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Termes IGN > sciences naturelles > sciences de la vie > biologie > botanique > phytogéographie > inventaire de la végétation > inventaire forestier étranger (données)
inventaire forestier étranger (données)
Commentaire :
- Résultats du dénombrement des arbres d'un peuplement forestier, d'une forêt ou de l'ensemble des forêts d'une zone donnée, par essences, classes de dimension et autres caractéristiques. Des mesures complémentaires peuvent être effectuées sur certains arbres pour en connaître les volumes, accroissements et autres caractéristiques. L'inventaire est complet (pied à pied) ou statistique (par échantillonnage) selon que sont dénombrés tous les arbres ou seulement ceux présents sur des placettes échantillons implantées dans les peuplements à inventorier. (Vocab. forestier / Bastien)
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Titre : To die or not to die: Forest dynamics in Switzerland under climate change Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Nicolas Bircher, Auteur Editeur : Zurich : Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule ETH - Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich EPFZ Année de publication : 2015 Collection : Dissertationen ETH num. 22775 Importance : 188 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Note générale : bibliographie
A thesis submitted to attain the degree of doctor of sciences of ETH ZurichLangues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] composition floristique
[Termes IGN] dynamique de la végétation
[Termes IGN] forêt alpestre
[Termes IGN] inventaire forestier étranger (données)
[Termes IGN] modèle dynamique
[Termes IGN] Picea abies
[Termes IGN] série temporelle
[Termes IGN] structure d'un peuplement forestier
[Termes IGN] Suisse
[Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatiqueRésumé : (auteur) A high diversity of forest ecosystems is found around the globe providing various ecosystem services to humans. Responses of forests to recent increases of drought events have given rise to serious concerns about future forest development. Since anthropogenic climate change is proceeding at an unprecedented rate, the forestry sector is challenged to swiftly develop and plan adaptive management measures that guarantee the sustainable provision of forest ecosystem services in the future. The planning of management strategies is strongly dependent on reliable knowledge on future forest dynamics. To this end, the Swiss government has launched an extensive research program to examine the impact of climate change on Swiss forests. One aim among others is to assess the sensitivity of common forest types of Switzerland to climate change.
Dynamic vegetation models (DVMs) are suitable to provide quantitative assessments of forest sensitivity to climate change, as their flexibility allows considering dynamic vegetation transitions under conditions that do not represent a steady state. Among DVMs, forest gap models portray long-term forest dynamics at the stand scale taking biotic interactions such as competition into account. Recent integration of sophisticated management techniques has substantially extended their range of application from unmanaged to complex mixed-species forests under management, thus making them interesting tools for the assessment of climate change impacts on forest ecosystems. However, forest gap models integrate a large number of ecological processes that still lack an empirical base. This is particularly true for tree mortality – a key demographic process in forest dynamics – where increasing empirical research has been followed by little action in DVMs. Thus, although it is widely acknowledged that empirical functions should be integrated into DVMs to enhance ecological realism, little is known about whet her this approach leads to an increased robustness of model projections.
Given this background, my thesis includes two major objectives: 1) to examine the potential of empirical mortality functions in dynamic vegetation models and 2) to assess the sensitivity of common Swiss forests to climate change.
In Chapter 1 of this thesis, I implemented an inventory- and a tree-ring based mortality function in the forest gap model ForClim and combined them with a stochastic and a deterministic approach for the determination of tree status (alive vs. dead). These four new model versions were tested for two Norway spruces stands, one of which was managed (inventory time series of 72 years) and the other was unmanaged (41 years). Furthermore, I ran long-term simulations (~400 years) into the future to test model behavior under three climate scenarios. I showed that three out of the four mode l versions showed good agreement for stand basal area and stem numbers when compared against inventory data of both forest sites. Due to very similar model behavior, an unambiguous choice of a “best” model version was, however, not possible. In contrast, long -term simulations revealed very different behavior of the mortality models, indicating that the choice of the mortality function is crucial for simulated forest dynamics. Based on these results, I concluded that 1) empirical mortality functions are valuable replacements for current theoretical mortality algorithms in dynamic vegetation models 2) but further tests would be needed to rigorously assess their potential and to better understand interactions of the mortality function with other model processes.
