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Interpreting effects of multiple, large-scale disturbances using national forest inventory data: A case study of standing dead trees in east Texas, USA / Christopher B. Edgar in Forest ecology and management, vol 437 (1 April 2019)
Titre : Interpreting effects of multiple, large-scale disturbances using national forest inventory data: A case study of standing dead trees in east Texas, USA Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Christopher B. Edgar, Auteur ; James A. Westfall, Auteur ; Paul A. Klockow, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : pp 27-40 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes descripteurs IGN] agrégation temporelle
[Termes descripteurs IGN] analyse diachronique
[Termes descripteurs IGN] arbre mort
[Termes descripteurs IGN] catastrophe naturelle
[Termes descripteurs IGN] diamètre à hauteur de poitrine
[Termes descripteurs IGN] données dendrométriques
[Termes descripteurs IGN] échantillonnage
[Termes descripteurs IGN] gestion forestière
[Termes descripteurs IGN] insecte nuisible
[Termes descripteurs IGN] inventaire forestier étranger (données)
[Termes descripteurs IGN] jeu de données
[Termes descripteurs IGN] maladie phytosanitaire
[Termes descripteurs IGN] Pinus (genre)
[Termes descripteurs IGN] politique forestière
[Termes descripteurs IGN] quercus (genre)
[Termes descripteurs IGN] sécheresse
[Termes descripteurs IGN] tempête
[Termes descripteurs IGN] Texas (Etats-Unis)
[Vedettes matières IGN] Inventaire forestierRésumé : (auteur) Understanding the impacts of large-scale disturbances on forest conditions is necessary to support forest management, planning, and policy decision making. National forest inventories (NFIs) are an important information source that provide consistent data encompassing large areas, covering all ownerships, and extending through time. Here we compare how temporal aggregation approaches with NFI data affects estimates of standing dead trees as these respond to extreme disturbance events. East Texas was selected for this study owing to the occurrence of three significant disturbance events in a short span: Hurricane Rita in 2005, Hurricane Ike in 2008, and a historic drought in 2011. Wide-spread tree damage and mortality were reported after each disturbance and estimates of standing dead trees were used as the inventory variable for assessment. In the NFI of the US, the plot network is systematically divided into panels and one panel is measured each year. A measurement cycle is completed when all panels have been measured, which varies between 5 and 10 years depending on the region. Using the standard estimation approach of the US NFI, we computed population estimates using data from the full set of panels (FSP), multiple sets of panels (MSP), and single set of panels (SSP). For estimation, a single plot observation is computed from the most recent measurement of the plot that does not exceed the estimate year. Because one panel is measured per year, FSP and MSP estimates will necessarily consist of plot observations whose measurements were collected over a number of years. The SSP estimate is computed from one panel and thus all the plot observations are based on measurements collected over one year. We found that interpretations of disturbance event impacts varied depending on which sets of estimates were considered. All sets of estimates suggested a large and significant drought impact. However, differences existed among the estimates in the timing and magnitude of the impacts. The FSP estimates showed clear lag bias and smoothing of trends relative to the SSP estimates. MSP estimates were intermediate between FSP and SSP estimates. Differences in Hurricane Rita impacts were also observed between sets of estimates. Evidence of a net impact on standing dead trees following Hurricane Ike was weak among all sets of estimates. Given the potential for lag bias and smoothing, we recommend that SSP and MSP estimates be considered along with FSP estimates in assessments of large-scale disturbance impacts on forest conditions. Numéro de notice : A2019-483 Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.027 date de publication en ligne : 28/01/2019 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.027 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=93659
in Forest ecology and management > vol 437 (1 April 2019) . - pp 27-40[article]
Titre : Wood quality of black spruce and balsam fir trees defoliated by spruce budworm: A case study in the boreal forest of Quebec, Canada Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Carlos Paixao, Auteur ; Cornelia Krause, Auteur ; Hubert Morin, Auteur ; Alexis Achim, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : pp 201-210 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes descripteurs IGN] Abies balsamea
[Termes descripteurs IGN] biomasse forestière
[Termes descripteurs IGN] bois sur pied
[Termes descripteurs IGN] croissance végétale
[Termes descripteurs IGN] défoliation
[Termes descripteurs IGN] densité du bois
[Termes descripteurs IGN] diamètre des arbres
[Termes descripteurs IGN] données dendrométriques
[Termes descripteurs IGN] forêt boréale
[Termes descripteurs IGN] insecte nuisible
[Termes descripteurs IGN] picea mariana
[Termes descripteurs IGN] qualité du bois
[Termes descripteurs IGN] Québec (Canada)
