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A meta-analysis of changes in soil organic carbon stocks after afforestation with deciduous broadleaved, sempervirent broadleaved, and conifer tree species / Guolong Hou in Annals of Forest Science [en ligne], vol 77 n° 4 (December 2020)  

Public [article]  inAnnals of Forest Science [en ligne] > vol 77 n° 4 (December 2020) . - 13 p. Titre : A meta-analysis of changes in soil organic carbon stocks after afforestation with deciduous broadleaved, sempervirent broadleaved, and conifer tree species Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Guolong Hou, Auteur ; Claudio O. Delang, Auteur ; Xixi Lu, Auteur ; Lei Gao, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : 13 p. Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] afforestation [Termes IGN] arbre caducifolié [Termes IGN] arbre sempervirent [Termes IGN] boisement artificiel [Termes IGN] feuillu [Termes IGN] Pinophyta [Termes IGN] puits de carbone [Termes IGN] sol [Vedettes matières IGN] Ecologie forestière Résumé : (auteur) Key message: Different tree species have dissimilar capacities to sequester soil organic carbon (SOC). Deciduous broadleaved trees show the most stable increase in SOC stock after afforestation than other tree species, while sempervirent conifer trees show the lowest rate of SOC stock change. Sempervirent broadleaved trees show the greatest increase in SOC stock 20 years after afforestation. Context: The rate at which soil organic carbon (SOC) stock changes after afforestation varies considerably with the tree species. A better understanding of the role of tree species in SOC change dynamic is needed to evaluate the SOC sequestration potential of afforestation programs. Aims: The aim of this paper is to identify the dissimilar rates at which different tree species sequester SOC, following afforestation. Methods: We complete a meta-analysis with 544 data points from 261 sites in 90 papers. We group tree species into decidious broadleved, sempervirent broadleaved and sempervirent conifer. We use standardization and/or extrapolation methods to standardize soil depths. Statistical analysis test the main effects of tree species and their interactions with previous land use and plantation age on SOC stock change after afforestation. Results: Deciduous broadleaved trees show a stable increase in SOC stock, and are especially suited for afforestation of grassland or soils with high initial SOC. Sempervirent broadleaved afforestation results in loss of SOC stock in young stands, but greater SOC stock in mature stands. Sempervirent conifer trees show the lowest rate of SOC stock change, but are suitable for nutrient-poor soil. Conclusion: The results emphasize the importance of considering tree species when estimating SOC stock change, in particular when carbon sequestration is an objective of afforestation programs. Numéro de notice : A2020-590 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s13595-020-00997-3 date de publication en ligne : 25/09/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-020-00997-3 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=95921 [article]

Influence of forest management activities on soil organic carbon stocks: A knowledge synthesis / Mathias Mayer in Forest ecology and management, Vol 466 (15 June 2020)  

Public [article]  inForest ecology and management > Vol 466 (15 June 2020) . - 25 p. Titre : Influence of forest management activities on soil organic carbon stocks: A knowledge synthesis Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Mathias Mayer, Auteur ; Cindy E. Prescott, Auteur ; Wafa E.A. Abaker, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : 25 p. Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] afforestation [Termes IGN] azote [Termes IGN] biomasse forestière [Termes IGN] changement d'occupation du sol [Termes IGN] déchet organique [Termes IGN] éclaircie (sylviculture) [Termes IGN] écosystème forestier [Termes IGN] forêt primaire [Termes IGN] forêt secondaire [Termes IGN] gestion forestière [Termes IGN] peuplement mélangé [Termes IGN] teneur en carbone [Vedettes matières IGN] Ecologie forestière Résumé : (auteur) Almost half of the total organic carbon (C) in terrestrial ecosystems is stored in forest soils. By altering rates of input or release of C from soils, forest management activities can influence soil C stocks in forests. In this review, we synthesize current evidence regarding the influences of 13 common forest management practices on forest soil C stocks. Afforestation of former croplands generally increases soil C stocks, whereas on former grasslands and peatlands, soil C stocks are unchanged or even reduced following afforestation. The conversion of primary forests to secondary forests generally reduces soil C stocks, particularly if the land is converted to an agricultural land-use prior to reforestation. Harvesting, particularly clear-cut harvesting, generally results in a reduction in soil C stocks, particularly in the forest floor and upper mineral soil. Removal of residues by harvesting whole-trees and stumps negatively affects soil C stocks. Soil disturbance from site preparation decreases soil C stocks, particularly in the organic top soil, however improved growth of tree seedlings may outweigh soil C losses over a rotation. Nitrogen (N) addition has an overall positive effect on soil C stocks across a wide range of forest ecosystems. Likewise, higher stocks and faster accumulation of soil C occur under tree species with N-fixing associates. Stocks and accumulation rates of soil C also differ under different tree species, with coniferous species accumulating more C in the forest floor and broadleaved species tending to store more C in the mineral soil. There is some evidence that increased tree species diversity could positively affect soil C stocks in temperate and subtropical forests, but tree species identity, particularly N-fixing species, seems to have a stronger impact on soil C stocks than tree species diversity. Management of stand density and thinning have small effects on forest soil C stocks. In forests with high populations of ungulate herbivores, reduction in herbivory levels can increase soil C stocks. Removal of plant biomass for fodder and fuel is related to a reduction in the soil C stocks. Fire management practices such as prescribed burning reduce soil C stocks, but less so than wildfires which are more intense. For each practice, we identify existing gaps in knowledge and suggest research to address the gaps. Numéro de notice : A2020-288 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118127 date de publication en ligne : 08/04/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118127 Format de la ressource électronique : url article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=95113 [article]