Enhanced use of empirical data in dynamic vegetation models is widely advocated. However, it is largely unknown whether empirically derive d functions are compatible with the wide range of processes and interactions that are usually found in DVMs and thus, whether they lead to an better model performance. In Chapter 2 , I addressed this question with the focus on the inventory-based mortality function that has already been used in Chapter 1 . I used Bayesian methods to recalibrate its mortality parameters within ForClim. I compared its performance with the ForClim version containing the original, empirically fitted mortality parameters and with the current ForClim v3.3 that included a theoretical mortality function. Calibration and subsequent validation was based on inventory data of 30 Swiss natural forest reserves. Similarities between the calibrated and the empirically fitted mortality parameters suggest that the general structure of ForClim is appropriate to integrate empirical mortality functions. However, I found some discrepancies that indicate necessary improvements regarding the role of species’ shade tolerance in growth-mortality relationships and an optimal balance between growth and mortality. Bayesian calibration led to best performance both at calibration and validation sites. Furthermore, it revealed that the sensitivity of ForClim to parametric uncertainty is particularly high for trees in low dbh classes but surprisingly small for standard model outputs such as basal area.
Assessing the sensitivity of common forest stands in Switzerland with a forest gap model makes it necessary 1) to know which forest stands are common and 2) to have suitable data for model initialization. In Chapter 3 , I developed a stratification of the Swiss forest area to identify those forest types of Switzerland that , in terms of their stand structure and tree species composition, are most common in different eco-regions and elevation zones. I used plot data form the third Swiss National Forest Inventory (NFI3) that contained both stand attributes and single-tree data. NFI plots were grouped into eco -regions and elevation zones according to the “Guide for sustainability in protection forests” (NaiS). I further segregated NFI plots into more groups based on two forest stand attributes: vertical stand structure and developmental stage. In a last step, I relied on recommendations of sylvicultural experts for dividing some groups into more strata to strengthen a realistic tree species composition. The stratification resulted in 71 strata that contained 25% of all NFI forest plots. Single-tree data of all NFI plots associated to one stratum were aggregate d. Although the final result is a somewhat “artificial” forest stand, it has the tremendous advantage that NFI plot data can be used directly for stand initialization in the forest gap model ForClim.
In Switzerland, studies on forest sensitivity to climate change often focus on extreme sites where shifts in tree species composition are already visible while less attention is paid to the fate of common forest stands that are most important for Swiss forestry. In Chapter 4, I ran simulations for 71 strata that had been identified in the previous chapter using two model versions to examine their development until the end of the 21 st century (year 2100). Simulations were run with common Swiss forest management strategies and without management. I considered forest development under current climate (1980-2009) and under 11 different climate change scenarios assuming an A2 greenhouse gas emission scenario. According to these simulation results, shifts in structure and composition of Swiss forests have to be expected for the second half of this century. However, high variability among the strata was found due to drivers of small-scaled forest dynamics such as regional climate, elevation gradients and current species composition. I showed that current management regimes can alleviate the negative impacts of climate change but adaptive measures are necessary to be applied at a site-specific and objective-oriented base. In conclusion, model- based assessments on forest sensitivity can only provide reliable decision-making support for forest managers if small-scaled drivers of forest stand dynamics are take n into consideration.
