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Use of non-destructive test methods on Irish hardwood standing trees and small-diameter round timber for prediction of mechanical properties / Daniel F. Llana in Annals of Forest Science [en ligne], vol 77 n° 3 (September 2020)  

Public [article]  inAnnals of Forest Science [en ligne] > vol 77 n° 3 (September 2020) Titre : Use of non-destructive test methods on Irish hardwood standing trees and small-diameter round timber for prediction of mechanical properties Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Daniel F. Llana, Auteur ; Ian Short, Auteur ; Annette M. Harte, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes descripteurs IGN] acer pseudoplatanus [Termes descripteurs IGN] acoustique [Termes descripteurs IGN] Betula pendula [Termes descripteurs IGN] betula pubescens [Termes descripteurs IGN] bois sur pied [Termes descripteurs IGN] densité du bois [Termes descripteurs IGN] diamètre des arbres [Termes descripteurs IGN] éclaircie (sylviculture) [Termes descripteurs IGN] élagage (sylviculture) [Termes descripteurs IGN] élasticité [Termes descripteurs IGN] feuillu [Termes descripteurs IGN] fraxinus (genre) [Termes descripteurs IGN] fraxinus excelsior [Termes descripteurs IGN] Irlande [Termes descripteurs IGN] modèle de simulation [Termes descripteurs IGN] résonance [Termes descripteurs IGN] vent [Vedettes matières IGN] Sylviculture Résumé : (auteur) Key message: Mechanical properties of small-diameter round timber from hardwood thinnings of common alder ( Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.), European ash ( Fraxinus excelsior L.), European birch ( Betula pendula Roth. and Betula pubescens Ehrh.), and sycamore ( Acer pseudoplatanus L.) can be evaluated by non-destructive testing on either standing trees or green logs without wood density determination. Velocity differences between acoustic and resonance methods are influenced by tree species and age. Tree diameter improves the estimation of bending strength but not of stiffness. Context: There is a need for a reliable, fast, and inexpensive evaluation method to better sort hardwood thinnings according to mechanical properties for use in potential added-value applications. Aims: The estimation by non-destructive testing of mechanical properties of round small-diameter timber of four hardwood species (common alder, European ash, European birch, and sycamore). Methods: Acoustic velocity was measured in 38 standing trees and resonance velocity was recorded in green logs from these trees. The logs were then dried and tested in bending. Estimation models to predict mechanical properties from non-destructive testing measurements were developed. Results: Large differences between velocities from acoustic and resonance techniques were found. Models based on both non-destructive testing velocities together with a species factor are well correlated with bending modulus of elasticity while models including tree diameter are moderately well correlated with bending strength. Inclusion of density in the models does not improve the estimation. Conclusion: Models based on acoustic measurements on standing trees or resonance on green logs together with tree species and diameter provide reliable estimates of mechanical properties of round timber from hardwood thinnings. This methodology can be easily used for pre-sorting material in the forest. Numéro de notice : A2020-403 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s13595-020-00957-x date de publication en ligne : 17/06/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-020-00957-x Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=95453 [article]

What influences the long-term development of mixtures in British forests? / William L. Mason in Forestry, an international journal of forest research, vol 93 n° 4 (July 2020)  

