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Vulnerability of forest ecosystems to fire in the French Alps / Sylvain Dupire in European Journal of Forest Research, Vol 138 n° 5 (octobre 2019)  

Public [article]  inEuropean Journal of Forest Research > Vol 138 n° 5 (octobre 2019) . - pp 813 – 830 Titre : Vulnerability of forest ecosystems to fire in the French Alps Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Sylvain Dupire, Auteur ; Thomas Curt, Auteur ; Sylvain Bigot, Auteur ; Thibaut Fréjaville, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : pp 813 – 830 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes descripteurs IGN] canopée [Termes descripteurs IGN] castanea sativa [Termes descripteurs IGN] changement climatique [Termes descripteurs IGN] diamètre à hauteur de poitrine [Termes descripteurs IGN] écosystème forestier [Termes descripteurs IGN] Fagus (genre) [Termes descripteurs IGN] forêt alpestre [Termes descripteurs IGN] France (administrative) [Termes descripteurs IGN] houppier [Termes descripteurs IGN] incendie de forêt [Termes descripteurs IGN] inventaire forestier national (données France) [Termes descripteurs IGN] larix decidua [Termes descripteurs IGN] logiciel de simulation [Termes descripteurs IGN] mortalité [Termes descripteurs IGN] Pinus sylvestris [Termes descripteurs IGN] sécheresse [Termes descripteurs IGN] variation saisonnière [Termes descripteurs IGN] vulnérabilité [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatique Résumé : (auteur) Forest fires are expected to be more frequent and more intense with climate change, including in temperate and mountain forest ecosystems. In the Alps, forest vulnerability to fire resulting from interactions between climate, fuel types, vegetation structure and tree resistance to fire is little understood. This paper aims at identifying trends in the vulnerability of Alpine forest ecosystems to fire at different scales (tree species, stand level and biogeographic level) and according to three different climatic conditions (cold season, average summer and extremely dry summer). To explore Alpine forest vulnerability to fire, we used surface fuel measurements, forest inventory and fire weather data to simulate fire behaviour and ultimately post-fire tree mortality across 4438 forest plots in the French Alps. The results showed that cold season fires (about 50% of the fires in the French Alps) have a limited impact except on low-elevation forests of the Southern Alps (mainly Oak, Scots pine). In average summer conditions, mixed and broadleaved forests of low elevations suffer the highest mortality rates (up to 75% in coppices). Finally, summer fires occurring in extremely dry conditions promote high mortality across all forest communities. Lowest mortality rates were observed in high forest stands composed of tree species presenting adaptation to surface fires (e.g. thick bark, high canopy) such as Larch forests of the internal Alps. This study provides insights on the vulnerability of the main tree species and forest ecosystems of the French Alps useful for the adaptation of forest management practices to climate changes. Numéro de notice : A2019-565 Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s10342-019-01206-1 date de publication en ligne : 19/06/2019 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-019-01206-1 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=94414 [article]

Effects of a large-scale late spring frost on a beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) dominated Mediterranean mountain forest derived from the spatio-temporal variations of NDVI / Angelo Nolè in Annals of Forest Science [en ligne], vol 75 n° 3 (September 2018)  

Public [article]  inAnnals of Forest Science [en ligne] > vol 75 n° 3 (September 2018) Titre : Effects of a large-scale late spring frost on a beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) dominated Mediterranean mountain forest derived from the spatio-temporal variations of NDVI Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Angelo Nolè, Auteur ; Angelo Rita, Auteur ; Agostino Maria Silvio Ferrara, Auteur ; Marco Borghetti, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de télédétection [Termes descripteurs IGN] analyse diachronique [Termes descripteurs IGN] canopée [Termes descripteurs IGN] Fagus sylvatica [Termes descripteurs IGN] forêt alpestre [Termes descripteurs IGN] forêt méditerranéenne [Termes descripteurs IGN] gelée [Termes descripteurs IGN] image Landsat-8 [Termes descripteurs IGN] image Landsat-OLI [Termes descripteurs IGN] image Landsat-TIRS [Termes descripteurs IGN] Italie [Termes descripteurs IGN] Normalized Difference Vegetation Index [Termes descripteurs IGN] variation temporelle Résumé : (Auteur) Key message: A remote sensing-based approach was implemented to detect the effect of a late spring frost on beech forests in the Mediterranean mountain region. The analysis of spatio-temporal variability of frost effects on normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) highlighted the distribution of the canopy damage across the forest according to geomorphic factors such as slope, aspect, and altitude. Context: Increased intensity and frequency of extreme temperatures such as late spring frosts and heat waves represent the main drivers affecting forest ecosystem structure and composition in the Mediterranean region. Aims: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a late spring frost disturbance, which occurred during spring 2016 in southern Italy, through the assessment of the spatial pattern of the damage to the beech forest canopy associated with the peak decrease in normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), and the analysis of the NDVI temporal recovery after this frost disturbance. Methods: The forest areas affected by frost were detected through the NDVI differencing technique based on Landsat 8 (OLI/TIRS) imagery time series. The influence of local geomorphic factors (i.e., aspect, elevation, and slope) on forest NDVI patterns was assessed by means of a generalized additive model (GAM). Results: A rather counterintuitive NDVI patterns emerged according to the forest exposition, with NDVI significantly higher on the north facing areas than the southerly ones. The main canopy damage occurred at about 1250 m and reached up to 1500 m asl, representing the altitudinal range affected by the frost disturbance. Finally, the full canopy recovery occurred within 3 months of the frost event. Conclusion: The analysis of seasonal Landsat 8 image time series related to local geomorphic factors, such as aspect, slope, and altitude, and plant phenology on a frost event date, contributed to highlight the NDVI spatio-temporal variation and canopy recovery of a Mediterranean mountain beech forest. Numéro de notice : A2018-328 Thématique : FORET/IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s13595-018-0763-1 date de publication en ligne : 16/08/2018 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-018-0763-1 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=90472 [article]