Profitability of growing Scots pine on cutaway peatlands / Lasse Aro in Silva fennica, vol 54 n° 3 (June 2020)  

Public [article]  inSilva fennica > vol 54 n° 3 (June 2020) . - 18 p. Titre : Profitability of growing Scots pine on cutaway peatlands Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Lasse Aro, Auteur ; Anssi Ahtikoski, Auteur ; Jyrki Hytönen, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : 18 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] afforestation [Termes IGN] boisement artificiel [Termes IGN] économie forestière [Termes IGN] engrais chimique [Termes IGN] Finlande [Termes IGN] gestion forestière [Termes IGN] Pinus sylvestris [Termes IGN] rendement [Termes IGN] tourbe [Termes IGN] tourbière [Vedettes matières IGN] Sylviculture Résumé : (auteur) A major after-use option for former peat harvesting areas has been afforestation. The profitability of afforestation with Scots pine trees (Pinus sylvestris L.) was studied in two 31–32-year old experiments in southern and northern Finland. The stands were established by seeding and planting, and various fertilization treatments and drainage intensities were tested. The financial performance for each plot was assessed in three steps. First, the costs occurred during the measurement time were summed up according to their present value. Then, for the rest of the rotation (i.e., from the age of 31/32 onwards) the stand management was optimized in order to maximize the net present value (MaxNPV). Finally, bare land values (BLVs) were calculated by summing up the present value of costs and the MaxNPV and converting the sum of the series into infinity. The afforestation method did not affect the mean annual increment (MAI; 9.2–9.5 m3 ha–1 a–1)in the southern experiment. In the northern experiment the afforestation method, ditch spacing and fertilization had significant effects on the MAI of the stands. The average MAI of the planted pines was 8.9 m3 ha–1 a–1, and for seeded pines it was 7.5 m3 ha–1 a–1. The BLV at an interest rate of 3% was positive for all stands in both regions. In the northern region afforestation method, ditch spacing and fertilization also had a significant effect on the BLV. When the interest rate was 5%, almost two thirds of the stands had a negative BLV in both regions. Numéro de notice : A2020-648 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.14214/sf.10273 date de publication en ligne : 24/06/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.10273 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=96078 [article]

Understorey plant species show long‐range spatial patterns in forest patches according to distance‐to‐edge / Vincent Pellissier in Journal of vegetation science, vol 24 n° 1 (January 2013)  