Public [article]  inForestry, an international journal of forest research > vol 93 n° 4 (July 2020) . - pp 545 - 556 Titre : What influences the long-term development of mixtures in British forests? Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : William L. Mason, Auteur ; T. Connolly, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : pp 545 - 556 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes descripteurs IGN] analyse comparative [Termes descripteurs IGN] Betula pendula [Termes descripteurs IGN] composition d'un peuplement forestier [Termes descripteurs IGN] croissance végétale [Termes descripteurs IGN] foresterie [Termes descripteurs IGN] Grande-Bretagne [Termes descripteurs IGN] intensité lumineuse [Termes descripteurs IGN] Larix kaempferi [Termes descripteurs IGN] ombre [Termes descripteurs IGN] peuplement mélangé [Termes descripteurs IGN] peuplement pur [Termes descripteurs IGN] picea sitchensis [Termes descripteurs IGN] Pinus contorta [Termes descripteurs IGN] Pinus sylvestris [Termes descripteurs IGN] surface terrière [Termes descripteurs IGN] tsuga heterophylla [Vedettes matières IGN] Sylviculture Résumé : (auteur) Six experiments were established between 1955 and 1962 in different parts of northern and western Britain which used replicated randomized block designs to compare the performance of two species 50:50 mixtures with pure stands of the component species. The species involved were variously lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.), Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi Lamb. Carr.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.), Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis Bong. Carr.) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla Raf. Sarg.). The first four species are light demanding, while Sitka spruce is of intermediate shade tolerance and western hemlock is very shade tolerant: only Scots pine and silver birch are native to Great Britain. In three experiments (Bickley, Ceannacroc, Hambleton), the mixtures were of two light-demanding species, while at the other three sites, the mixture tested contained species of different shade tolerance. The experiments were followed for around 50 years, similar to a full rotation of even-aged conifer stands in Britain. Five experiments showed a tendency for one species to dominate in mixture, possibly reflecting differences in the shade tolerance or other functional traits of the component species. In the three experiments, the basal area of the mixtures at the last assessment was significantly higher than predicted based on the performance of the pure stands (i.e. the mixture ‘overyielded’). In two of these cases, the mixture had had a higher basal area than found in the more productive pure stand indicating ‘transgressive overyielding’. Significant basal area differences were generally more evident at the later assessment date. The exception was in a Scots pine: western hemlock mixture where greater overyielding at the earlier date indicated a nursing (‘facilitation’) effect. In the remaining experiments, the performance of the mixture conformed to predictions from the growth of the component species in pure stands. Taken overall, the results suggest that functional traits can be used to interpret the performance of mixtures but prediction of the outcome will require better understanding of the interplay between species and site characteristics plus the influence of silvicultural interventions. Numéro de notice : A2020-580 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1093/forestry/cpaa003 date de publication en ligne : 11/02/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpaa003 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=95899 [article]

The effects of different combinations of simulated climate change-related stressors on juveniles of seven forest tree species grown as mono-species and mixed cultures / Alfas Pliüra in Baltic forestry, vol 26 n° 1 (2020)  

Public [article]  inBaltic forestry > vol 26 n° 1 (2020) . - 14 p. Titre : The effects of different combinations of simulated climate change-related stressors on juveniles of seven forest tree species grown as mono-species and mixed cultures Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Alfas Pliüra, Auteur ; Gintare Bajerkeviciene, Auteur ; Juozas Labokas, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : 14 p. Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes descripteurs IGN] alnus glutinosa [Termes descripteurs IGN] Betula pendula [Termes descripteurs IGN] biomasse [Termes descripteurs IGN] croissance végétale [Termes descripteurs IGN] dioxyde de carbone [Termes descripteurs IGN] écophysiologie [Termes descripteurs IGN] écosystème forestier [Termes descripteurs IGN] fraxinus excelsior [Termes descripteurs IGN] Leaf Area Index [Termes descripteurs IGN] Lituanie [Termes descripteurs IGN] peuplement mélangé [Termes descripteurs IGN] Picea abies [Termes descripteurs IGN] Pinus sylvestris [Termes descripteurs IGN] populus tremula [Termes descripteurs IGN] quercus pedunculata [Termes descripteurs IGN] sécheresse [Termes descripteurs IGN] stress hydrique [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatique Résumé : (auteur) The aim of the study was to assess changes in performance and competition for light of juveniles of seven forest tree species, Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Betula pendula, Alnus glutinosa, Populus tremula, Quercus robur and Fraxinus excelsior, grown in mono-species and mixed cultures with isolated potted roots under the impact of different combinations of climate change-related stressors, simulated in a phytotron under the elevated CO2 concentration during one growing season, as follows: i) heat + elevated humidity (HW); ii) heat + frost + drought (HFD); iii) heat + elevated humidity + increased UV-B radiation doses + elevated ozone concentration (HWUO); and iv) heat + frost + drought + increased UV-B radiation doses + elevated ozone concentration (HFDUO). For the mixed cultures, three typical species’ mixtures were used: i) P. sylvestris, B. pendula and P. abies, ii) P. abies, B. pendula and Q. robur and iii) F. excelsior, A. glutinosa and P. tremula. For the control, the same material was grown outside the phytotron in ambient conditions. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the effects of the complex treatments, species and species by treatment interactions were highly significant in most of the biomass, growth, physiological and biochemical traits studied. Pattern of species culture had highly significant effect on physiological and biochemical traits (except for H2O2 concentration); meanwhile it was of low significance for biomass and growth traits. Pattern of species culture by treatment interaction was highly significant in all traits, suggesting that the effects of the applied complex treatments vary depending on the pattern of species culture. Under the hot wet conditions the highest stem volume index, tree biomass, and growth were observed in deciduous P. tremula, A. glutinosa and B. pendula with more clearly pronounced differences in performance between different patterns of species cultures than in ambient conditions showing that the enhanced growth conditions facilitate revealing the potential and specific requirements of the fast-growers. P. abies in all treatments had lower stem volume index and tree biomass than in ambient conditions with no significant differences between the patterns of species culture, indicating that it suffered irrespectively of light availability in different cultures. The differences between performances of most tree species in mono- and mixed cultures in HFD treatment were rather small and nonsignificant. A complex HWUO treatment caused further reduction in tree biomass in all species and culture patterns except for mono-species cultures of A. glutinosa and B. pendula. The most complex HFDUO treatment had the strongest negative effect on biomass of almost all tree species compared to that observed in HW treatment, except for Q. robur and P. sylvestris which biomass and height increments remained higher than those in ambient conditions. This was due to relatively high drought tolerance and compensatory effects of the increased CO2 concentration and temperature. Physiological and biochemical responses of species in different patterns of species cultures across treatments were very variable although often did not reflect in the effects on growth and biomass traits. The observed changes in performance of different tree species in different patterns of species cultures under various complex treatments allowed inferring that climate change may condition certain changes in competitiveness of some tree species resulting in atypical ecological successions of species and forest ecosystems Numéro de notice : A2020-595 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.46490/BF326 date de publication en ligne : 23/03/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.46490/BF326 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=95888 [article]