Future management options for cembran pine forests close to the alpine timberline / Nathalia Jandl in Annals of Forest Science [en ligne], vol 75 n° 3 (September 2018)  

Public [article]  inAnnals of Forest Science [en ligne] > vol 75 n° 3 (September 2018) Titre : Future management options for cembran pine forests close to the alpine timberline Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Nathalia Jandl, Auteur ; Robert Jandl, Auteur ; Andreas Schindlbacher, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes descripteurs IGN] biomasse forestière [Termes descripteurs IGN] changement climatique [Termes descripteurs IGN] économie forestière [Termes descripteurs IGN] forêt alpestre [Termes descripteurs IGN] gestion forestière [Termes descripteurs IGN] grume [Termes descripteurs IGN] larix decidua [Termes descripteurs IGN] marché du bois [Termes descripteurs IGN] Pinus cembra [Termes descripteurs IGN] prévention des risques [Termes descripteurs IGN] puits de carbone [Termes descripteurs IGN] service écosystémique [Termes descripteurs IGN] simulation [Termes descripteurs IGN] Tyrol (Autriche) [Vedettes matières IGN] Sylviculture Résumé : (auteur) Key message: High-elevation forests in the Alps protect infrastructure and human lives against natural hazards such as rockfall, flooding, and avalanches. Routinely performed silvicultural interventions maintain the required stand structure but are not commercially viable in remote forests due to high operational costs. Financial subsidies for the management of high-elevation protection forests are an efficient strategy to ensure sustainable forest cover. Context:Presently, many high-elevation forests in the Alps are managed in order to ensure the provision of ecosystem services with emphasis on the minimization of natural hazards. Aims: We studied the possible economic performance of a high-elevation protection forest from an owner’s perspective. We investigated whether the increase in productivity due to climate change and a favorable market for the dominating cembran pine (Pinus cembra L.) are sufficient for profitable timber production in protection forests. Methods: We simulated the standing timber stock and the soil carbon pool for a 100-year period with climate-sensitive models and compared harvesting costs with expected revenues. Our scenarios included different climates, intensities of timber extractions, parameters of the timber market, and the availability of government subsidies. Results: Overall, the productivity of forests increases by approximately 15% until the end of the century. In a zero-management scenario, the forest accumulates carbon both in the aboveground biomass and the soil. In the case of an extensive management with moderate timber extractions every 50 years, the carbon stocks decline both in biomass and soil. A more intensive management scenario with extractions every 30 years leads to substantial losses of the soil and biomass carbon pools. In addition, the stand structure changes and the protective function of the forest is not sustainably ensured. Timber production can be economically successful only with high selling prices of cembran pine timber and the availability of governmental subsidies for forest management. The admixed European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) contributes only marginally to the economic success. The main challenge are harvesting costs. The costs of timber extraction by a long-distance cableway logging system exceed the value of the harvested timber. Conclusion: The intensification of forest management cannot be recommended from the perspective of timber production, sustainable forest management, and protection against natural hazards. Our simulation experiment shows that the extraction of timber at decadal intervals depletes the carbon stock that is insufficiently replenished from aboveground and belowground litterfall. Leaving the forest unmanaged does not impose a particular threat to stand stability and is under the encountered situation, a justified strategy. Numéro de notice : A2018-332 Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s13595-018-0760-4 date de publication en ligne : 15/08/2018 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-018-0760-4 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=90483 [article]

Forêts de montagne et changement climatique : impacts et adaptation / Sophie Labonne in Sciences, eaux & territoires, article hors-série n° 48 (2018)  

Public [article]  inSciences, eaux & territoires > article hors-série n° 48 (2018) . - 7 p. Titre : Forêts de montagne et changement climatique : impacts et adaptation Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Sophie Labonne, Auteur ; Thomas Cordonnier, Auteur ; Georges Kunstler, Auteur ; Marc Fuhr, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : 7 p. Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Français (fre) Descripteur : [Termes descripteurs IGN] changement climatique [Termes descripteurs IGN] forêt alpestre [Termes descripteurs IGN] impact sur l'environnement [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatique Résumé : (auteur) Les impacts du changement climatique sur les forêts de montagne sont déjà perceptibles et les prévisions nous montrent, par leurs contradictions, la complexité des phénomènes en jeu. L’objectif de cette étude bibliographique est d’abord de caractériser les principaux effets du changement climatique, principalement dans les forêts alpines, puis de présenter différentes options d’adaptation devant permettre de conserver les services actuellement fournis par la forêt. L’épicéa, le sapin et le hêtre, dominants dans les Alpes françaises, y sont privilégiés. Numéro de notice : A2018-242 Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.14758/SET-REVUE.2018.HS.05 date de publication en ligne : 20/07/2018 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.14758/SET-REVUE.2018.HS.05 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=90298 [article]

