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European-wide forest monitoring substantiate the neccessity for a joint conservation strategy to rescue European ash species (Fraxinus spp.) / Jan-Peter George in Scientific reports, vol 12 (2022)  

Public [article]  inScientific reports > vol 12 (2022) . - n° 4764 Titre : European-wide forest monitoring substantiate the neccessity for a joint conservation strategy to rescue European ash species (Fraxinus spp.) Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Jan-Peter George, Auteur ; Tanja G.M. Sanders, Auteur ; Volkmar Timmermann, Auteur ; Nenad Potočić, Auteur ; Mait Lang, Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : n° 4764 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] défoliation [Termes IGN] Europe (géographie politique) [Termes IGN] Fraxinus angustifolia [Termes IGN] Fraxinus excelsior [Termes IGN] mortalité [Termes IGN] politique de conservation (biodiversité) [Termes IGN] régression [Termes IGN] surveillance forestière [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatique Résumé : (auteur) European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and narrow-leafed ash (F. angustifolia) are keystone forest tree species with a broad ecological amplitude and significant economic importance. Besides global warming both species are currently under significant threat by an invasive fungal pathogen that has been spreading progressively throughout the continent for almost three decades. Ash dieback caused by the ascomycete Hymenoscyphus fraxineus is capable of damaging ash trees of all age classes and often ultimately leads to the death of a tree after years of progressively developing crown defoliation. While studies at national and regional level already suggested rapid decline of ash populations as a result of ash dieback, a comprehensive survey at European level with harmonized crown assessment data across countries could shed more light into the population decline from a pan-European perspective and could also pave the way for a new conservation strategy beyond national boarders. Here we present data from the ICP Forests Level I crown condition monitoring from 27 countries resulting in > 36,000 observations. We found a substantial increase in defoliation and mortality over time indicating that crown defoliation has almost doubled during the last three decades. Hotspots of mortality are currently situated in southern Scandinavia and north-eastern Europe. Overall survival probability after nearly 30 years of infection has already reached a critical value of 0.51, but with large differences among regions (0.20–0.86). Both a Cox proportional hazard model as well as an Aalen additive regression model strongly suggest that survival of ash is significantly lower in locations with excessive water regime and which experienced more extreme precipitation events during the last two decades. Our results underpin the necessity for fast governmental action and joint rescue efforts beyond national borders since overall mean defoliation will likely reach 50% as early as 2030 as suggested by time series forecasting. Numéro de notice : A2022-309 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1038/s41598-022-08825-6 Date de publication en ligne : 19/03/2022 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-08825-6 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=100404 [article]

Five decades of ground flora changes in a temperate forest: The good, the bad and the ambiguous in biodiversity terms / K.J. Kirby in Forest ecology and management, vol 505 (1 February 2022)  

