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Resource-based growth models reveal opportunities to mitigate climate change effects on beech regeneration by silvicultural measures / Jan F. Wilkens in Forest ecology and management, vol 532 ([15/03/2023])  

Public [article]  inForest ecology and management > vol 532 [15/03/2023] . - n° 120815 Titre : Resource-based growth models reveal opportunities to mitigate climate change effects on beech regeneration by silvicultural measures Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Jan F. Wilkens, Auteur ; Robert Schlicht, Auteur ; Sven Wagner, Auteur Année de publication : 2023 Article en page(s) : n° 120815 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] Europe (géographie politique) [Termes IGN] Fagus sylvatica [Termes IGN] gestion forestière [Termes IGN] modèle de croissance végétale [Termes IGN] rayonnement solaire [Termes IGN] régénération (sylviculture) [Termes IGN] semis (sylviculture) [Termes IGN] sylviculture [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatique Résumé : (auteur) Successful European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) regeneration is both of great ecological and economical importance in European forest ecosystems and severely threatened by climate change impacts. To increase our knowledge of beech regeneration dynamics under climate change and the potential for controlling it through forest management, we studied interactive effects of solar radiation (PHAR), water and nutrient availability on the height growth of artificially (AR) and naturally regenerated (NR) beech seedlings. The study was conducted in the framework of experimental canopy gaps, under the influence of the 2018/19 drought and heatwaves. We measured PHAR by means of hemispherical photography, approximated water availability based on the inverse of modeled fine root density distributions of overstorey beech (BGRB) and oak (BGRO) and approximated nutrient availability based on soil fertility (SF), derived from forest site mapping. Results indicate that seedling resource availability and resulting growth responses increase with canopy gap size and vary among locations within the gap. Multiplicative non-linear mixed models suggest that AR and NR relative height growth (RI) was best explained by interactive effects of PHAR, BGRB, BGRO and SF, which reflect complementary resource use patterns of beech seedlings. At optimal resource availability, AR reached a potential RI of 174%, which is about 20% higher compared to NR. While the low light growth responses of AR and NR both reflect saturation at 5 to 15% PHAR, depending on individual size and the availability of the remaining resources, NR showed a higher RI than AR at intermediate and high PHAR levels in cases of limited BGR and SF. In contrast to AR, NR growth was affected to a lesser extent by SF and BGRB and not significantly affected by BGRO. These results suggest that overstorey oaks have a lower effect on water availability of beech seedlings than overstorey beeches. Additionally, NR showed higher tolerance to water and nutrient limitation than AR, probably due to better root system development. In conclusion, site-specific potential for mitigating the effects of climate change on beech regeneration through forest management lies in the adaptation of silvicultural systems, i.e., the creation of canopy gaps larger than 200 m2, thus significantly exceeding the average gap size of the natural disturbance regime, and the choice of the regeneration method. Numéro de notice : A2023-164 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2023.120815 Date de publication en ligne : 26/01/2023 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2023.120815 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=102869 [article]

Tree species growth response to climate in mixtures of Quercus robur/Quercus petraea and Pinus sylvestris across Europe - a dynamic, sensitive equilibrium / Sonja Vospernik in Forest ecology and management, vol 530 (February-15 2023)  

