Centre dedocumentation
scientifique

Effects of thinning practice, high pruning and slash management on crop tree and stand growth in young even-aged stands of planted silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) / Jens Peter Skovsgaard in Forests, vol 12 n° 2 (February 2021)  

Public [article]  inForests > vol 12 n° 2 (February 2021) . - n° 225 Titre : Effects of thinning practice, high pruning and slash management on crop tree and stand growth in young even-aged stands of planted silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Jens Peter Skovsgaard, Auteur ; Ulf Johansson, Auteur ; Emma Hölmstrom, Auteur ; Rebecka McCarthy Tune, Auteur ; Clémentine Ols , Auteur ; Giulia Attocchi, Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Projets : ARBRE / AgroParisTech, LUE / Université de Lorraine Article en page(s) : n° 225 Note générale : bibliographie This work was supported by the Swedish forest-owner association Södra and the Swedish national research program Future Forests. C. Ols was funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR-11-LABX-0002-01 and ANR-15-IDEX-04-LUE) during her review and editing of the paper. Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] Betula pendula [Termes IGN] Canada [Termes IGN] croissance des arbres [Termes IGN] éclaircie (sylviculture) [Termes IGN] élagage (sylviculture) [Termes IGN] étude d'impact [Termes IGN] forêt équienne [Termes IGN] Suède [Termes IGN] volume en bois [Vedettes matières IGN] Sylviculture Résumé : (auteur) The objective was to quantify the influence of thinning, high pruning and slash management on crop tree and stand growth in young even-aged stands of planted silver birch (Betula pendula Roth). This study was based on two field experiments, aged six and eleven years at initiation and re-measured after six and eight years, respectively. Treatments included the unthinned control, moderate thinning mainly from below (removing 28–33% of standing volume), point thinning to favor 300 trees per ha and with no thinning elsewhere in the plot (removing 16–25%), and heavy thinning leaving 600 evenly distributed potential future crop trees per ha (removing 64–75%). Slash management (extraction or retention) was applied to heavily thinned plots. High pruning removing 30–70% of the green crown was carried out in some plots with point or heavy thinning on 300 or 600 trees per ha, respectively. Stand volume growth increased with increasing pre-treatment mean annual volume increment and decreased with increasing thinning intensity as compared to the unthinned control. LS-means estimates indicated a reduction for moderate thinning by 14%, for point thinning by 12% and for heavy thinning (combined with pruning) by 62%. However, in the youngest experiment, heavy thinning (without pruning) reduced growth by 54%. Combining these results with results from a similar experiment in Canada, the reduction in stand volume growth (RedIv%) depending on thinning removal (RemV%), both expressed as a percentage of the unthinned control, was quantified as RedIv% = −23.67 + 1.16·RemV% (calibration range: 30–83%). For heavy thinning (large quantities of slash), slash extraction resulted in no reduction in stand volume growth as compared to slash retention. The instantaneous numeric reduction in the average stem diameter of the 300 thickest trees per ha (D300) due to thinning was 3.5, 15–21% and 955–11% with moderate, point and heavy thinning, respectively. The subsequent average annual increase in D300 during the observation period was 8.5%, 25 and 18%, respectively. In the youngest experiment, pruning in unthinned plots led to a reduction in the annual increase of D300 by 14%, and heavy thinning in unpruned plots led to an increase by 30%. The growth of pre-selected potential future crop trees increased with increasing thinning intensity. In heavily thinned plots, pruning reduced growth increasingly with increasing pruning severity; LS-means estimates indicated 21% larger growth on stem diameter for unpruned trees and 3% for pruned trees. As an adverse side effect, heavily thinned plots with only 600 trees per ha were at increased risk of windthrow for some years after the thinning intervention. In the oldest experiment, 95–21% of the trees in these plots were damaged by wind. Numéro de notice : A2021-171 Affiliation des auteurs : LIF+Ext (2020- ) Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.3390/f12020225 Date de publication en ligne : 16/02/2021 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.3390/f12020225 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=97132 [article]

Long-term tree species population dynamics in Swiss forest reserves influenced by forest structure and climate / Amanda S. Mathys in Forest ecology and management, vol 481 (February 2021)  