Bayesian calibration of a carbon balance model PREBAS using data from permanent growth experiments and national forest inventory / Francesco Minunno in Forest ecology and management, vol 440 (15 May 2019)  

Public [article]  inForest ecology and management > vol 440 (15 May 2019) . - pp 208-257 Titre : Bayesian calibration of a carbon balance model PREBAS using data from permanent growth experiments and national forest inventory Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Francesco Minunno, Auteur ; Mikko Peltoniemi, Auteur ; Sanna Härkönen, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : pp 208-257 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes descripteurs IGN] assimilation des données [Termes descripteurs IGN] Betula pendula [Termes descripteurs IGN] bois sur pied [Termes descripteurs IGN] carbone [Termes descripteurs IGN] changement climatique [Termes descripteurs IGN] diamètre à hauteur de poitrine [Termes descripteurs IGN] estimation bayesienne [Termes descripteurs IGN] étalonnage de modèle [Termes descripteurs IGN] Finlande [Termes descripteurs IGN] gestion forestière [Termes descripteurs IGN] hauteur à la base du houppier [Termes descripteurs IGN] hauteur des arbres [Termes descripteurs IGN] inventaire forestier étranger (données) [Termes descripteurs IGN] modèle de croissance [Termes descripteurs IGN] modèle de simulation [Termes descripteurs IGN] modélisation de la forêt [Termes descripteurs IGN] Pinus sylvestris Résumé : (auteur) Policy-relevant forest models must be environment and management sensitive and provide unbiased estimates of predicted variables over their intended areas of application. While empirical models derive their structure and parameters from representative data sets, process-based model (PBM) parameters should be evaluated in ranges that have a biological meaning independently of output data. At the same time PBMs should be calibrated against observations in order to obtain unbiased estimates and an understanding of their predictive capability. By means of model data assimilation, we Bayesian calibrated a forest model (PREBAS) using an extensive dataset that covered a wide range of climatic conditions, species composition and management practices. PREBAS was calibrated for three species in Finland: Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] H. Karst.) and Silver birch (Betula pendula L.). Data assimilation was strongly effective in reducing the uncertainty of PREBAS parameters and predictions. A country-generic calibration showed robust performances in predicting forest variables and the results were consistent with yield tables and national forest statistics. The posterior predictive uncertainty of the model was mainly influenced by the uncertainty of the structural and measurement error. Numéro de notice : A2019-486 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET/MATHEMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.02.041 date de publication en ligne : 20/03/2019 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.02.041 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=93666 [article]

Is field-measured tree height as reliable as believed – A comparison study of tree height estimates from field measurement, airborne laser scanning and terrestrial laser scanning in a boreal forest / Yunsheng Wang in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 147 (January 2019)  