Public [article]  inForest ecology and management > vol 530 (February-15 2023) . - n° 120753 Titre : Tree species growth response to climate in mixtures of Quercus robur/Quercus petraea and Pinus sylvestris across Europe - a dynamic, sensitive equilibrium Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Sonja Vospernik, Auteur ; Michael Heym, Auteur ; Hans Pretzsch, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2023 Article en page(s) : n° 120753 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] climat [Termes IGN] croissance des arbres [Termes IGN] diamètre à hauteur de poitrine [Termes IGN] Europe (géographie politique) [Termes IGN] évapotranspiration [Termes IGN] forêt inéquienne [Termes IGN] modèle dynamique [Termes IGN] peuplement mélangé [Termes IGN] Pinus sylvestris [Termes IGN] Quercus pedunculata [Termes IGN] Quercus sessiliflora [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatique Résumé : (auteur) Quercus robur/Quercus petraea and Pinus sylvestris are widely distributed and economically important tree species in Europe co-occurring on mesotrophic, xeric and mesic sites. Increasing dry conditions may reduce their growth, but growth reductions may be modified by mixture, competition and site conditions. The annual diameter growth in monospecific and mixed stands along an ecological gradient with mean annual temperatures ranging from 5.5 °C to 11.5 °C was investigated in this study. On 36 triplets (108 plots), trees were cored and the year-ring series were cross-dated, resulting in year-ring series of 785 and 804 trees for Q. spp. and P. sylvestris, respectively. A generalized additive model with a logarithmic link was fit to the data with random effects for the intercept at the triplet, year and tree level and a random slope for the covariate age for each tree; the Tweedie-distribution was used. The final model explained 87 % of the total variation in diameter increment for both tree species. Significant covariates were age, climate variables (long-term mean, monthly), local competition variables, relative dbh, mixture, stand structure and interactions thereof. Tree growth declined with age and local density and increased with social position. It was positively influenced by mixture and structural diversity (Gini coefficient); mixture effects were significant for P. sylvestris only. The influence of potential evapotranspiration (PET) in spring and autumn on tree growth was positive and non-linear, whereas tree growth sharply decreased with increasing PET in June, which proved to be the most influential month on tree growth along the whole ecological gradient. Interactions of PET with tree social position (relative dbh) were significant in July and September for Q. spp. and in April for P. sylvestris. Interactions of climate with density or mixture were not significant. Climatic effects found agree well with previous results from intra-annual growth studies and indicate that the model captures the causal factors for tree growth well. Furthermore, the interaction between climate and relative dbh might indicate a longer growth duration for trees of higher social classes. Analysis of random effects across time and space showed highly dynamic patterns, with competitive advantages changing annually between species and spatial patterns showing no large-scale trends but pointing to the prevalence of local site factors. In mixed-species stands, the tree species have the same competitivity in the long-term, which is modified by climate each year. Climate warming will shift the competitive advantages, but the direction will be highly site-specific. Numéro de notice : A2023-108 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120753 Date de publication en ligne : 29/12/2022 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120753 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=102443 [article]

Can mixed forests sequester more CO2 than pure forests in future climate scenarios? A case study of Pinus sylvestris combinations in Spain / Diego Rodríguez de Prado in European Journal of Forest Research, vol 142 n° 1 (February 2023)  

Public [article]  inEuropean Journal of Forest Research > vol 142 n° 1 (February 2023) . - pp 91 - 105 Titre : Can mixed forests sequester more CO2 than pure forests in future climate scenarios? A case study of Pinus sylvestris combinations in Spain Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Diego Rodríguez de Prado, Auteur ; Aitor Vazquez Veloso, Auteur ; Yun Fan Quian, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2023 Article en page(s) : pp 91 - 105 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] Espagne [Termes IGN] Fagus sylvatica [Termes IGN] gestion forestière [Termes IGN] inventaire forestier étranger (données) [Termes IGN] peuplement mélangé [Termes IGN] Pinus nigra [Termes IGN] Pinus pinaster [Termes IGN] Pinus sylvestris [Termes IGN] puits de carbone [Termes IGN] Quercus pyrenaica [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatique Résumé : (auteur) Adapting forests to climate change is a critical issue for forest management. It requires an understanding of climate effects on forest systems and the ability to forecast how these effects may change over time. We used Spanish Second National Forest Inventory data and the SIMANFOR platform to simulate the evolution of CO2 stock (CO2 Mg · ha−1) and accumulation rates (CO2 Mg · ha−1 · year−1) for the 2000–2100 period in pure and mixed stands managed under different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) in Spain. We hypothesized that (1) the more optimistic climate scenarios (SSP1 >  > SSP5) would have higher CO2 stock and accumulation rates; (2) mixed stands would have higher CO2 stock and accumulation rates than pure stands; and (3) the behavior of both variables would vary based on forest composition (conifer–conifer vs. conifer–broadleaf). We focused on Pinus sylvestris L., and its main mixtures with Pinus nigra, Pinus pinaster, Fagus sylvatica and Quercus pyrenaica. The SSP scenarios had correlating CO2 stock values in which SSP1 > SSP2 > SSP3 > SSP5, ranging from the most optimistic (SSP1) to the most pessimistic (SSP5). Though pure stands had higher CO2 stock at the beginning, differences with regard to mixed stands were drastically reduced at the end of the simulation period. We also found an increase in the aboveground CO2 proportion compared to belowground in conifer–broadleaf mixtures, while the opposite trend occurred in conifer–conifer mixtures. Overall CO2 accumulation rates decreased significantly from the beginning to the end of the simulation period, but our results indicated that this decline would be less drastic in mixed stands than in pure ones. At the end of the simulation period, CO2 accumulation rates were higher in mixed stands than in pure stands for all mixtures, fractions (aboveground and belowground) and SSPs. Knowing the evolution of mixed forests in different climate scenarios is relevant for developing useful silvicultural guidelines in the Mediterranean region and optimizing forestry adaptation strategies. Better understanding can also inform the design of management measures for transitioning from pure stands to more resource efficient, resistant and resilient mixed stands, in efforts to reduce forest vulnerability in the face of climate change. This work highlights the importance and benefits of mixed stands in terms of CO2 accumulation, stand productivity and species diversity. Numéro de notice : A2023-138 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1007/s10342-022-01507-y Date de publication en ligne : 16/10/2022 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-022-01507-y Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=102691 [article]