Public [article]  inForest ecology and management > vol 481 (February 2021) . - n° 118666 Titre : Long-term tree species population dynamics in Swiss forest reserves influenced by forest structure and climate Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Amanda S. Mathys, Auteur ; P. Brang, Auteur ; J. Stillhard, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : n° 118666 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] Abies alba [Termes IGN] Acer pseudoplatanus [Termes IGN] analyse diachronique [Termes IGN] changement climatique [Termes IGN] diamètre à hauteur de poitrine [Termes IGN] dynamique de la végétation [Termes IGN] écosystème forestier [Termes IGN] Fagus sylvatica [Termes IGN] Fraxinus excelsior [Termes IGN] inventaire forestier étranger (données) [Termes IGN] mortalité [Termes IGN] Pinus sylvestris [Termes IGN] Quercus (genre) [Termes IGN] réserve forestière [Termes IGN] structure d'un peuplement forestier [Termes IGN] Suisse [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatique Résumé : (auteur) Changes in tree species composition can have strong effects on ecosystem functioning and the services provided by forests. Empirical observations can provide an improved understanding of the drivers of species population dynamics, yet long-term datasets are scarce in natural forests. This study used inventory data of the Swiss forest reserve network to assess tree population dynamics over the past 60 years. Tree status, species and dbh were repeatedly measured between 1956 and 2018 in 211 permanent plots of 34 forest reserves that covered a wide environmental gradient. Differences in species richness and tree density were compared between the first and last inventory. Furthermore, we used generalized linear mixed effect models to estimate the processes of ingrowth and tree mortality of seven abundant species (Abies alba, Acer pseudoplatanus, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus excelsior, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris and Quercus spp.) separately as a function of stand structural attributes and climate. We found a general decline in the density of the dominant species, with a low recruitment of light-demanding species and an increase in species richness, particularly in the colline vegetation zone. Both species-specific ingrowth and tree mortality were influenced by stand density and climate variables. Tree mortality increased with live tree density and increasing temperature. Ingrowth increased with tree density and decreased with higher temperature. Therefore, forest structural properties and climate have a strong influence on species population dynamics, and both are essential for predicting ingrowth and tree mortality in forest ecosystems. Numéro de notice : A2021-224 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118666 Date de publication en ligne : 28/10/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118666 Format de la ressource électronique : url article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=97199 [article]

A quantitative assessment of rockfall influence on forest structure in the Swiss Alps / Christine Moos in European Journal of Forest Research, vol 140 n° 1 (February 2021)  

Public [article]  inEuropean Journal of Forest Research > vol 140 n° 1 (February 2021) . - pp 91 - 104 Titre : A quantitative assessment of rockfall influence on forest structure in the Swiss Alps Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Christine Moos, Auteur ; Nora Khelidj, Auteur ; Antoine Guisan, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : pp 91 - 104 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation [Termes IGN] Alpes [Termes IGN] croissance végétale [Termes IGN] diamètre à hauteur de poitrine [Termes IGN] dynamique de la végétation [Termes IGN] éboulement [Termes IGN] modèle de simulation [Termes IGN] structure d'un peuplement forestier [Termes IGN] Suisse Résumé : (auteur) Forests below rocky cliffs often play a very important role in protecting settlements against rockfall. The structure and development of these forests are expected to be substantially affected by the disturbance of the falling rocks. Knowing about this effect is important to predict the development of protection forests and consider potential effects of the falling blocks in management strategies. The goal of this study is to quantify differences in forest structure depending on rockfall activity in four different sites in the Swiss Alps. For this, we collected data on forest structure in zones of different rockfall activity and derived rockfall impact probabilities based on rockfall simulations. We assessed whether differences in forest structure and signs of rockfall disturbance could be observed between the rockfall zones. We additionally built mixed-effects models to identify the key variables explaining the forest characteristics described by diameter (DBH) and basal area (bA). The forest structure differs between the rockfall zones, however, with varying effects amongst the sites. DBH tends to decrease with increasing rockfall activity, whereas tree density appears to be little impacted by rockfall. For most sites, the number of deposited blocks and the simulated tree impact probability have a significant effect in the models along with the species, whereas for one site, hardly any effect of rockfall was found. Our results, obtained either from direct measurements or modelling, show that rockfall can locally influence the structure of forests, whereas the influence depends on the frequency and intensity of the rockfall disturbance. Impact probabilities obtained by simulations can serve as a good proxy for rockfall disturbances. Numéro de notice : A2021-256 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s10342-020-01317-0 Date de publication en ligne : 18/09/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-020-01317-0 Format de la ressource électronique : url article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=97290 [article]