In the Synthesis, I reflect the findings of the previous chapters by discussing the potential of empirical mortality functions in DVMs and the use of forest gap models – as one type of DVM – as tools for decision-support regarding forest management under climate change. I come to the conclusion that empirical mortality functions are capable to further improve the performance of DVMs and to increase our confidence in their projections. However, empirical functions come with limitations, which might constrain avalid applicability. For this reason, I advocate not to focus on one individual function but to aggregate knowledge on mortality mechanism and data from various sources to enhance the validity of the tree mortality mechanism in DVMs beyond individual empirical data sets. Climate change is expected to have strong effects on future development of current Swiss forests at various sites. High variability in forest response to a changing environment underlines the need to plan future forest strategies at the local scale. Forest gap models have limitations that need to be discussed and tackled. Still, I am convinced that they have the potential to play a key role in decision-making processes as they can provide what decision makers need: a comprehensive reflection of essential processes and an adequate spatial resolution.Numéro de notice : 17200 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Thèse étrangère Note de thèse : doctoral thesis : Sciences : ETH Zurich : 2015 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-010596194 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81176 Use of remotely sensed auxiliary data for improving sample-based forest inventories / Svetlana Saarela (2015)
Titre : Use of remotely sensed auxiliary data for improving sample-based forest inventories Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Svetlana Saarela, Auteur Editeur : Vantaa [Finlande] : Finnish Society of Forest Science Année de publication : 2015 Collection : Dissertationes forestales, ISSN 1795-7389 num. 201 Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-951-6514911-8 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] analyse multivariée
[Termes IGN] données auxiliaires
[Termes IGN] données lidar
[Termes IGN] données localisées 3D
[Termes IGN] échantillonnage de données
[Termes IGN] Finlande
[Termes IGN] forêt boréale
[Termes IGN] image Landsat
[Termes IGN] inférence statistique
[Termes IGN] inventaire forestier étranger (données)
[Termes IGN] placette d'échantillonnage
[Termes IGN] tronc
[Vedettes matières IGN] Inventaire forestierRésumé : (auteur) Over the past decades it has been shown that remotely sensed auxiliary data have a potential to increase the precision of key estimators in sample-based forest surveys. This thesis was motivated by the increasing availability of remotely sensed data, and the objectives were to investigate how this type of auxiliary data can be used for improving both the design and the estimators in sample-based surveys. Two different modes of inference were studied: model-based inference and design-based inference. Empirical data for the studies were acquired from a boreal forest area in the Kuortane region of western Finland. The data comprised a combination of auxiliary information derived from airborne LiDAR and Landsat data, and field sample plot data collected using a modification of the 10th Finnish National Forest Inventory. The studied forest attribute was growing stock volume.
The results of this thesis are important for the development of forest inventories to meet the requirements which stem from an increasing number of international commitments and agreements related to forests.Numéro de notice : 14978 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Thèse étrangère Note de thèse : PhD : Forest sciences : University of Helsinki : 2015 En ligne : Over the past decades it has been shown that remotely sensed auxiliary data have [...] Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=78366 Assessing changes in species distribution from sequential large-scale forest inventories / Laura Hernandez in Annals of Forest Science, vol 71 n° 2 (March 2014)
[article]
Titre : Assessing changes in species distribution from sequential large-scale forest inventories Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Laura Hernandez, Auteur ; Isabel Canellas, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : pp 161 - 171 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation
[Termes IGN] changement climatique
[Termes IGN] Espagne
[Termes IGN] espèce végétale
[Termes IGN] estimation statistique
[Termes IGN] inventaire forestier étranger (données)
[Termes IGN] phytogéographie
[Termes IGN] Pyrénées (montagne)
[Termes IGN] répartition géographiqueRésumé : (Auteur) Context: It is assumed that global change is already affecting the composition, structure and distribution of forest ecosystems; however, detailed evidences of altitudinal and latitudinal shifts are still scarce. • Aims: To develop a method based on National Forest Inventory (NFI) to assess spatio-temporal changes in species distributions. • Methods: We develop an approach based on universal kriging to compare species distribution models from the different NFI cycles and regardless of the differences in the sampling schemes used. Furthermore, a confidence interval approach is used to assess significant changes in species distribution. The approach is applied to some of the southernmost populations of Pinus sylvestris and Fagus sylvatica in the Western Pyrenees over the last 40 years. • Results: An increase of the presence of the two species in the region was observed. Scots pine distribution has shifted about 1.5 km northwards over recent decades, whereas the European beech has extended its distribution southwards by about 2 km. Furthermore, the optimum altitude for both species has risen by about 200 m. As a result, the zone in which the two species coexist has been enlarged. • Conclusions: This approach provides a useful tool to compare NFI data from different sampling schemes, quantifying and testing significant shifts in tree species distribution over recent decades across geographical gradients. Numéro de notice : A2014-050 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1007/s13595-013-0308-6 Date de publication en ligne : 12/07/2013 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-013-0308-6 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=32955
in Annals of Forest Science > vol 71 n° 2 (March 2014) . - pp 161 - 171[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 016-2014021 SL Revue Centre de documentation Revues en salle Disponible La forêt luxembourgeoise en chiffres : Résultats de l'Inventaire Forestier National au Grand-Duché de Luxembourg 2009 - 2011 / Jacques Rondeux (2014)
Titre : La forêt luxembourgeoise en chiffres : Résultats de l'Inventaire Forestier National au Grand-Duché de Luxembourg 2009 - 2011 Type de document : Rapport Auteurs : Jacques Rondeux, Éditeur scientifique Editeur : Luxembourg [Grand Duché du Luxembourg] : Administration de la nature et des forêts ANF Année de publication : 2014 Langues : Français (fre) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] inventaire forestier étranger (données)
[Termes IGN] Luxembourg
[Vedettes matières IGN] Inventaire forestierRésumé : (auteur) Cette publication brosse un tableau de la forêt luxembourgeoise sur base de données statistiques obtenues grâce au 2e Inventaire Forestier National pour le Grand-Duché, réalisé dans un réseau d'observation permanent d'environ 5.200 placettes. Le livre constitue un ouvrage de référence pour tous ceux qui s'intéressent à la forêt, à son rôle de production, mais aussi à ses rôles récréatifs et de protection.