Within- and between-tree variation of wood density components in Pinus nigra at six sites in Portugal / Alexandra Dias in Annals of Forest Science [en ligne], vol 75 n° 2 (June 2018)  

Public [article]  inAnnals of Forest Science [en ligne] > vol 75 n° 2 (June 2018) Titre : Within- and between-tree variation of wood density components in Pinus nigra at six sites in Portugal Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Alexandra Dias, Auteur ; Maria João Gaspar, Auteur ; Ana Carvalho, Auteur ; Jani Pires, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation [Termes descripteurs IGN] analyse de variance [Termes descripteurs IGN] base de données forestières [Termes descripteurs IGN] bois adulte [Termes descripteurs IGN] bois de jeunesse [Termes descripteurs IGN] croissance végétale [Termes descripteurs IGN] densité du bois [Termes descripteurs IGN] forêt alpestre [Termes descripteurs IGN] hétérogénéité environnementale [Termes descripteurs IGN] microdensitométrie [Termes descripteurs IGN] Pinus nigra [Termes descripteurs IGN] Portugal [Termes descripteurs IGN] résineux Résumé : (Auteur) Key message: In Europe, P. nigra wood presents a density pattern of longitudinal variation with an increase from east to west. However, no latitudinal tendencies were detected. Compared to other Portuguese resinous species, P. nigra revealed higher density, identical radial growth and intra-ring heterogeneity, which presents advantages for industry purposes. The environmental factors (Sites effect) manifest more strongly in the latewood components while the Trees/Sites effect is more strongly expressed in the earlywood components. Context: Although P. nigra Arnold is one of the most important conifers in Europe, little is known about the wood’s characteristics in the southwest European region. Aims: Our aims are to outline a first approach to study the growth and wood quality in P. nigra in Portugal comparing to other European natural stands and other resinous species. Methods: Inter- and intra-wood density variation of P. nigra from six Portuguese sites was studied using microdensitometry. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed in three subsets: 50 common rings, core (juvenile wood) and peripheral analysis (mature wood). Results: The average ring density was 0.588 g cm−3, with maximum values in the north and low altitudes. Regarding growth traits, no latitudinal and altitudinal tendencies were detected. Compared to the main timber species in Portugal (P. pinaster Aiton), P. nigra showed similar radial growth, higher density but lower intra-ring density homogeneity. The Sites effect mainly influenced latewood density components, while the Trees/Sites effect primarily influenced earlywood components. The Rings effect was found to be relatively low, with a density decrease in the tree’s first years followed by an increase in the periphery. Growth traits showed a reduction from pith to bark. Conclusion: Considering the quality (density) and growth features of the Black pine, this species could be useful for the reforestation of mountainous Southern Europe areas that are not favourable for other species. Numéro de notice : A2018-321 Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s13595-018-0734-6 date de publication en ligne : 08/05/2018 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-018-0734-6 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=90462 [article]

Significant effect of topographic normalization of airborne LiDAR data on the retrieval of plant area index profile in mountainous forests / Jing Liu in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 132 (October 2017)  

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Modéliser et quantifier les services écosystémiques forestiers à l’échelle des petits territoires / Thomas Cordonnier in Sciences, eaux & territoires, n° 21 (décembre 2016)    

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The protective effect of forests against rockfalls across the French Alps: Influence of forest diversity / S. Dupire in Forest ecology and management, vol 382 (15 December 2016)  

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Effects of forest structure and airborne laser scanning point cloud density on 3D delineation of individual tree crowns / Kaja Kandare in European journal of remote sensing, vol 49 (2016)  

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Prise en compte des forêts à fonction de protection dans les cartographies réglementaires de prévention des risques naturels : Tour d’horizon européen et recommandations pour la France / Jérôme Liévois in Rendez-vous techniques, n° 51-52 (printemps - été 2016) 

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Mapping the value of ecosystem services: A case study from the Austrian Alps / Alessandro Paletto in Annals of forest research, vol 58 n° 1 (January 2015)  

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To die or not to die: Forest dynamics in Switzerland under climate change / Nicolas Bircher (2015)  

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Deadwood and tree microhabitat dynamics in unharvested temperate mountain mixed forests: A life-cycle approach to biodiversity monitoring / Laurent Larrieu in Forest ecology and management, vol 334 ([15/12/2014])  

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Large scale road network extraction in forested moutainous areas using airborne laser scanning data / António Ferraz (2014)    

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Multi-level filtering segmentation to measure individual tree parameters based on Lidar data: Application to a mountainous forest with heterogeneous stands / Cédric Vega in International journal of applied Earth observation and geoinformation, vol 13 n° 4 (August 2011)

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