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Efficient implementation techniques for topological predicates on complex spatial objects / R. Praing in Geoinformatica, vol 12 n° 3 (September - November 2008)
[article]
Titre : Efficient implementation techniques for topological predicates on complex spatial objects Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : R. Praing, Auteur ; Monique Schneider, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : pp 313 - 356 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Bases de données localisées
[Termes IGN] arbre de décision
[Termes IGN] données vectorielles
[Termes IGN] implémentation (informatique)
[Termes IGN] matrice
[Termes IGN] méthode robuste
[Termes IGN] objet géographique complexe
[Termes IGN] optimisation (mathématiques)
[Termes IGN] prédicat
[Termes IGN] relation topologiqueRésumé : (Auteur) Topological relationships like overlap, inside, meet, and disjoint uniquely characterize the relative position between objects in space. For a long time, they have been a focus of interdisciplinary research as in artificial intelligence, cognitive science, linguistics, robotics, and spatial reasoning. Especially as predicates, they support the design of suitable query languages for spatial data retrieval and analysis in spatial database systems and geographical information systems. While, to a large extent, conceptual aspects of topological predicates (like their definition and reasoning with them) as well as strategies for avoiding unnecessary or repetitive predicate executions (like predicate migration and spatial index structures) have been emphasized, the development of robust and efficient implementation techniques for them has been largely neglected. Especially the recent design of topological predicates for all combinations of complex spatial data types has resulted in a large increase of their numbers and stressed the importance of their efficient implementation. The goal of this article is to develop correct and efficient implementation techniques of topological predicates for all combinations of complex spatial data types including two-dimensional point, line, and region objects, as they have been specified by different authors and in different commercial and public domain software packages. Our solution consists of two phases. In the exploration phase, for a given scene of two spatial objects, all topological events like intersection and meeting situations are summarized in two precisely defined topological feature vectors (one for each argument object of a topological predicate) whose specifications are characteristic and unique for each combination of spatial data types. These vectors serve as input for the evaluation phase which analyzes the topological events and determines the Boolean result of a topological predicate (predicate verification) or the kind of topological predicate (predicate determination) by a formally defined method called nine-intersection matrix characterization. Besides this general evaluation method, the article presents an optimized method for predicate verification, called matrix thinning, and an optimized method for predicate determination, called minimum cost decision tree. The methods presented in this article are applicable to all known complete collections of mutually exclusive topological predicates that are formally based on the well known nine-intersection model. Copyright Springer Numéro de notice : A2008-283 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE/INFORMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1007/s10707-007-0035-y En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10707-007-0035-y Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=29276
in Geoinformatica > vol 12 n° 3 (September - November 2008) . - pp 313 - 356[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 057-08031 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible Sémantique et modélisation de scènes 3D / I.M. Bilasco in Ingénierie des systèmes d'information, ISI : Revue des sciences et technologies de l'information, RSTI, vol 12 n° 2 (mars - avril 2007)
[article]
Titre : Sémantique et modélisation de scènes 3D Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : I.M. Bilasco, Auteur ; M. Villanova, Auteur ; Jérôme Gensel, Auteur ; Hervé Martin, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : pp 121 - 135 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Français (fre) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Information géographique
[Termes IGN] diffusion par internet
[Termes IGN] données localisées 3D
[Termes IGN] entrepôt de données localisées
[Termes IGN] modélisation 3D
[Termes IGN] précision sémantique
