGN] peuplement mélangé
[Termes IGN] Picea abies
[Termes IGN] régénération (sylviculture)
[Termes IGN] République Tchèque
[Termes IGN] semis (sylviculture)
[Termes IGN] sol forestier
[Vedettes matières IGN] ForesterieRésumé : (auteur) Natural regeneration of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) plays a crucial role in the future of many European mountain forests. It is affected by various soil and stand-related factors whose relative importance, especially in mixed stands, is still not known. In this study, we assessed the importance of stand composition, soil wetness, disturbances and different microsites and seedbeds for regeneration of beech and spruce in a mixed old-growth mountain forest. We also focused on how the effects of these factors change as regeneration gets older. We sampled all regeneration in 563 plots from different microsite types (deadwood, intact soil, treethrow pits and mounds), distinguishing three seedbeds (mosses, beech litter, bare substrate) for seedlings. We used soil survey and tree census data with generalized linear mixed models and variance partitioning to identify the main factors driving tree regeneration and their relative importance. Although beech was slightly less abundant in the canopy than spruce, it strongly outnumbered spruce in regeneration. Beech regeneration showed an affinity for beech litter-rich microsites and drier soils, while spruce was more common on deadwood and moister soils and its response to the seedbed was microsite-specific. The regeneration of both species was positively related to the proportion of their own species in the canopy, but more so in seedlings than in older regeneration cohorts, where soil wetness was more important. The overall pattern of tree regeneration thus resulted from a complex interplay between site conditions and their alterations by current and former generations of canopy trees through the creation of new microsites (deadwood, uprooting mounds) or litter production. Where beech regeneration is not suppressed by excess soil wetness, it is much more successful than spruce due to its shade tolerance and ability to be established in the beech litter that dominates the forest floor. On the other hand, spruce regeneration is mostly restricted to elevated microsites with lower litter accumulation, such as deadwood and treethrow mounds. Our results indicate that both species exhibit an ability to modify their environment in favor of their own regeneration, but under current conditions, beech is more successful than spruce and can be expected to increase its dominance in the future. Numéro de notice : A2022-022 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119802 Date de publication en ligne : 04/11/2021 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119802 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=99214
in Forest ecology and management > vol 504 (January-15 2022) . - n° 119802[article]3D stem modelling in tropical forest: towards improved biomass and biomass change estimates / Sébastien Bauwens (2022)
Titre : 3D stem modelling in tropical forest: towards improved biomass and biomass change estimates Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Sébastien Bauwens, Auteur Editeur : Gembloux [Belgique] : Université de Liège - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Année de publication : 2022 Importance : 146 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Note générale : Bibliographie
Dissertation originale présentée en vue de l'obtention du grade de Docteur en Sciences Agronomiques et Ingénierie BiologiqueLangues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications photogrammétriques
[Termes IGN] analyse comparative
[Termes IGN] biomasse aérienne
[Termes IGN] cartographie et localisation simultanées
[Termes IGN] Congo
[Termes IGN] diamètre à hauteur de poitrine
[Termes IGN] dioxyde de carbone
[Termes IGN] données lidar
[Termes IGN] écosystème forestier
[Termes IGN] forêt tropicale
[Termes IGN] hauteur des arbres
[Termes IGN] inventaire forestier (techniques et méthodes)
[Termes IGN] lidar mobile
[Termes IGN] modèle de croissance végétale
[Termes IGN] modèle numérique de terrain
[Termes IGN] placette d'échantillonnage
[Termes IGN] puits de carbone
[Termes IGN] semis de points
[Termes IGN] stéréoscopie
[Termes IGN] structure-from-motion
[Termes IGN] télémétrie laser terrestreRésumé : (auteur) Tropical forests are the main contributors of CO2 emissions between the biosphere and the atmosphere in the land use sector. The deforestation and degradation of these forests are the main sources of emissions from this sector, which accounts for 15% of the world's CO2 emissions. The monitoring of CO2 emissions and removals from tropical forests requires fine measurements of their trees. These measurements are then used as inputs in allometric model to predict the tree aboveground biomass and thus indirectly their equivalent in CO2. However, a significant proportion of trees in tropical forests show morphological singularities on the stem such as buttresses or other irregularities. The height (HPOM) of the diameter measured (DPOM) is therefore commonly raised above the buttresses to reach a circular part of the stem. The standard of measuring the diameter at breast height (DBH) is then lost. In this context, this thesis aims to improve the monitoring of tropical trees with stem irregularities by using recent three-dimensional (3D) measurement tools and developing a model-based approach to harmonize height measurements of the diameterdo. First, we evaluated the potential of the close-range terrestrial photogrammetric approach (CRTP) to measure irregular shaped stems. The advantage of this 3D approach is its low cost and ease of implementation as it only requires a camera and targets. Following the convincing results of this approach, we