Centre dedocumentation
scientifique

Artificial intelligence for a better future / Bernd Carsten Stahl (2021)  

Public Titre : Artificial intelligence for a better future : An Ecosystem Perspective on the Ethics of AI and Emerging Digital Technologies Type de document : Monographie Auteurs : Bernd Carsten Stahl, Auteur Editeur : Manchester [Royaume-Uni] : Manchester University Press Année de publication : 2021 Collection : European Research Council Importance : 128 p. Format : 16 x 24 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-030-69978-9 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Intelligence artificielle [Termes IGN] apprentissage automatique [Termes IGN] bien-être collectif [Termes IGN] droit [Termes IGN] édition en libre accès [Termes IGN] éthique [Termes IGN] règle Résumé : (éditeur) This open access book proposes a novel approach to Artificial Intelligence (AI) ethics. AI offers many advantages: better and faster medical diagnoses, improved business processes and efficiency, and the automation of boring work. But undesirable and ethically problematic consequences are possible too: biases and discrimination, breaches of privacy and security, and societal distortions such as unemployment, economic exploitation and weakened democratic processes. There is even a prospect, ultimately, of super-intelligent machines replacing humans. The key question, then, is: how can we benefit from AI while addressing its ethical problems? This book presents an innovative answer to the question by presenting a different perspective on AI and its ethical consequences. Instead of looking at individual AI techniques, applications or ethical issues, we can understand AI as a system of ecosystems, consisting of numerous interdependent technologies, applications and stakeholders. Developing this idea, the book explores how AI ecosystems can be shaped to foster human flourishing. Drawing on rich empirical insights and detailed conceptual analysis, it suggests practical measures to ensure that AI is used to make the world a better place. Note de contenu : Introduction 1- Perspectives on artificial intelligence 2- Concepts of ethics and their application to AI 3- Ethical issues of AI 4- Addressing ethical issues in AI 5- AI ecosystems for human flourishing: The background 6- AI ecosystems for human flourishing: The recommendations Conclusion Numéro de notice : 28321 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : INFORMATIQUE Nature : Monographie DOI : 10.1007/978-3-030-69978-9 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69978-9 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=98275

Mapping urban grey and green structures for liveable cities using a 3D enhanced OBIA approach and vital statistics / E. Banzhaf in Geocarto international, vol 35 n° 6 ([01/05/2020])  

Public [article]  inGeocarto international > vol 35 n° 6 [01/05/2020] . - pp 623 - 640 Titre : Mapping urban grey and green structures for liveable cities using a 3D enhanced OBIA approach and vital statistics Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : E. Banzhaf, Auteur ; H. Kollai, Auteur ; A. Kindler, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : pp 623 - 640 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Analyse spatiale [Termes IGN] analyse d'image orientée objet [Termes IGN] base de données orientée objet [Termes IGN] base de données urbaines [Termes IGN] bati [Termes IGN] bien-être collectif [Termes IGN] cartographie urbaine [Termes IGN] développement durable [Termes IGN] données lidar [Termes IGN] écosystème urbain [Termes IGN] gestion urbaine [Termes IGN] orthophotographie [Termes IGN] population urbaine [Termes IGN] santé [Termes IGN] télédétection Résumé : (auteur) Mapping urban structures is a vital prerequisite for urban planners to enhance their database for a liveable city dedicated to sustainable development. Therefore, it is significant to measure urban grey and green structures at the scale of local districts to understand the urban structure and residential needs for urban ecosystem services. For a detailed analysis we exploit digital orthophotos (DOP), LiDAR data, and vital statistics. We use remote sensing techniques to create an Object-based Image Analysis (OBIA) that differentiates grey and green structures with high precision and at refined scale. This spatial information is linked with allocated population and health-related indicators to identify built-up types with highest population densities and local districts with deficits in the provision of different green structures. Our results show the share of built-up structures and the contribution of green structures to urban ecosystem services, human health and well-being at local district level. Numéro de notice : A2020-202 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1080/10106049.2018.1524514 Date de publication en ligne : 23/10/2018 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2018.1524514 Format de la ressource électronique : url article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=94877 [article]

Biodiversity and health in the face of climate change / Melissa R. Marselle (2019)  

Public Titre : Biodiversity and health in the face of climate change Type de document : Monographie Auteurs : Melissa R. Marselle, Éditeur scientifique ; Jutta Stadler, Éditeur scientifique ; Horst Korn, Éditeur scientifique ; et al., Auteur Editeur : Springer Nature Année de publication : 2019 Importance : 745 p. ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-030-02318-8 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Ecologie [Termes IGN] aménagement paysager [Termes IGN] bien-être collectif [Termes IGN] biodiversité [Termes IGN] changement climatique [Termes IGN] conservation des ressources naturelles [Termes IGN] gestion des ressources [Termes IGN] planification urbaine [Termes IGN] santé [Termes IGN] santé mentale Résumé : (éditeur) his open access book identifies and discusses biodiversity’s contribution to physical, mental and spiritual health and wellbeing. Furthermore, the book identifies the implications of this relationship for nature conservation, public health, landscape architecture and urban planning – and considers the opportunities of nature-based solutions for climate change adaptation. This transdisciplinary book will attract a wide audience interested in biodiversity, ecology, resource management, public health, psychology, urban planning, and landscape architecture. The emphasis is on multiple human health benefits from biodiversity - in particular with respect to the increasing challenge of climate change. This makes the book unique to other books that focus either on biodiversity and physical health or natural environments and mental wellbeing. The book is written as a definitive ‘go-to’ book for those who are new to the field of biodiversity and health. Note de contenu : Part I- Biodiversity and Physical Health Part II- Biodiversity, Mental Health and Spiritual Well-being Part III- Implications of the Biodiversity and Health Relationship Part IV- Planning and Managing Urban Green Spaces for Biodiversity and Health in a Changing Climate Conclusions Numéro de notice : 25983 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : BIODIVERSITE Nature : Monographie DOI : 10.1007/978-3-030-02318-8 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02318-8 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=96716