[Termes descripteurs IGN] télédétection aérienneRésumé : (auteur) Spruce budworm (SBW – Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.) is one of the most damaging defoliating insects in the coniferous forests of eastern North America. In Canada, the widely distributed balsam fir (Abies balsamea L. (Mill)) and black spruce (Picea mariana B.S.P. (Mill)) are its most important hosts. Defoliation by SBW reduces growth in the host trees and can lead to host mortality. Although SBW impacts on growth are well documented, much less is known about changes in wood properties resulting from defoliation. To address this knowledge gap, we sampled 36 SBW-infested stands located in the boreal forest of Quebec (Canada) to determine whether defoliation modifies the wood quality of affected trees. The selected stands had been subjected to one to four years of SBW defoliation. For both species, we assessed ring growth, wood density, and the anatomical characteristics of stem wood formed during the outbreak years. We determined that rings formed during the SBW outbreak had a significant and progressive loss of biomass production with a longer duration of defoliation. SBW significantly reduced latewood density in the second and third year of defoliation for black spruce and the third and fourth year for balsam fir. Average ring density was reduced only in black spruce and only after four years of defoliation. The observed changes in growth and density were associated with changes in anatomical features. While the cellular characteristics of the earlywood remained fairly constant, significant reductions occurred in latewood cell-wall thickness after three years of defoliation. Our study shows that not only do SBW outbreaks reduce annual radial growth, but the cellular characteristics in latewood cells are also modified momentarily. Thus, SBW outbreaks affect wood density and quality in both black spruce and balsam fir. Numéro de notice : A2019-484 Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.032 date de publication en ligne : 01/02/2019 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.032 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=93661
in Forest ecology and management > vol 437 (1 April 2019) . - pp 201-210[article]
Titre : Digital aerial photogrammetry for assessing cumulative spruce budworm defoliation and enhancing forest inventories at a landscape-level Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Tristan R.H. Goodbody, Auteur ; Nicholas C. Coops, Auteur ; Txomin Hermosilla, Auteur ; Piotr Tompalski, Auteur ; Grant MacCartney, Auteur ; David A. MacLean, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : pp 1 - 11 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes descripteurs IGN] défoliation
[Termes descripteurs IGN] dégradation de la flore
[Termes descripteurs IGN] échantillonnage d'image
[Termes descripteurs IGN] insecte nuisible
[Termes descripteurs IGN] inventaire forestier (techniques et méthodes)
[Termes descripteurs IGN] méthode des moindres carrés
[Termes descripteurs IGN] Ontario
[Termes descripteurs IGN] photogrammétrie aérienne
[Termes descripteurs IGN] photogrammétrie numérique
[Termes descripteurs IGN] Picea abies
[Termes descripteurs IGN] régression linéaire
[Termes descripteurs IGN] surface terrière
[Termes descripteurs IGN] surveillance forestière
[Vedettes matières IGN] Inventaire forestierRésumé : (Auteur) Spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana [Clem.], Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a native defoliating insect with an important disturbance role in the eastern boreal forests of North America. With an extensive history of outbreaks and associated impacts on forest structural changes and timber supply, the mapping of spruce budworm defoliation has been of major management importance. In this study we assessed the ability of high spatial resolution digital aerial photogrammetric (DAP) data to predict cumulative defoliation as well as basal area and merchantable volume in spruce budworm host stands in the Gordon Cosens Forest south of Kapuskasing, Ontario, Canada. To do so, DAP derived structural and spectral metrics were incorporated to implement a stratified sampling design to improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of field surveying. Standard forest inventory measurements including diameter and height, as well as ocular and branch level defoliation assessments were undertaken on thirty 400 m2 radius plots. A partial least squares analysis was performed to determine whether structural metrics from a DAP point cloud could be influenced by spruce budworm defoliation, as well as determine the relative effectiveness of spectral (e.g. mean NDVI) vs. structural (e.g. 90th percentile of height) metrics, or their combination, for predicting cumulative defoliation. Results indicated that spectral metrics were the most effective for predicting cumulative defoliation (R2 = 0.79), while structural metrics were the least effective (R2 = 0.49). Metrics characterizing variance of the spectral values were found to be the most important predictors. Structural metrics and linear regression were also used to estimate landscape-level volume and basal area per hectare yielding R2 = 0.80 and R2 = 0.90, respectively. Outcomes of this analysis indicate that DAP-derived spectral metrics were more capable of modeling cumulative defoliation, while structural metrics were effective for landscape-level estimations of standard forest inventory attributes. This analysis indicated that the provision of both spectral and structural metrics from a single aerial imagery survey has potential to enhance defoliation monitoring and forest attribute modeling at a landscape-level. Numéro de notice : A2018-290 Thématique : FORET/IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2018.05.012 date de publication en ligne : 01/08/2018 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2018.05.012 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=90408
in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing > vol 142 (August 2018) . - pp 1 - 11[article]Réservation
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Titre : Quantifying the sources of epistemic uncertainty in model predictions of insect disturbances in an uncertain climate Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : David R. Gray, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes descripteurs IGN] insecte nuisible
[Termes descripteurs IGN] modèle conceptuel de données
[Termes descripteurs IGN] modèle d'incertitude
[Termes descripteurs IGN] prédiction
[Termes descripteurs IGN] variation saisonnière
[Vedettes matières IGN] Ecologie forestièreRésumé : (Auteur) Key message : Natural disturbance can disrupt the anticipated delivery of forest-related ecosystem goods and services. Model predictions of natural disturbances have substantial uncertainties arising from the choices of input data and spatial scale used in the model building process, and the uncertainty of future climate conditions which are a major driver of disturbances. Quantifying the multiple contributions to uncertainty will aid decision making and guide future research needs.