Public [article]  inForest ecology and management > vol 505 (1 February 2022) . - n° 119896 Titre : Five decades of ground flora changes in a temperate forest: The good, the bad and the ambiguous in biodiversity terms Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : K.J. Kirby, Auteur ; D.R. Bazely, Auteur ; E.A. Goldberg, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : n° 119896 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] analyse diachronique [Termes IGN] biomasse forestière [Termes IGN] Brachypodium (genre) [Termes IGN] Cervidae [Termes IGN] composition floristique [Termes IGN] dépérissement [Termes IGN] détection de changement [Termes IGN] eutrophisation [Termes IGN] flore forestière [Termes IGN] forêt tempérée [Termes IGN] Fraxinus excelsior [Termes IGN] gestion forestière [Termes IGN] maladie phytosanitaire [Termes IGN] richesse floristique [Termes IGN] Royaume-Uni [Termes IGN] Tracheophyta [Vedettes matières IGN] Foresterie Résumé : (auteur) We explore how the ground flora of a temperate woodland (Wytham Woods, southern England) changed in terms of species-richness, cover and biomass over five decades; what the drivers of change were; and possible future change as a consequence of the decline in Fraxinus excelsior as a canopy dominant. Vascular plants were recorded from 164 permanent, 10x10 m plots, distributed as a 141 m grid, in 1974, 1991, 1999, 2012, and 2018. Species presence and frequency/abundance in each plot were estimated and used to model biomass changes. Changes in species-richness, vegetation composition and structure were analysed. Stands opened out by thinning or which became denser through tree growth gained or lost species respectively, particularly non-woodland species. Deer pressure favoured the spread of Brachypodium sylvaticum and reduced Rubus fruticosus. No obvious impacts of climate change, eutrophication or of invasive species were detected in the plot records although other signs suggest these are starting to affect the flora. Just 12 out of 235 species contributed 47% of all species occurrences, 82% of the vegetation cover and 87% of the modelled biomass. We conclude that the ground flora is highly variable over decadal timescales, but the patterns of change observed differ according to the measures used (species richness, cover, biomass, etc). Site level drivers in the short-term swamped effects of slower acting regional/global drivers. Legacy effects were seen in the greater richness of specialists in the older woodland. While some impacts can be mitigated by management, others are largely beyond control at the site level. Numéro de notice : A2022-041 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : BIODIVERSITE/FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119896 Date de publication en ligne : 02/12/2021 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119896 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=99389 [article]

Predicting tree species based on the geometry and density of aerial laser scanning point cloud of treetops / Nina Kranjec in Geodetski vestnik, vol 65 n° 2 (June - August 2021)  

Public [article]  inGeodetski vestnik > vol 65 n° 2 (June - August 2021) . - pp 234 - 259 Titre : Predicting tree species based on the geometry and density of aerial laser scanning point cloud of treetops Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Nina Kranjec, Auteur ; Mihaela Triglav Cekada, Auteur ; Milan Kobal, Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : pp 234 - 259 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Slovène (slv) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Lasergrammétrie [Termes IGN] Acer pseudoplatanus [Termes IGN] apprentissage automatique [Termes IGN] arbre de décision [Termes IGN] densité des points [Termes IGN] données lidar [Termes IGN] Fagus sylvatica [Termes IGN] feuillu [Termes IGN] figure géométrique [Termes IGN] Fraxinus excelsior [Termes IGN] houppier [Termes IGN] identification automatique [Termes IGN] inventaire forestier (techniques et méthodes) [Termes IGN] Larix decidua [Termes IGN] modèle de simulation [Termes IGN] modèle numérique de surface de la canopée [Termes IGN] Picea abies [Termes IGN] Pinophyta [Termes IGN] Pinus sylvestris [Termes IGN] semis de points [Termes IGN] Slovénie Résumé : (auteur) Based on the laser point clouds of 240 individual trees that were also identified in the field, we developed decision trees to distinguish deciduous and coniferous trees and individual tree species: Picea abies, Larix decidua, Pinus sylvestris, Fagus sylvatica, Acer pseudoplatanus, Fraxinus excelsior. The volume of the upper part of the tree crown (height of 3 m) and the average intensity of the laser reflections were used as explanatory variables. There were four aerial laser datasets: May 2012, September 2012, March 2013 and July 2015. We found that the combination of the volume and the average intensity of the first three laser datasets was the most reliable for predicting the selected tree species (60% model performance). A slightly poorer model performance was obtained if only the average intensity of the first three datasets was used (54% model performance). The worst model performance was given by the intensities (31 % model performance) or the volumes (21 % model performance) of dataset 4, which represents the national laser scanning of Slovenia (LSS). The best performing was the deciduous and coniferous separation, which achieved 75% and 95% success based on the test data (combination of volume and average intensity of the first three laser datasets). Using only the LSS intensities, deciduous and coniferous trees could be separated with 81% success. Numéro de notice : A2021-559 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET/IMAGERIE Nature : Article DOI : 10.15292/geodetski-vestnik.2021.02.234-259 Date de publication en ligne : 27/05/2021 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.15292/geodetski-vestnik.2021.02.234-259 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=98113 [article]