Landscape urbanism and green infrastructure (2019)  

Public Titre : Landscape urbanism and green infrastructure Type de document : Monographie Editeur : Bâle [Suisse] : Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute MDPI Année de publication : 2019 ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 78-3-03921-370-2 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Urbanisme [Termes IGN] bien-être collectif [Termes IGN] développement durable [Termes IGN] écosystème urbain [Termes IGN] espace vert [Termes IGN] paysage urbain [Termes IGN] planification urbaine [Termes IGN] ville durable Résumé : (éditeur) This volume examines the applicability of landscape urbanism theory in contemporary landscape architecture practice by bringing together ecology and architecture in the built environment. Using participatory planning of green infrastructure and application of nature-based solutions to address urban challenges, landscape urbanism seeks to reintroduce critical connections between natural and urban systems. In light of ongoing developments in landscape architecture, the goal is a paradigm shift towards a landscape that restores and rehabilitates urban ecosystems. Nine contributions examine a wide range of successful cases of designing livable and resilient cities in different geographical contexts, from the United States of America to Australia and Japan, and through several European cities in Italy, Portugal, Estonia, and Greece. While some chapters attempt to conceptualize the interconnections between cities and nature, others clearly have an empirical focus. Efforts such as the use of ornamental helophyte plants in bioretention ponds to reduce and treat stormwater runoff, the recovery of a poorly constructed urban waterway or participatory approaches for optimizing the location of green stormwater infrastructure and examining the environmental justice issue of equative availability and accessibility to public open spaces make these innovations explicit. Thus, this volume contributes to the sustainable cities goal of the United Nations. Note de contenu : 1- The emergence of landscape urbanism: A chronological criticism essay 2- Public green infrastructure contributes to city livability: A systematic quantitative review 3- Environmental justice in accessibility to green infrastructure in two European cities 4- Residents’ perception of informal green space - a case study of Ichikawa city, Japan 5- Prioritizing suitable locations for green stormwater infrastructure based on social factors in Philadelphia 6- Visitor satisfaction with a public green infrastructure and Urban Nature Space in Perth,Western Australia 6- Assessing stormwater nutrient and heavy metal plant uptake in an experimental bioretention pond 7- Urban river recovery inspired by nature-based solutions and biophilic design in Albufeira, Portugal 8- The usage and perception of pedestrian and cycling streets on residents’ well-being in Kalamaria, Greece Numéro de notice : 28519 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : URBANISME Nature : Monographie DOI : sans En ligne : https://doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-03921-370-2 Format de la ressource électronique : url Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=97306

Social welfare to assess the global legibility of a generalized map / Guillaume Touya (2012)  

Public contenu dans Geographic Information Science, GIScience 2012, 7th International Conference, Columbus, OH, USA, September 2012 / Ningchuan Xiao (2012)   Titre : Social welfare to assess the global legibility of a generalized map Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Guillaume Touya , Auteur Editeur : Berlin, Heidelberg, Vienne, New York, ... : Springer Année de publication : 2012 Collection : Lecture notes in Computer Science, ISSN 0302-9743 num. 7478 Conférence : GIScience 2012, 7th International Conference on geographic information science 18/09/2012 21/09/2012 Columbus Ohio - Etats-Unis Proceedings Springer Importance : pp 198 - 211 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Bases de données localisées [Termes IGN] bien-être collectif [Termes IGN] données socio-économiques [Termes IGN] généralisation automatique de données [Termes IGN] lisibilité perceptive [Termes IGN] programmation par contraintes Résumé : (auteur) Cartographic generalization seeks to summarize geographical information from a geo-database to produce a less detailed and readable map. The specifications of a legible map are translated into a set of constraints to guide the generalization process and evaluate it. The global evaluation of the map, or of a part of it, consisting in aggregating all the single constraints satisfactions, is still to tackle for the generalization community. This paper deals with the use of the social welfare theory to handle the aggregation of the single satisfactions on the map level. The social welfare theory deals with the evaluation of the economical global welfare of a society, based on the individual welfare. Different social welfare orderings are adapted to generalization, compared and some are chosen for several generalization use cases. Experiments with topographic maps are carried out to validate the choices. Numéro de notice : C2012-002 Affiliation des auteurs : COGIT (1988-2011) Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Communication nature-HAL : ComAvecCL&ActesPubliésIntl DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-33024-7 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33024-7_15 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=79481