Assessment of camera focal length influence on canopy reconstruction quality / Martin Denter in ISPRS Open Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, vol 6 (December 2022)  

Public [article]  inISPRS Open Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing > vol 6 (December 2022) . - n° 100025 Titre : Assessment of camera focal length influence on canopy reconstruction quality Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Martin Denter, Auteur ; Julian Frey, Auteur ; Teja Kattenborn, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : n° 100025 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Photogrammétrie [Termes IGN] Abies alba [Termes IGN] Acer pseudoplatanus [Termes IGN] Allemagne [Termes IGN] canopée [Termes IGN] données lidar [Termes IGN] données localisées 3D [Termes IGN] Fagus sylvatica [Termes IGN] image captée par drone [Termes IGN] Larix decidua [Termes IGN] longueur focale [Termes IGN] modèle numérique de surface de la canopée [Termes IGN] parcelle forestière [Termes IGN] Picea abies [Termes IGN] reconstruction d'image [Termes IGN] semis de points [Termes IGN] structure-from-motion Résumé : (auteur) Unoccupied aerial vehicles (UAV) with RGB-cameras are affordable and versatile devices for the generation of a series of remote sensing products that can be used for forest inventory tasks, such as creating high-resolution orthomosaics and canopy height models. The latter may serve purposes including tree species identification, forest damage assessments, canopy height or timber stock assessments. Besides flight and image acquisition parameters such as image overlap, flight height, and weather conditions, the focal length, which determines the opening angle of the camera lens, is a parameter that influences the reconstruction quality. Despite its importance, the effect of focal length on the quality of 3D reconstructions of forests has received little attention in the literature. Shorter focal lengths result in more accurate distance estimates in the nadir direction since small angular errors lead to large positional errors in narrow opening angles. In this study, 3D reconstructions of four UAV-acquisitions with different focal lengths (21, 35, 50, and 85 mm) on a 1 ha mature mixed forest plot were compared to reference point clouds derived from high quality Terrestrial Laser Scans. Shorter focal lengths (21 and 35 mm) led to a higher agreement with the TLS scans and thus better reconstruction quality, while at 50 mm, quality losses were observed, and at 85 mm, the quality was considerably worse. F1-scores calculated from a voxel representation of the point clouds amounted to 0.254 with 35 mm and 0.201 with 85 mm. The precision with 21 mm focal length was 0.466 and 0.302 with 85 mm. We thus recommend a focal length no longer than 35 mm during UAV Structure from Motion (SfM) data acquisition for forest management practices. Numéro de notice : A2022-870 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET/IMAGERIE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.ophoto.2022.100025 Date de publication en ligne : 09/11/2022 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophoto.2022.100025 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=102164 [article]

Climate and ungulate browsing impair regeneration dynamics in spruce-fir-beech forests in the French Alps / Mithila Unkule in Annals of Forest Science, vol 79 n° 1 (2022)  