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Modeling size-density trajectories of even-aged ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) stands in France. A baseline to assess the impact of Chalara ash dieback / Noël Le Goff in Annals of Forest Science [en ligne], vol 78 n° 1 (March 2021)  

Public [article]  inAnnals of Forest Science [en ligne] > vol 78 n° 1 (March 2021) . - n° 3 Titre : Modeling size-density trajectories of even-aged ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) stands in France. A baseline to assess the impact of Chalara ash dieback Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Noël Le Goff, Auteur ; François Ningre, Auteur ; Jean-Marc Ottorini, Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : n° 3 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] densité de la végétation [Termes IGN] dépérissement [Termes IGN] éclaircie (sylviculture) [Termes IGN] foresterie [Termes IGN] France (administrative) [Termes IGN] Fraxinus excelsior [Termes IGN] Fungi [Termes IGN] maladie phytosanitaire [Termes IGN] modèle de croissance végétale [Termes IGN] mortalité [Vedettes matières IGN] Sylviculture Résumé : (auteur) Key message: A piecewise polynomial function already used to represent the size-density trajectories of pure even-aged stands of beech, oak, and Douglas-fir proved its ability to represent the size-density trajectories of a new species, ash. The widespread ash dieback caused departures from the expected size-density trajectories. These abnormalities can be used to detect an extra level of mortality due to infection by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus in pure even-aged ash stands. Context: The size-density trajectories allow quantifying more precisely the density of stands and can help the forest manager to decide of the opportunity of thinnings. This study helped to quantify extra mortality in pure even-aged stands by using the size-density trajectories established for stands evolving at maximum density. Aims: This study was conducted to establish size-density trajectories of pure even-aged ash stands and compare them with those recently established for beech and oak in France, in particular concerning the onset of density-dependent (regular) mortality. The additional effect of ash dieback on mortality was also an issue. Material and methods: We used permanent and semi-permanent unthinned ash plots installed in the north of France and where inventories of trees were performed at more or less regular intervals: measurements included tree status (dead or alive) and diameter or girth at breast height for all trees and total height for a sample of living trees. The size-density trajectories of plots describing the course of the number of living trees in relation with the mean stand girth, in logarithmic scales, were modeled with a piecewise polynomial function fitted with a mixed-effects model. A permanent sample of trees was also selected for ash dieback and extra mortality monitoring. Results: The piecewise polynomial function already used proved its ability to represent the size-density trajectories of even-aged ash stands of various initial densities and fertility levels. As for beech and oak, the trajectories were modeled so that mortality onset occurred at a constant relative density. This level appeared to be much higher for ash (RDI = 0.58), revealing that ash survived with less growing space than beech and oak and appeared to be more efficient. Ash dieback caused an additional mortality in the experimental ash stands studied, and this excess of mortality appeared predictable on the basis of observed departures from the expected size-density trajectories. Conclusion: A single parameter function family could be used to predict the size-density trajectories of even-aged ash stands, on the basis of the results obtained previously on oak and beech. Mortality onset and space requirements of ash could be compared with those of beech and oak and show that ash can survive at higher densities and is a more efficient species. Predicted size-density trajectories proved also useful to detect and quantify the excess of mortality due to H. fraxineus on ash. This approach could be extended to other diseases and species with predictable size-density trajectories. Numéro de notice : A2021-475 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s13595-020-01005-4 Date de publication en ligne : 07/01/2021 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-020-01005-4 Format de la ressource électronique : url article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=97095 [article]

Long-term tree species population dynamics in Swiss forest reserves influenced by forest structure and climate / Amanda S. Mathys in Forest ecology and management, vol 481 (February 2021)  