Drivers and implications of dominant and rare tree species in global forests / Iris Hordijk (2021)  

Public Titre : Drivers and implications of dominant and rare tree species in global forests Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Iris Hordijk, Auteur Editeur : Zurich : Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule ETH - Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich EPFZ Année de publication : 2021 Note générale : bibliographie Thesis submitted to attain the degree of Doctor of Sciences of ETH Zurich Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] âge du peuplement forestier [Termes IGN] biodiversité végétale [Termes IGN] biome [Termes IGN] écosystème forestier [Termes IGN] espèce végétale [Termes IGN] extinction (biologie) [Termes IGN] forêt boréale [Termes IGN] forêt tempérée [Termes IGN] forêt tropicale [Termes IGN] habitat (nature) [Termes IGN] peuplement forestier [Termes IGN] plante menacée [Termes IGN] productivité biologique [Termes IGN] richesse floristique [Termes IGN] service écosystémique [Vedettes matières IGN] Inventaire forestier Index. décimale : THESE Thèses et HDR Résumé : (auteur) Forests provide crucial ecosystem functions and services for the earth system and humanity. Due to ongoing deforestation and forest degradation, these ecosystems are increasingly fragmented and disturbed, significantly changing tree species composition within the forest. Most plant communities are comprised of a few dominant species that are numerically abundant, and many rare species, each of which exist at low abundance. Given their differences in abundance and characteristics, the loss of dominant and rare species have distinct impacts on ecosystem functioning. Decreasing abundances of dominant species typically have larger immediate impacts on overall ecosystem processes (e.g. productivity), while a decline in abundance of rare species can lead to the loss of key functions and overall multifunctionality, and can ultimately drive species extinctions. Despite their unique role in the ecosystem, it remains unclear what drives species to become dominant or rare, how threatened locally dominant and rare species are, and what the effect of species abundance on ecosystem function is across large environmental gradients in our global forests. The aim of this thesis is to explore the drivers of tree species abundance, and evaluate the effect of relative tree species abundance on forest productivity. Specifically, the three chapters of this thesis aimed to identify at a global scale the 1) patterns, drivers, and threats to dominant and rare tree species, 2) differences in trait values and trait diversity that differentiate the functional contributions of dominant and rare tree species, and 3) how evenness (the relative species abundances in the community) mediates the relationship between tree species richness and forest productivity in forests. In this thesis I answered these research questions by analyzing a global dataset of forest composition, which enabled me to describe broad-scale ecological patterns and to test general ecological laws. Note de contenu : General introduction 1- Patterns, drivers and threats to dominant and rare tree species worldwide 2- Trait diversity of dominant and rare tree species in global forests: a habitat filtering perspective 3- Evenness mediates the global relationship between forest productivity and richness Synthesis Numéro de notice : 28690 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : BIODIVERSITE/FORET Nature : Thèse étrangère Note de thèse : PhD Thesis : Sciences : ETH Zurich 2021 DOI : sans En ligne : https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/handle/20.500.11850/520710 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=100131

Étude de l’évolution du couvert forestier dans le Haut-Béarn / Céline Toussaint (2021) 