[Termes IGN] réseau sémantiqueRésumé : (Auteur) Aujourd'hui, on ne dispose pas encore de moyens suffisants pour maîtriser une très probable explosion de la quantité de contenus 3D disponibles sur le web. La plupart des modèles 3D existants sont dénués de toute information non fonctionnelle, telle que des annotations sémantiques qui pourraient aiguiller les processus de recherche et de réutilisation d'objets 3D. Dans cet article, nous présentons l'approche choisie pour caractériser des contenus 3D comme l'union d'un ensemble d'annotations sémantiques et d'un ensemble de propriétés propres aux données 3D (couleur, géométrie) réunis dans un modèle appelé 3DSEAM. Nous abordons également la génération de scènes 3D dont la description géométrique X3D est enrichie de données sémantiques introduites au moyen de métadonnées. Les choix faits dans notre approche ont pour but de faciliter la réutilisation et l'adaptation d'un objet 3D dans divers contextes et différentes applications. Copyright Lavoisier Numéro de notice : A2007-388 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : sans Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=28751
in Ingénierie des systèmes d'information, ISI : Revue des sciences et technologies de l'information, RSTI > vol 12 n° 2 (mars - avril 2007) . - pp 121 - 135[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 093-07021 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible Application d’aide à la conception de légendes / Catherine Dominguès (2006)
Titre : Application d’aide à la conception de légendes Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Catherine Dominguès , Auteur ; Bénédicte Bucher , Auteur Editeur : Strasbourg : Université de Strasbourg Année de publication : 2006 Conférence : SAGEO 2006, Spatial Analysis and GEOmatics, Colloque International de Géomatique et d'Analyse Spatiale 11/09/2006 13/09/2006 Strasbourg France Importance : 16 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Français (fre) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Cartographie
[Termes IGN] aide à la décision
[Termes IGN] légende cartographique
[Termes IGN] représentation des connaissances
[Termes IGN] sémiologie graphiqueRésumé : (auteur) L’accès à des outils de cartographie (services web et logiciels) se généralise pour des utilisateurs non experts en cartographie. Le risque existe alors de réaliser des cartes ou bien mal conçues ou bien stéréotypées, et donc dans les deux cas inefficaces. Dans ce contexte, nous proposons une application aidant un utilisateur néophyte à construire pour sa carte une légende adaptée à ses données et à ses goûts, et en conformité avec les règles de sémiologie graphique adoptées en cartographie. Cette application utilise des échantillons de cartes pour amener l’utilisateur à exprimer ses goûts et ses souhaits et à construire sa légende. Une difficulté importante réside dans la construction de la base d’échantillons : elle doit être cartographiquement correcte, proposer des échantillons variés et être associée à une stratégie de proposition des échantillons qui prenne en compte les commentaires de l’utilisateur. Numéro de notice : C2006-014 Affiliation des auteurs : COGIT (1988-2011) Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Communication DOI : sans Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=86350 SdC 2006, Semaine de la connaissance, 26 - 30 juin 2006, Nantes, France, Volume 1. IC 2006, 17es Journées francophones d'ingénierie des connaissances / Mounira Harzallah (2006)
Titre de série : SdC 2006, Semaine de la connaissance, 26 - 30 juin 2006, Nantes, France, Volume 1 Titre : IC 2006, 17es Journées francophones d'ingénierie des connaissances : Ingénierie des connaissances, Textes et connaissances Type de document : Actes de congrès Auteurs : Mounira Harzallah, Éditeur scientifique ; Nathalie Aussenac-Gilles, Éditeur scientifique ; Jean Charlet, Éditeur scientifique Editeur : Nantes : Université de Nantes Année de publication : 2006 Conférence : SdC 2006, Semaine de la connaissance 26/06/2006 30/06/2006 Nantes France , IC 2006, 17es Journées francophones d'ingénierie des connaissances 26/06/2006 30/06/2006 Nantes France OA Proceedings Importance : 215 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Langues : Français (fre) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Intelligence artificielle
[Termes IGN] corpus
[Termes IGN] ingénierie des connaissances
[Termes IGN] langage de modélisation
[Termes IGN] ontologie
[Termes IGN] raisonnement
[Termes IGN] représentation des connaissances
[Termes IGN] résolution de problème
[Termes IGN] système de gestion de connaissances
[Termes IGN] web sémantiqueIndex. décimale : CG2006 Actes de congrès en 2006 Note de contenu : ** Ingénierie des connaissances
- Modèles de connaissances
- Langages de modélisation
- Raisonnement à partir de cas
- Annotations
- Analyse de corpus
- Conception d'outils support à l'enseignement
- Résolution de problèmes
- Le web sémantique peut-il être social ?