Public [article]  inForest ecology and management > vol 481 (February 2021) . - n° 118666 Titre : Long-term tree species population dynamics in Swiss forest reserves influenced by forest structure and climate Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Amanda S. Mathys, Auteur ; P. Brang, Auteur ; J. Stillhard, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : n° 118666 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] Abies alba [Termes IGN] Acer pseudoplatanus [Termes IGN] analyse diachronique [Termes IGN] changement climatique [Termes IGN] diamètre à hauteur de poitrine [Termes IGN] dynamique de la végétation [Termes IGN] écosystème forestier [Termes IGN] Fagus sylvatica [Termes IGN] Fraxinus excelsior [Termes IGN] inventaire forestier étranger (données) [Termes IGN] mortalité [Termes IGN] Pinus sylvestris [Termes IGN] Quercus (genre) [Termes IGN] réserve forestière [Termes IGN] structure d'un peuplement forestier [Termes IGN] Suisse [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatique Résumé : (auteur) Changes in tree species composition can have strong effects on ecosystem functioning and the services provided by forests. Empirical observations can provide an improved understanding of the drivers of species population dynamics, yet long-term datasets are scarce in natural forests. This study used inventory data of the Swiss forest reserve network to assess tree population dynamics over the past 60 years. Tree status, species and dbh were repeatedly measured between 1956 and 2018 in 211 permanent plots of 34 forest reserves that covered a wide environmental gradient. Differences in species richness and tree density were compared between the first and last inventory. Furthermore, we used generalized linear mixed effect models to estimate the processes of ingrowth and tree mortality of seven abundant species (Abies alba, Acer pseudoplatanus, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus excelsior, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris and Quercus spp.) separately as a function of stand structural attributes and climate. We found a general decline in the density of the dominant species, with a low recruitment of light-demanding species and an increase in species richness, particularly in the colline vegetation zone. Both species-specific ingrowth and tree mortality were influenced by stand density and climate variables. Tree mortality increased with live tree density and increasing temperature. Ingrowth increased with tree density and decreased with higher temperature. Therefore, forest structural properties and climate have a strong influence on species population dynamics, and both are essential for predicting ingrowth and tree mortality in forest ecosystems. Numéro de notice : A2021-224 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118666 Date de publication en ligne : 28/10/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118666 Format de la ressource électronique : url article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=97199 [article]

The Impact of ash dieback on veteran trees in Southwestern Sweden / Vikki Bengtsson in Baltic forestry, vol 27 n° 1 (2021)  

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Use of non-destructive test methods on Irish hardwood standing trees and small-diameter round timber for prediction of mechanical properties / Daniel F. Llana in Annals of Forest Science [en ligne], vol 77 n° 3 (September 2020)  

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The effects of different combinations of simulated climate change-related stressors on juveniles of seven forest tree species grown as mono-species and mixed cultures / Alfas Pliüra in Baltic forestry, vol 26 n° 1 (2020)  

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Guide de gestion des crises sanitaires en forêt / Louise Brunier (2020)

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Negative correlation between ash dieback susceptibility and reproductive success: good news for European ash forests / Devrim Semizer-Cuming in Annals of Forest Science [en ligne], vol 76 n° 1 (March 2019)  

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How much does climate change threaten European forest tree species distributions? / Marcin K. Dyderski in Global change biology, vol 24 n° 3 (March 2018)  

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Assessing future suitability of tree species under climate change by multiple methods: a case study in southern Germany / Helge Walentowski in Annals of forest research, vol 60 n° 1 (January - June 2017)  

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Estimation of ash mortality induced by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus in France and Belgium / Benoît Marçais in Baltic forestry, vol 23 n° 1 (2017)  

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Ash to ashes? / David Roderick in GEO: Geoconnexion international, vol 15 n° 5 (May 2016)

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Application des techniques de photogrammétrie par drone à la caractérisation des ressources forestières / Jonathan Lisein (2016)  

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