Public [article]  inAnnals of Forest Science > vol 79 n° 1 (2022) . - n° 11 Titre : Climate and ungulate browsing impair regeneration dynamics in spruce-fir-beech forests in the French Alps Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Mithila Unkule, Auteur ; Christian Piedallu, Auteur ; Philippe Balandier, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : n° 11 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] Abies alba [Termes IGN] Alpes (France) [Termes IGN] Cervidae [Termes IGN] Fagus sylvatica [Termes IGN] faune locale [Termes IGN] hauteur des arbres [Termes IGN] humidité du sol [Termes IGN] Jura, massif du [Termes IGN] Picea abies [Termes IGN] placette d'échantillonnage [Termes IGN] régénération (sylviculture) [Termes IGN] sécheresse [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatique Résumé : (auteur) Key message: Different components of water balance and temperature reduce density and height growth of saplings of Picea abies (L.) H. Karst (Norway spruce), Abies alba Mill. (silver fir) and Fagus sylvatica L. (European beech) in mixed uneven-aged forests in the French Alps and Jura mountains. Ungulate browsing is an additional pressure on fir and beech that could jeopardise the renewal of these species in the future. Context: The uncertainty in tree recruitment rates raises questions about the factors affecting regeneration processes in forests. Factors such as climate, light, competition and ungulate browsing pressure may play an important role in determining regeneration, forest structures and thus future forest composition. Aims: The objective of this study was to quantify sapling densities and height increments of spruce, fir and beech and to identify dominant environmental variables influencing them in mixed uneven-aged forests in the French Alps and Jura mountains. Methods: Sapling height increment and density were recorded in 152 plots, and non-linear mixed models were obtained to establish relations between them and environmental factors known to affect regeneration, namely altitude, slope, aspect, canopy openness, soil characteristics, temperature, precipitation and ungulate browsing. Results: Regeneration density, varying from 0 to 7 saplings per m 2, decreased with sapling height and was also negatively affected for spruce by PET, but positively for fir by precipitation and for beech by mean annual soil water content. Height increment reached up to 50 cm annually, increasing with sapling height and canopy openness and decreasing under high maximum summer temperatures for spruce and beech. The statistical effect of different environmental variables varied slightly among species but trends were quite similar. Additionally, ungulate browsing was high, with fir being the most intensely browsed, followed closely by beech, while spruce was rarely browsed. Conclusions: All these results suggest that more temperature warming and a decrease in water availability could negatively impact sapling growth and density in the three species, with possible reduction of forest renewal fluxes. The observed increase of ungulate populations leading to increased browsing could be particularly detrimental to fir saplings. Numéro de notice : A2022-509 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1186/s13595-022-01126-y Date de publication en ligne : 23/03/2022 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1186/s13595-022-01126-y Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=101045 [article]

Climate envelope analyses suggests significant rearrangements in the distribution ranges of Central European tree species / Gàbor Illés in Annals of Forest Science, vol 79 n° 1 (2022)  

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Desiccation does not increase frost resistance of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) seeds / Paweł Chmielarz in Annals of Forest Science, vol 79 n° 1 (2022)  

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Effect of climate on cork-ring width and density of Quercus suber L. in Southern Portugal / Augusta Costa in Trees, vol 36 n° 6 (December 2022)  

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Development and long-term dynamics of old-growth beech-fir forests in the Pyrenees: Evidence from dendroecology and dynamic vegetation modelling / Dario Martín-Benito in Forest ecology and management, vol 524 (November-15 2022)  

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Age-independent diameter increment models for mixed mountain forests / Albert Ciceu in European Journal of Forest Research, vol 141 n° 5 (October 2022)  

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Canopy self-replacement in Pinus sylvestris rear-edge populations following drought-induced die-off and mortality / Jordi Margalef- Marrase in Forest ecology and management, vol 521 (October-1 2022)  

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Detecting overmature forests with airborne laser scanning (ALS) / Marc Fuhr in Remote sensing in ecology and conservation, vol 8 n° 5 (October 2022)  

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Regional climate moderately influences species-mixing effect on tree growth-climate relationships and drought resistance for beech and pine across Europe / Géraud de Streel in Forest ecology and management, vol 520 (September-15 2022)  

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Experimental precipitation reduction slows down litter decomposition but exhibits weak to no effect on soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks in three Mediterranean forests of Southern France / Mathieu Santonja in Forests, vol 13 n° 9 (september 2022)  

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Influence of the declaration of protected natural areas on the evolution of forest fires in collective lands in Galicia (Spain) / Gervasio Lopez Rodriguez in Forests, Vol 13 n° 8 (August 2022)  

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