Public Titre : Étude de l’évolution du couvert forestier dans le Haut-Béarn Type de document : Mémoire Auteurs : Céline Toussaint, Auteur Editeur : Champs-sur-Marne : Ecole nationale des sciences géographiques ENSG Année de publication : 2021 Importance : 81 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Note générale : Bibliographie Mémoire de fin d'études, cycle des ingénieurs ENSG 3ème année, Master DDMEG Développement Durable, Management Environnemental et Géomatique Langues : Français (fre) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de télédétection [Termes IGN] analyse spatio-temporelle [Termes IGN] BD forêt [Termes IGN] BD Topo [Termes IGN] Béarn [Termes IGN] carte d'Etat-Major [Termes IGN] carte de Cassini [Termes IGN] couvert forestier [Termes IGN] densité de la végétation [Termes IGN] données vectorielles [Termes IGN] image aérienne [Termes IGN] image Landsat [Termes IGN] image Sentinel-MSI [Termes IGN] Normalized Difference Vegetation Index [Termes IGN] orthoimage géoréférencée [Termes IGN] peuplement forestier [Termes IGN] QGIS Index. décimale : DDMEG Mémoires du Master Développement Durable, Management Environnemental et Géomatique Résumé : (Auteur) En Asie de l’Est et en Afrique subsaharienne, la superficie de la forêt régresse, tandis qu’en Europe de l’Est, une augmentation de la surface forestière est constatée depuis le XIXe siècle. Dans le Haut-Béarn, zone montagnarde à faible densité urbaine (environ 7 000 habitants pour 100 000 hectares), cette impression d’envahissement par les arbres est forte parmi la population, depuis le début de l’exode rural et le manque de main d’œuvre pour maintenir les paysages ouverts. C’est dans ce cadre que le sujet de stage « étude de l’évolution du couvert forestier dans le Haut-Béarn » a été proposé par l’Institution Patrimoniale du Haut-Béarn. Pour analyser ces changements, il a été question d’utiliser la télédétection, après avoir vectorisé les forêts sur les cartes d’État-Major, sur d’anciennes photographies aériennes (au préalable géoréférencées) sur le logiciel de SIG QGIS. L’utilisation de données forestières vectorielles, telles que les BD Forêt V1 (1992) et V2 (2008), et la BD Topographique (2019) de l’IGN, a permis d’établir qu’une augmentation d’environ 65 % est observable entre le XIXe siècle et 2019 sur le Haut-Béarn. La classification d’images satellites et le calcul de leur NDVI a enrichi la courbe d’évolution de la forêt sur ce territoire, qui a laissé apparaître une accélération de la progression de la forêt ces dernières années. Au cours de ce stage, des travaux annexes ont également pu être réalisés, comme la préparation de cartes pour des héliportages, ou l’utilisation d’algorithmes pour détecter les zones écobuées de 2021, et ont contribué à ma compréhension des enjeux du territoire des valléens. Note de contenu : Introduction 1. Présentation et contexte 2. La caractérisation des forêts dans le Haut-Béarn au cours du temps 3. Les résultats et leurs enseignements 4. Travaux annexes principaux réalisés pendant le stage Conclusion Numéro de notice : 26663 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET/GEOMATIQUE/IMAGERIE Nature : Mémoire de fin d'études IT Organisme de stage : Institution Patrimoniale du Haut-Béarn Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=98873

Documents numériques

peut être téléchargé Étude de l’évolution du couvert forestier dans le Haut-Béarn - pdf auteur Adobe Acrobat PDF

FOSTER - An R package for forest structure extrapolation / Martin Queinnec in Plos one, vol 16 n° 1 (January 2021)  

Permalink

Interactions between oak and cervids during the process of forest regeneration / Julien Barrere (2021)  

Permalink

Sylviculture / Ana Cristina Goncalves (2021)  

Permalink

Climate sensitive single tree growth modeling using a hierarchical Bayes approach and integrated nested Laplace approximations (INLA) for a distributed lag model / Arne Nothdurft in Forest ecology and management, vol 478 ([15/12/2020])  

Permalink

Competition overrides climate as trigger of growth decline in a mixed Fagaceae Mediterranean rear-edge forest / Alvaro Rubio-Cuadrado in Annals of Forest Science, vol 77 n° 4 (December 2020)  

Permalink

A meta-analysis of changes in soil organic carbon stocks after afforestation with deciduous broadleaved, sempervirent broadleaved, and conifer tree species / Guolong Hou in Annals of Forest Science, vol 77 n° 4 (December 2020)  

Permalink

The crown condition of Norway spruce and occurrence of symptoms caused by Armillaria spp. in mixed stands / Petr Čermák in Journal of forest science, vol 66 n° 12 (December 2020)  

Permalink

Effects of radiometric correction on cover type and spatial resolution for modeling plot level forest attributes using multispectral airborne LiDAR data / Wai Yeung Yan in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 169 (November 2020)  

Permalink

Object-based classification of mixed forest types in Mongolia / E. Nyamjargal in Geocarto international, vol 35 n° 14 ([15/10/2020])  

Permalink

Boreal peatland forests: ditch network maintenance effort and water protection in a forest rotation framework / Jenny Miettinen in Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol 50 n° 10 (October 2020)  

Permalink