Public [article]  inISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing > vol 147 (January 2019) . - pp 132 - 145 Titre : Is field-measured tree height as reliable as believed – A comparison study of tree height estimates from field measurement, airborne laser scanning and terrestrial laser scanning in a boreal forest Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Yunsheng Wang, Auteur ; Matti Lehtomäki, Auteur ; Xinlian Liang, Auteur ; Jiri Pyorala, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : pp 132 - 145 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Lasergrammétrie [Termes descripteurs IGN] Betula pendula [Termes descripteurs IGN] betula pubescens [Termes descripteurs IGN] diamètre à hauteur de poitrine [Termes descripteurs IGN] données de terrain [Termes descripteurs IGN] données lidar [Termes descripteurs IGN] données localisées 3D [Termes descripteurs IGN] Finlande [Termes descripteurs IGN] forêt boréale [Termes descripteurs IGN] hauteur à la base du houppier [Termes descripteurs IGN] hauteur des arbres [Termes descripteurs IGN] inventaire forestier (techniques et méthodes) [Termes descripteurs IGN] modèle numérique de terrain [Termes descripteurs IGN] Picea abies [Termes descripteurs IGN] Pinus sylvestris [Termes descripteurs IGN] télémétrie laser aéroporté [Termes descripteurs IGN] télémétrie laser terrestre Résumé : (auteur) Quantitative comparisons of tree height observations from different sources are scarce due to the difficulties in effective sampling. In this study, the reliability and robustness of tree height observations obtained via a conventional field inventory, airborne laser scanning (ALS) and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) were investigated. A carefully designed non-destructive experiment was conducted that included 1174 individual trees in 18 sample plots (32 m × 32 m) in a Scandinavian boreal forest. The point density of the ALS data was approximately 450 points/m2. The TLS data were acquired with multi-scans from the center and the four quadrant directions of the sample plots. Both the ALS and TLS data represented the cutting edge point cloud products. Tree heights were manually measured from the ALS and TLS point clouds with the aid of existing tree maps. Therefore, the evaluation results revealed the capacities of the applied laser scanning (LS) data while excluding the influence of data processing approach such as the individual tree detection. The reliability and robustness of different tree height sources were evaluated through a cross-comparison of the ALS-, TLS-, and field- based tree heights. Compared to ALS and TLS, field measurements were more sensitive to stand complexity, crown classes, and species. Overall, field measurements tend to overestimate height of tall trees, especially tall trees in codominant crown class. In dense stands, high uncertainties also exist in the field measured heights for small trees in intermediate and suppressed crown class. The ALS-based tree height estimates were robust across all stand conditions. The taller the tree, the more reliable was the ALS-based tree height. The highest uncertainty in ALS-based tree heights came from trees in intermediate crown class, due to the difficulty of identifying treetops. When using TLS, reliable tree heights can be expected for trees lower than 15–20 m in height, depending on the complexity of forest stands. The advantage of LS systems was the robustness of the geometric accuracy of the data. The greatest challenges of the LS techniques in measuring individual tree heights lie in the occlusion effects, which lead to omissions of trees in intermediate and suppressed crown classes in ALS data and incomplete crowns of tall trees in TLS data. Numéro de notice : A2019-036 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET/IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2018.11.008 date de publication en ligne : 22/11/2018 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2018.11.008 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=91973 [article]

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Predicting tree diameter distributions from airborne laser scanning, SPOT 5 satellite, and field sample data in the perm region, Russia / Jussi Peuhkurinen in Forests, vol 9 n° 10 (October 2018)  

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Visible + Near Infrared spectroscopy as taxonomic tool for identifying birch species / Mulualem Tigabu in Silva fennica, vol 52 n° 4 (September 2018)  

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High-pruning of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth): work efficiency as a function of pruning method, pole saw type, slash removal, operator, pruning height and branch characteristics / Jens Peter Skovsgaard in International Journal of Forest Engineering, vol 29 n° 2 ([15/05/2018])    

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Estimating over- and understorey canopy density of temperate mixed stands by airborne LiDAR data / Hooman Latifi in Forestry, an international journal of forest research, vol 89 n° 1 (January 2016)  

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Mesteacanul cret (Betula pendula var. carelica), cel mai valoros component al padurilor finlandeze / Valeriu-Norocel Nicolescu in Revista Padurilor, vol 122 n° 6 (6/2007)

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