Le premier chapitre est dédié à la méthodologie de l'Inventaire Forestier National, notamment en ce qui concerne la manière selon laquelle les observations et mesurages sur le terrain ont été réalisés. Les chapitres 2 et 3 présentent la forêt de manière générale et sa composition en particulier. Le quatrième chapitre s'intéresse aux conditions stationnelles, le cinquième chapitre à la régénération de la forêt. Les chapitres 6 et 7 traitent des ressources et de l’accroissement en bois de nos forêts. Le huitième chapitre analyse la gestion et l’exploitation de la forêt. Le chapitre 9 traite les dégâts en forêts. Le chapitre 10 est dédié à la biodiversité. Le chapitre 11 est nouveau et présente le volume de la biomasse et le stock de carbone en forêt. Le chapitre 12 s'intéresse à la récréation en forêt et à la chasse.
But:
Résultat de plusieurs années de développement méthodologique et de travaux de terrain, l'ouvrage fournit des informations objectives et fiables sur les ressources forestières nationales, ainsi que sur les aspects liés à la notion de biodiversité en forêt. La forêt ayant gardé dans une très large mesure un état proche de la nature, un soin particulier a été apporté précisément aux paramètres écologiques. La publication démontre aussi que l'objectif prioritaire de l'Inventaire Forestier National a été pleinement atteint, à savoir de constituer un véritable observatoire de la forêt, et ceci non seulement en terme d'instrument de suivi de son évolution, mais également en terme d'outil d'aide à la décision.
Contenu:
Les principaux thèmes abordés dans le livre sont : les surfaces forestières, la structure et l'âge des peuplements, les conditions stationnelles que l'on rencontre, les efforts de régénération de la forêt, les ressources en bois et leur exploitation, la diversité biologique en forêt et le rôle récréatif de la forêt.Numéro de notice : 17148 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Rapport statistique En ligne : http://www.environnement.public.lu/forets/publications/IFL2_fr/IFL2_-PDF_interac [...] Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80652 Assessing the effect of snow/water obstructions on the measurement of tree seedlings in a large-scale temperate forest inventory / C. W. Woodall in Forestry, an international journal of forest research, vol 86 n° 4 (October 2013)
[article]
Titre : Assessing the effect of snow/water obstructions on the measurement of tree seedlings in a large-scale temperate forest inventory Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : C. W. Woodall, Auteur ; James A. Westfall, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : pp 421 - 427 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] Etats-Unis
[Termes IGN] forêt tempérée
[Termes IGN] impact sur les données
[Termes IGN] inventaire forestier étranger (données)
[Termes IGN] neige
[Vedettes matières IGN] Inventaire forestierRésumé : (auteur) National-scale forest inventories have endeavoured to include holistic measurements of forest health inclusive of attributes such as downed dead wood and tree regeneration that occur in the forest understory. Inventories may require year-round measurement of inventory plots with some of these measurements being affected by seasonal obstructions (e.g. snowpacks and seasonal flooding). In order to assess the potential effects that snow/water obstructions may have on the measurement/analysis of forest seedlings across large scales, the differences in seedling abundance between two inventory measurements (∼5-year remeasurement period) and as affected by snow/water depth was ascertained using a repeated forest inventory across the eastern US. Results indicate that there is a general trend of decreasing seedling density over time (−33.16 seedlings ha−1 year−1) in the eastern US, with snow/water depths in excess of 15 cm significantly affecting resulting estimates of seedling abundance. Although snow/water obstruction to seedling measurement occurred on ∼9 per cent of inventory plots across the eastern US, snow was a much more common situation occurring on nearly 50 per cent