- Cartographie et visualisation des connaissances
** Textes et connaissancesNuméro de notice : 24699A Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : INFORMATIQUE Nature : Actes Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=92545 Voir aussi
- SdC 2006, Semaine de la connaissance, 26 - 30 juin 2006, Nantes, France, Volume 2. Coopération, Innovation, Technologie ; Connaissances et compétences en entreprise industrielle ; activité collective et connaissance dans les organisations / Mounira Harzallah (2006)
- SdC 2006, Semaine de la connaissance, 26 - 30 juin 2006, Nantes, France, Volume 3. Conférenciers invités, Journées Ontologie et textes juridiques, Indexation des connaissances en sciences humaines / Mounira Harzallah (2006)
- SdC 2006, Semaine de la connaissance, 26 - 30 juin 2006, Nantes, France, Volume 4. Applications industrielles des technologies de la connaisance ; Pratiques et méthodes de classification du savoir à l'heure d'internet ; Récit et gestion des connaissances ; Représentation et raisonnement sur le temps et l'espace / Mounira Harzallah (2006)
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 24699-01A CG2006 Livre Centre de documentation Congrès Disponible Semantic interoperability of distributed geo-services / Robert Lemmens (2006)
Titre : Semantic interoperability of distributed geo-services Type de document : Monographie Auteurs : Robert Lemmens, Auteur Editeur : Delft : Netherlands Geodetic Commission NGC Année de publication : 2006 Collection : Netherlands Geodetic Commission Publications on Geodesy, ISSN 0165-1706 num. 63 Importance : 291 p. Format : 17 x 24 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-90-6132-298-6 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Infrastructure de données
[Termes IGN] architecture client-serveur
[Termes IGN] base de connaissances
[Termes IGN] diffusion de données
[Termes IGN] hétérogénéité sémantique
[Termes IGN] infrastructure mondiale des données localisées
[Termes IGN] intégration de données
[Termes IGN] interopérabilité sémantique
[Termes IGN] logiciel libre
[Termes IGN] modèle sémantique de données
[Termes IGN] ontologie
[Termes IGN] OWL
[Termes IGN] prototype
[Termes IGN] réseau sémantique
[Termes IGN] service de géoinformation
[Termes IGN] service fondé sur la position
[Termes IGN] service web géographique
[Termes IGN] système d'information géographiqueRésumé : (Auteur) The last two decades have shown a major shift from stand-alone software systems to networked ones. As with all information system domains, Geographic Information Systems (GISs) have been influenced to a large extent by recent internet developments, resulting in an increasing availability of client/server applications using distributed geo-(web-)services, such as interactive maps, route planners and gazetteers. There is an increasing need for organisations to perform on demand geo-processing tasks by integrating and reusing geo-information and geo-services from within and outside the organisation. These activities are typically performed in the context of so called Geo-Information Infrastructures (GIls).
The process of integrating services is commonly referred to as service chaining. This requires that services can be easily found, and that they are executable and interoperable. Interoperability means that the services 'understand' each other's messages. A major impediment is formed by the semantic heterogeneity (the differences in meaning) of geo-information and of the functionality of geo-services. Making services semantically interoperable is an important prerequisite for information sharing in today's networked society. This involves services that rely on different knowledge domains, one of which is the geo-information domain.
Within this context, the research presented in this thesis provides solutions for the computer-aided integration of distributed heterogeneous geo-information and geo-services, based on their semantics (the meaning of their content).
Geo-information distinguishes from other information by its spatial relevance. Geo-services often have to deal integrally with multiple-representations of features in a spatial, temporal and thematic dimension. Geo-services are also implicitly connected by the geographic location of the features they process. This has implications for the interoperability of geo-services. For example, the validity of a service (e.g., a routeplanner) may be bound to a specific geographic area, which could imply it cannot be used in combination with services involving another validity area. On the contrary, services that seem to be incompatible due to differences in feature representation (e.g., geometry, coordinate reference system), may turn out to be useful in combination, because they contain information on the same locations.
On demand geo-processing requires services and the meta-information that describes the services to be available at the time a task is being executed. Moreover, the service descriptions should be based on commonly agreed rules for service characterisation. Inter-service contracts that contain such rules may result in service interoperability and this can be achieved at three levels: syntax, structure and semantics. The influential specifications of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) and the ISO 19100 series of standards, implement formal contracts on the syntactical and structural level, but they prescribe only informal contracting at the semantic level. Despite their rigid conceptualisation, they lack a machine-accessible formalisation that supports the specification of semantics for geo-information and geo-services. This research has developed such a formalisation, which is specified in a so called semantic interoperability framework. In this framework a key role is played by machine ontologies, which are machine-accessible representations of knowledge that are used for inferring intra- and inter-resource relationships. Recent research efforts in the field of the Semantic Web have contributed considerably to the deployment of ontology-based applications by providing a theoretical foundation (Description Logics), ontology languages (e.g., the Web Ontology Language (OWL)), and tools for ontology creation, access and reasoning with web-based (machine) ontologies. The power of web-based ontologies lies in their interoperable (XML based) representation, the use of unique namespaces and the fact that they allow for automated reasoning.