studied the quality of the allometric relationship between variables extracted from the stem cross-section at 1.3 m height and above-ground biomass. We found that the equivalent diameter of the basal area at 1.3 m height (DBH') correlates better with aboveground tree biomass and thus its carbon content than does diameter above buttress (DPOM). Therefore, harmonization of HPOM to 1.3 m height should be further studied to improve biomass estimates. Secondly, we investigated the potential of a hand-held mobile lidar scanner (HMLS) to measure in 3D not only one tree at a time but many trees from forest plots with a 15 m radius in Belgian temperate forest. To assess the HMLS, we compared it to 3D measurements made with a more commonly used static terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and with conventional forest inventory diameter and position measurements. The HMLS has a better 3D spatial coverage of the stems than the TLS and the precision of the stem diameter measurements is also better with the HMLS. Setting up the plot and scanning it from five locations with the TLS takes three times longer than scanning with HMLS. This pioneering work shows us the potential of using HMLS in tropical forests through its speed of execution and its important spatial coverage at the stem level, an important issue for irregular shaped tree stems. Thirdly, we developed and assessed a model-based approach for harmonizing HPOM to correct the bias induced by irregular stems in the aboveground biomass estimates of forest inventory plots. Following the estimation of DBH' using a taper model proposed in our study, we find that conventional aboveground biomass estimates (i.e. with only DPOM), compared to estimates made with DBH', show an increasing divergence with the increase of irregular stems proportion within plots and going up to -15% in our study. These results show the importance of considering HPOM when estimating aboveground biomass in tropical forests, especially in forests with many irregular stems. Estimates of the evolution of plot above-ground biomass over time should also be revised to better consider the biomass growth of irregular shaped tree stems, which has been underestimated until now. Finally, based on the results of this research, we summarize the 3D measurement tools currently available and describe their advantages and disadvantages in the case of irregular stems. Based on available human and technical resources, we also give recommendations on the harmonization method to use in permanent sampling plots to correct the bias induced by irregular stems. Improved monitoring of these tropical trees may provide a better understanding of some of the residual, i.e. unexplained, terrestrial ecosystem CO2 sink currently noted in IPCC reports. Note de contenu : 1- General introduction
2- 3D measurements of irregularly shaped stems
3- 3D stem measurements at the plot level
4- Making tropical forest plots comparable
5- DiscussionNuméro de notice : 24037 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET/IMAGERIE Nature : Thèse étrangère Note de thèse : Thèse de Doctorat : Sciences Agronomiques et Ingénierie Biologique : Liège : 2022 DOI : sans En ligne : https://hdl.handle.net/2268/293900 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=101855
Titre : Les forêts de pins d’Alep du massif de la Clape Type de document : Rapport Auteurs : Clara Gritti, Auteur ; Sébastien Delhaye , Auteur ; Olivier Argagnon, Auteur Editeur : Porquerolles : Conservatoire botanique national méditerranéen de Porquerolles Année de publication : 2022 Autre Editeur : Saint-Mandé : Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière - IGN (2012-) Importance : 43 p. Note générale : bibliographie
édité par Conservatoire botanique national méditerranéen, Centre d’Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive (CNRS) et Institut national de l’information géographique et forestièreLangues : Français (fre) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] Aude (11)
[Termes IGN] classification ascendante hiérarchique
[Termes IGN] phytosociologie
[Termes IGN] pineraie
[Termes IGN] Pinus halepensis
[Termes IGN] Quercus ilex
[Vedettes matières IGN] BotaniqueRésumé : (auteur) Les forêts de pins d’Alep (Pinus halepensis Mill.) sont très répandues dans le midi de la France. Pourtant, les connaissances sont encore lacunaires à leur sujet. Dans le site Natura 2000 « Massif de la Clape », sur le littoral audois, les particularités des forêts de pins d’Alep sont étudiées en détails. Une attention particulière est portée à la question de la dynamique de ces forêts, réputées pour être l’un des rares cas de pinèdes climaciques sous nos latitudes. Des relevés phytosociologiques de terrain et des paramètres topographiques et lithologiques sont mis à profit pour approfondir les connaissances sur les caractéristiques floristiques et écologiques de ces forêts. Une classification hiérarchique ascendante met en évidence trois groupes de forêts distincts à l’échelle locale. La même méthode est appliquée à l’échelle de la région méditerranéenne continentale française, pour laquelle six groupes distincts sont identifiés. On peut ainsi replacer les pinèdes du massif de la Clape au sein de leur contexte régional. Finalement, il s’avère que les forêts de la Clape s’inscrivent dans la série de végétation du chêne vert (Quercus ilex L.), comme la plupart des peuplements de la région. Rien ne prouve qu’elles aient atteint un climax. Note de contenu : Introduction
Matériel et méthode
Résultats
Discussion et conclusionNuméro de notice : 14330 Affiliation des auteurs : IGN+Ext (2020- ) Thématique : FORET Nature : Rapport d'étude technique nature-HAL : Rapport DOI : sans Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=102917 Documents numériques
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