Context : Forest management planning has been able, in the past, to rely on substantial empirical evidence regarding tree growth, succession, frequency and impacts of natural disturbances to estimate the future delivery of goods and services. Uncertainty has not been thought large enough to warrant consideration. Our rapidly changing climate is casting that empirical knowledge in doubt.
Aims : This paper describes how models of future spruce budworm outbreaks are plagued by uncertainty contributed by (among others): selection of data used in the model building process; model error; and uncertainty of the future climate and forest that will drive the future insect outbreak. The contribution of each to the total uncertainty will be quantified.
Methods : Outbreak models are built by the multivariate technique of reduced rank regression using different datasets. Each model and an estimate of its error are then used to predict future outbreaks under different future conditions of climate and forest composition. Variation in predictions is calculated, and the variance is apportioned among the model components that contributed to the epistemic uncertainty in predictions.
Results : Projections of future outbreaks are highly uncertain under the range of input data and future conditions examined. Uncertainty is not uniformly distributed spatially; the average 75% confidence interval for outbreak duration is 10 years. Estimates of forest inventory for model building and choice of climate scenario for projections of future climate had the greatest contributions to predictions of outbreak duration and severity.
Conclusion : Predictions of future spruce budworm outbreaks are highly uncertain. More precise outbreak data with which to build a new outbreak model will have the biggest impact on reducing uncertainty. However, an uncertain future climate will continue to produce uncertainty in outbreak projections. Forest management strategies must, therefore, include alternatives that present a reasonable likelihood of achieving acceptable outcomes over a wide range of future conditions.Numéro de notice : A2017-356 Thématique : FORET Nature : Article En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1007/s13595-017-0645-y Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=85723
in Annals of Forest Science [en ligne] > vol 74 n° 3 (September 2017)[article]
Titre : Cork oak pests: a review of insect damage and management Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Riziero Tiberi, Auteur ; Manuela Branco, Auteur ; Matteo Bracalini, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 219 - 232 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes descripteurs IGN] changement climatique
[Termes descripteurs IGN] insecte nuisible
[Termes descripteurs IGN] politique de conservation (biodiversité)
[Termes descripteurs IGN] quercus suber
[Termes descripteurs IGN] risque naturel
[Termes descripteurs IGN] surveillance écologique
[Termes descripteurs IGN] sylviculture
[Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatiqueRésumé : (auteur) Key message : Cork oak decline is widespread in all its distribution range and seems to be triggered mainly by both mismanagement and unfavorable climatic factors. As a result, cork oak forests become susceptible to pest attack, which accelerates the onset of decline. Pest management strategies for this valuable and highly biodiverse ecosystem are examined in this review, taking into account the main insect pests and how their impact on cork oak forests is affected by climate change. While monitoring pests may provide the tools to predict the transition from endemic to epidemic insect populations, forestry practices (sanitary felling), biological control, and trapping are some of the most promising measures in protecting cork oak forests.
Context : Over the last decades, cork oak (Quercus suber L.) decline has affected millions of trees throughout its distribution range. Cork oak is a typically Mediterranean species remarkably relevant for the biodiversity and landscape conservation of vast evergreen oak forests. Cork oak is also well known and highly valued for cork production. Climatic changes, management practices, and biotic factors, particularly plant pathogens and insect pests, play a decisive role in tree death and market devaluation of cork.
Aims : Here, we review the major insect pests possibly involved in cork oak decline, while discussing pest management strategies.
Methods : A survey of the current literature was performed to identify major insect pests affecting cork oak trees, as well as to establish the most promising pest management strategies under climate change.
Results: Many authors seem to agree that the decline is triggered by both anthropogenic and abiotic factors, such as the mismanagement of cork oak forests and unfavorable climate (high temperatures and droughts). Consequently, trees become susceptible to pests and pathogens, which accelerate the onset of decline.
Conclusion : Since a further increase in temperatures and droughts is expected, developing adequate management strategies to adapt cork oak trees to climate change, while simultaneously preventing and reducing insect pest attacks, is of foremost importance in the effort to conserve these unique and highly diverse ecosystems.Numéro de notice : A2016-348 Thématique : FORET Nature : Article En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13595-015-0534-1 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81058
in Annals of Forest Science [en ligne] > vol 73 n° 2 (June 2016) . - pp 219 - 232[article]PermalinkPermalinkPermalinkPermalinkPermalinkPermalinkPermalink