Public [article]  inJournal of vegetation science > vol 24 n° 1 (January 2013) . - pp 9 - 24 Titre : Understorey plant species show long‐range spatial patterns in forest patches according to distance‐to‐edge Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Vincent Pellissier, Auteur ; Laurent Bergès, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : pp 9 - 24 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation [Termes IGN] afforestation [Termes IGN] distribution spatiale [Termes IGN] forêt tempérée [Termes IGN] France (administrative) [Termes IGN] inventaire forestier national (données France) [Termes IGN] régression logistique Résumé : (auteur) Questions : How does the presence of understorey plant species vary with distance‐to‐edge along very large periphery‐to‐interior and forest patch size gradients? Can forest core and periphery species profiles be identified? What life‐history traits can discriminate between forest core and forest periphery species? Location : Temperate forests in the northern half of France. Methods : Local climate, soil, stand characteristics and landscape metrics were collected on 19 989 plots in 1801 forest patches using data from the French National Forest Inventory. Very large distance‐to‐edge (3–1096 m) and patch size gradients (327–100 000 ha) were explored. Four logistic regression models were compared to determine the response patterns of 214 species to distance‐to‐edge, while controlling for patch size and local habitat quality (soil, climate and stand). The maximum distance of correlation between species occurrence and distance‐to‐edge was assessed using response curve characteristics. The relationships between life‐history traits (habitat preference, preference for ancient forests, reproduction mode, dispersal mode, life form and autecology) and species profile according to distance‐to‐edge were tested. Results : Of the 214 species analysed, 40 had a core profile and 38 a periphery profile. The maximum distance of correlation was on average 748 m. Core species were more often species reproducing both by seed and vegetatively, ancient forest species, anemochores, bryophytes, pteridophytes, hemicryptophytes and acidophiles, whereas peripheral species were more often species reproducing by seed only, endozoochores, phanerophytes, thermophiles, basophiles, nitrogen‐demanding and heliophiles. Conclusions : Significant periphery‐to‐core patterns of distribution were detected over much larger ranges than hitherto recognized for common understorey plant species. Plant traits differentiated forest core from forest periphery species. This deep gradient cannot be solely explained by the usual edge‐related biotic and abiotic factors. We hypothesized that it was due to edge displacement following general reforestation since ca. 1830. This edge shift created recent forests with new habitats on former agricultural lands where dispersal‐limited core species had slowly expanded and forest edge species regressed at variable speeds. This long periphery‐to‐interior gradient of presence has important implications for forest plant species distribution, dynamics and conservation. Numéro de notice : A2013-849 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01435.x date de publication en ligne : 07/06/2012 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01435.x Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=97440 [article]

Mapping tropical forests and rubber plantations in complex landscapes by integrating PALSAR and MODIS imagery / J. Dong in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 74 (Novembrer 2012)

Public [article]  inISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing > vol 74 (Novembrer 2012) . - pp 20 - 33 Titre : Mapping tropical forests and rubber plantations in complex landscapes by integrating PALSAR and MODIS imagery Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : J. Dong, Auteur ; X. Xiao, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp 20 - 33 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de télédétection [Termes IGN] afforestation [Termes IGN] carte de la végétation [Termes IGN] classification dirigée [Termes IGN] classification par réseau neuronal [Termes IGN] forêt tropicale [Termes IGN] Hainan (Chine) [Termes IGN] Hevea brasiliensis [Termes IGN] image ALOS-PALSAR [Termes IGN] image Terra-MODIS [Termes IGN] traitement d'image [Termes IGN] zone tropicale humide Résumé : (Auteur) Knowledge of the spatial distribution of forest types in tropical regions is important for implementation of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD), better understanding of the global carbon cycle, and optimal forest management. Frequent cloud cover in moist tropical regions poses challenges for using optical images to map and monitor forests. Recently, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) released a 50 m orthorectified mosaic product from the Phased Array Type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) onboard the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS). PALSAR data provides information about the land surface without cloud interference. In this study we use the fine beam dual (FBD) polarization PALSAR 50 m mosaic imagery and a Neural Network (NN) method to produce a land cover map in Hainan Island, China. Subsequently, forest areas are classified into evergreen and deciduous forests and rubber plantations are mapped using vegetation and land surface water indices derived from 250 to 500 m resolution MODIS products. The PALSAR 50 m forest cover map, MODIS-based forest types and rubber plantation maps are fused to generate fractional maps of evergreen forest, deciduous forest and rubber plantation within 500 m or 250 m pixels. PALSAR data perform well for land cover classification (overall accuracy = 89% and Kappa Coefficient = 0.79) and forest identification (both the Producer’s Accuracy and User’s Accuracy are higher than 92%). The resulting land cover maps of forest, cropland, water and urban lands are consistent with the National Land Cover Dataset of China in 2005 (NLCD-2005). Validation from ground truth samples indicates that the resultant rubber plantation map is highly accurate (the overall accuracy = 85%). Overall, this study provides insight on the potential of integrating cloud-free 50 m PALSAR and temporal MODIS data on mapping forest types and rubber plantations in moist tropical regions. Numéro de notice : A2012-603 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET/IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=32049 [article]

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