The semantic interoperability framework developed in this research, contains (1) geo-information modelling ontologies which are based on the ISO General Feature Model, (2) domain specific ontologies (amongst others, one which is based on a data model used by the Dutch Topographic Service), and (3) a geo-operation modelling ontology. The latter is based on a geo-operation taxonomy, an input/output parameter characterisation and a workflow model. The taxonomy and parameter characterisation have been developed as part of this research, the workflow model is based on OWL-S, an OWL-based upper ontology for web services.
Ontology-based service descriptions have been created in the context of four use cases in the following areas: (1) information model integration for risk mapping, (2) ad hoc data integration in a disaster emergency situation, (3) reuse of geo-data and geo-services in scientific research, and (4) ad hoc integration of travel services. The ontology-based descriptions are used as representations of service requests and advertisements in a matchmaking process. The matchmaking is performed by an ontology reasoner which can infer implicit relationships that exist in a knowledge base containing service descriptions as sets of concepts. The reasoner is implemented together with the ontologies in a prototype environment. Except for the reasoner, this has been carried out with open source software. Within this environment, basic matchmaking has been successfully performed to support data set integration and service chaining. This has been demonstrated by tests implementing the aforementioned use cases.
The offered solution is flexible and extensible. With respect to flexibility, the research demonstrates the use of incomplete service descriptions. With respect to extensibility, the research shows how service descriptions can be extended with new concepts. It is also demonstrated how existing application domains can be linked through ontology mappings. In the process of service chaining, four steps have been identified, i.e., discovery, abstract composition, concrete composition and execution. The link between the abstract and concrete composition of services is realised by annotation, which connects ontology elements with parameters of executable code. For one of the use cases, this code has been deployed in a prototype software application (the latter being part of an external research effort).
There are also limitations to the approach followed, which are partly due to the limitations of OWL and reasoning with it, i.e., with respect to spatial reasoning and the use of metaclasses. In addition, the current prototype environment has several shortcomings: (1) constraints of the user-interfaces (entering service descriptions in Description Logics is still rather complex), (2) the inflexibility of the reasoning implementation and (3) the incompleteness of mappings between domain ontologies, all of which are thought to be surmountable.
A number of recommendations are made for the improvement of the current design and implementation of the interoperability framework, such as the incorporation of: meta-information propagation, concept similarity quantifiers and result ranking in the matchmaking process. The deployment of the approach requires key organisations such as OGC to develop and maintain domain independent parts of a semantic interoperability framework and organisations with a GIl mandate to manage its domain dependent parts.
Application fields that are thought to benefit from the presented approach in the short term are, amongst others: service discovery and chaining in GII, harmonisation of geo-information models, multiple-representation of geo-information, profile matching of geo-service users, documentation of geo-processing history (lineage), and quality assessment of meta-information. The target groups of this research are firstly geo-information engineers who are confronted with information integration issues and service interoperability issues, and secondly, information engineers in general confronted with distributed information and with end users that need to access distributed services as one virtual application.Note de contenu : Abstract