of plots (at time 1, 2 or both) at high latitudes (>45°). Given the statistically significant effect of snow/water on seedling abundance estimates, tree regeneration assessments should not include observations obstructed by snow/water depths that exceed minimum seedling heights. Furthermore, seedling abundance inventories may mitigate the influence of measurement obstructions by sampling only during the summer or incorporating climate information into their sampling logistics. Numéro de notice : A2013-788 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1093/forestry/cpt013 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpt013 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=78312
in Forestry, an international journal of forest research > vol 86 n° 4 (October 2013) . - pp 421 - 427[article]Effects of national forest inventory plot location error on forest carbon stock estimation using k-nearest neighbor algorithm / Jaehoon Jung in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 81 (July 2013)PermalinkSeeing the wood for the trees: Opentreemap is helping individuals, organisations and governments to collaborate in mapping, tending and preserving 'urban forest' / Deborah Boyer in GEO: Geoconnexion international, vol 12 n° 4 (april 2013)PermalinkParametric, bootstrap, and jackknife variance estimators for the k-Nearest Neighbors technique with illustrations using forest inventory and satellite image data / Ronald E. McRoberts in Remote sensing of environment, vol 115 n° 12 (december 2011)PermalinkAnomalous diameter distribution shifts estimated from FIA inventories through time / Francis A. Roesch in Forestry, an international journal of forest research, vol 83 n° 3 (July 2010)PermalinkLes inventaires forestiers nationaux, observatoires et tableaux de bord permanent des espaces boisés, journée d'étude, 12 mai 2010, Gembloux, Belgique / Jacques Rondeux (2010)PermalinkTree mortality in a mixed deciduous forest in Northwestern Russia over 22 years / Igor Drobyshev in Annals of Forest Science, Vol 66 n° 4 (June 2009)PermalinkPortrait de l'évolution de la forêt publique sous aménagement du Québec méridional des années 1970 aux années 2000 / Ministère des ressources naturelles et de la faune (Canada) (2009)PermalinkPermalinkOrganic carbon stocks and stock changes of forest biomass in Belgium derived from forest inventory data in a spatially explicit approach / Suzanna Lettens in Annals of Forest Science, Vol 65 n° 6 (September 2008)PermalinkEstablishing forest inventory reference definitions for forest and growing stock: a study towards common reporting / Claude Vidal in Silva fennica, vol 42 n° 2 (2008)PermalinkCanada-wide maps of dominant tree species from remotely sensed and ground data / G. Pavlic in Geocarto international, vol 22 n° 3 (September - November 2007)PermalinkMERIS-FR potential for land use-land cover mapping / S. Garcia-Gigorro in International Journal of Remote Sensing IJRS, vol 28 n°5-6 (March 2007)PermalinkLe premier inventaire forestier systématique de la Slovaquie / François Bergeot in Revue forestière française, vol 59 n° 2 (mars - avril 2007)PermalinkEstimation of local forest attributes, utilizing two-phase sampling and auxiliary data / Sakari Tuominen (2007)PermalinkPermalinkModel-based prediction error uncertainty estimation for K-NN method / H.J. Kim in Remote sensing of environment, vol 104 n° 3 (15/10/2006)PermalinkComparison of large-area land cover products with national forest inventories and CORINE land cover in the European Alps / Lars T. Waser in International journal of applied Earth observation and geoinformation, vol 8 n° 3 (September 2006)PermalinkProceedings of the 8th Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium, 2006, October 16-19, Monterey, CA / Ronald E. McRoberts (2006)PermalinkAssesment of manual and automated methods for updating stand-level forest inventories based on aerial photography / Perttu Antilla (2005)PermalinkProceedings of the sixth Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium, 2004 September 21-24, Denver, Colorado / Ronald E. McRoberts (2004)Permalink