Samenvatting
Acknowledgements
1 Why interoperability is important
1.1 Research context and motivation
1.2 Research objectives
1.3 Research approach
1.4 Related work
1.5 Thesis outline
2 Interoperable distributed services
2.1 Distributed processing paradigms
2.2 Interoperability and heterogeneity
2.3 Overcoming heterogeneity by contract
2.4 Interoperability models
2.5 Geo-services
2.6 Geo-service use cases
2.7 Summary and reflection
3 Service models for discovery, composition and execution
3.1 Information modelling
3.2 Process modelling
3.3 Service chaining
3.4 Summary and reflection
4 Semantic modelling
4.1 What is an ontology?
4.2 Foundations for machine ontology
4.3 Ontology design and creation
4.4 Ontology representations and notation
4.5 Reasoning with a knowledge base
4.6 Semantic interoperability frameworks
4.7 Semantic web services
4.8 Geo-semantic modelling and spatial relevance
4.9 Summary and reflection
5 Semantic interoperability framework for geo-services
5.1 Semantic framework overview
5.2 Feature symbol ontology
5.3 Feature concept ontologies
5.4 Geo-operation characterisations ? OPERA
5.5 OPERA-R ? Feature processing operations
5.6 Geo-service descriptions
5.7 Summary and reflection
6 Geo-information matching and service chaining
6.1 Example: Riskmap chain
6.2 Semantic modelling of geo-service chains
6.3 Derived operations and ontology mappings
6.4 Matchmaking
6.5 Summary and reflection
7 Use case implementations
7.1 Riskmap NL
7.2 Emergency 112
7.3 Research Net
7.4 Travel Google
7.5 Summary and reflection
8 Implementation of prototypes: OnToGeo and GeoMatchMaker
8.1 Practical design and implementation issues of OnToGeo
8.2 Workbench tools
8.3 GeoMatchMaker, an integrated prototype
8.4 Creating service descriptions
8.5 Summary and reflection
9 Conclusions and recommendations
9.1 Summary and reflection
9.2 Conclusions
9.3 Main contributions
9.4 Deployment
9.5 Recommendations for further work
A UML notation
B ISO 19100 overview
C OPERA-R geo-operation types
C.I Human interaction operations
C.2 Feature modelling
C.3 Feature access
C.4 Feature processing
C.5 Feature presentation manipulation
C.6 Service creation and management
C.7 Service execution
C.8 Metalnfo creation and storage management
C.9 Metalnfo processing
C.10 Metalnfo presentation manipulation
D OPERA-R
I/O parameters for feature processing operations
E ADL Gazetteer OWL service description
F ADL Gazetteer WSDL service description
G ISO 19119 mappingNuméro de notice : 15204 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Monographie Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=55094 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 15204-01 37.00 Livre Centre de documentation Géomatique Disponible 15204-02 37.00 Livre Centre de documentation Géomatique Disponible Design of spatio-temporal information systems for natural risk management with an object-based knowledge representation approach / Bogdan Moisuc in Geomatica, vol 59 n° 4 (October 2005)Permalink7es Rencontres des Jeunes Chercheurs en Intelligence Artificielle [Plate-forme AFIA 2005] / Emmanuel Guéré (2005)PermalinkJournée sur la représentation des données et des connaissances, RDC'05, 21 mars 2005, Paris / Georges Hébrail (2005)PermalinkDevelopment of a temporal extension to query travel behavior time paths using an object-oriented GIS / A. Frihida in Geoinformatica, vol 8 n° 3 (septembre - novembre 2004)PermalinkIntegrating knowledge representation and reasoning in geographical information systems / P. Mancarella in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 18 n° 4 (june 2004)PermalinkLe projet Towntology : un retour d'expérience pour la construction d'une ontologie urbaine / Catherine Roussey in Revue internationale de géomatique, vol 14 n° 2 (juin - aout 2004)PermalinkAgile 2004, 7th Agile Conference on Geographic Information Science, Heraklion (Greece), 29 April - 1 May 2004 / Fred Toppen (2004)PermalinkMéthodes avancées pour les systèmes de recherche d'informations / Madjid Ihadjadene (2004)PermalinkRencontres francophones sur la logique floue et ses applications / Anonyme (2003)PermalinkECAI 2002, 15th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, July 21-26, Lyon, France / Frank Van Harmelen (2002)PermalinkWissensbasierte Interpretation von Vegetationsflächen aus multitemporalen Fernerkundungsdaten / Kian Pakzad (2001)PermalinkIdentity-based change: a foundation for spatio-temporal knowledge representation / Kathleen Stewart Hornsby in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 14 n° 3 (april 2000)PermalinkLearning Abstraction and Representation Knowledge: an Application to Cartographic Generalisation / Jean Daniel Zucker (2000)PermalinkConceptual, spatial and temporal referencing of multimedia objects / Christopher B. Jones (12/08/1996)PermalinkTechniques avancées pour l'hypertexte / Jean-Pierre Balpe (1996)PermalinkPermalinkReprésentation des connaissances pour la mise à jour automatique des Systèmes d'Information Géographique par photos aériennes / Carlo Schenone (1994)PermalinkIJCAI-93, proceedings of the 13th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Chambéry, Savoie, France, 28 August - 3 September 1993, 1. Proceedings / Ruzena Bajcsy (1993)PermalinkModélisation des connaissances et raisonnements pour l'analyse des paysages agraires à partir de données satellitaires / Françoise Le Ber (1993)PermalinkMessie, un système d'analyse de scène : application à l'imagerie aérienne / Philippe Garnesson (1991)Permalink