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Resource-based growth models reveal opportunities to mitigate climate change effects on beech regeneration by silvicultural measures / Jan F. Wilkens in Forest ecology and management, vol 532 (March-15 2023)  

Public [article]  inForest ecology and management > vol 532 (March-15 2023) . - n° 120815 Titre : Resource-based growth models reveal opportunities to mitigate climate change effects on beech regeneration by silvicultural measures Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Jan F. Wilkens, Auteur ; Robert Schlicht, Auteur ; Sven Wagner, Auteur Année de publication : 2023 Article en page(s) : n° 120815 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] Europe (géographie politique) [Termes IGN] Fagus sylvatica [Termes IGN] gestion forestière [Termes IGN] modèle de croissance végétale [Termes IGN] rayonnement solaire [Termes IGN] régénération (sylviculture) [Termes IGN] semis (sylviculture) [Termes IGN] sylviculture [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatique Résumé : (auteur) Successful European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) regeneration is both of great ecological and economical importance in European forest ecosystems and severely threatened by climate change impacts. To increase our knowledge of beech regeneration dynamics under climate change and the potential for controlling it through forest management, we studied interactive effects of solar radiation (PHAR), water and nutrient availability on the height growth of artificially (AR) and naturally regenerated (NR) beech seedlings. The study was conducted in the framework of experimental canopy gaps, under the influence of the 2018/19 drought and heatwaves. We measured PHAR by means of hemispherical photography, approximated water availability based on the inverse of modeled fine root density distributions of overstorey beech (BGRB) and oak (BGRO) and approximated nutrient availability based on soil fertility (SF), derived from forest site mapping. Results indicate that seedling resource availability and resulting growth responses increase with canopy gap size and vary among locations within the gap. Multiplicative non-linear mixed models suggest that AR and NR relative height growth (RI) was best explained by interactive effects of PHAR, BGRB, BGRO and SF, which reflect complementary resource use patterns of beech seedlings. At optimal resource availability, AR reached a potential RI of 174%, which is about 20% higher compared to NR. While the low light growth responses of AR and NR both reflect saturation at 5 to 15% PHAR, depending on individual size and the availability of the remaining resources, NR showed a higher RI than AR at intermediate and high PHAR levels in cases of limited BGR and SF. In contrast to AR, NR growth was affected to a lesser extent by SF and BGRB and not significantly affected by BGRO. These results suggest that overstorey oaks have a lower effect on water availability of beech seedlings than overstorey beeches. Additionally, NR showed higher tolerance to water and nutrient limitation than AR, probably due to better root system development. In conclusion, site-specific potential for mitigating the effects of climate change on beech regeneration through forest management lies in the adaptation of silvicultural systems, i.e., the creation of canopy gaps larger than 200 m2, thus significantly exceeding the average gap size of the natural disturbance regime, and the choice of the regeneration method. Numéro de notice : A2023-164 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2023.120815 Date de publication en ligne : 26/01/2023 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2023.120815 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=102869 [article]

Forest floor alteration by canopy trees and soil wetness drive regeneration of a spruce-beech forest / Pavel Daněk in Forest ecology and management, vol 504 (January-15 2022)  

Public [article]  inForest ecology and management > vol 504 (January-15 2022) . - n° 119802 Titre : Forest floor alteration by canopy trees and soil wetness drive regeneration of a spruce-beech forest Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Pavel Daněk, Auteur ; Pavel Šamonil, Auteur ; Libor Hort, Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : n° 119802 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] bois mort [Termes IGN] canopée [Termes IGN] Fagus sylvatica [Termes IGN] humidité du sol [Termes IGN] litière [Termes IGN] peuplement mélangé [Termes IGN] Picea abies [Termes IGN] régénération (sylviculture) [Termes IGN] République Tchèque [Termes IGN] semis (sylviculture) [Termes IGN] sol forestier [Vedettes matières IGN] Foresterie Résumé : (auteur) Natural regeneration of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) plays a crucial role in the future of many European mountain forests. It is affected by various soil and stand-related factors whose relative importance, especially in mixed stands, is still not known. In this study, we assessed the importance of stand composition, soil wetness, disturbances and different microsites and seedbeds for regeneration of beech and spruce in a mixed old-growth mountain forest. We also focused on how the effects of these factors change as regeneration gets older. We sampled all regeneration in 563 plots from different microsite types (deadwood, intact soil, treethrow pits and mounds), distinguishing three seedbeds (mosses, beech litter, bare substrate) for seedlings. We used soil survey and tree census data with generalized linear mixed models and variance partitioning to identify the main factors driving tree regeneration and their relative importance. Although beech was slightly less abundant in the canopy than spruce, it strongly outnumbered spruce in regeneration. Beech regeneration showed an affinity for beech litter-rich microsites and drier soils, while spruce was more common on deadwood and moister soils and its response to the seedbed was microsite-specific. The regeneration of both species was positively related to the proportion of their own species in the canopy, but more so in seedlings than in older regeneration cohorts, where soil wetness was more important. The overall pattern of tree regeneration thus resulted from a complex interplay between site conditions and their alterations by current and former generations of canopy trees through the creation of new microsites (deadwood, uprooting mounds) or litter production. Where beech regeneration is not suppressed by excess soil wetness, it is much more successful than spruce due to its shade tolerance and ability to be established in the beech litter that dominates the forest floor. On the other hand, spruce regeneration is mostly restricted to elevated microsites with lower litter accumulation, such as deadwood and treethrow mounds. Our results indicate that both species exhibit an ability to modify their environment in favor of their own regeneration, but under current conditions, beech is more successful than spruce and can be expected to increase its dominance in the future. Numéro de notice : A2022-022 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119802 Date de publication en ligne : 04/11/2021 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119802 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=99214 [article]

Factors affecting winter damage and recovery of newly planted Norway spruce seedlings in boreal forests / Jaana Luoranen in Forest ecology and management, vol 503 (January-1 2022)  

Public [article]  inForest ecology and management > vol 503 (January-1 2022) . - n° 119759 Titre : Factors affecting winter damage and recovery of newly planted Norway spruce seedlings in boreal forests Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Jaana Luoranen, Auteur ; Johanna Riikonen, Auteur ; Timo Saksa, Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : n° 119759 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] coupe rase (sylviculture) [Termes IGN] dommage forestier causé par facteurs naturels [Termes IGN] Finlande [Termes IGN] forêt boréale [Termes IGN] hiver [Termes IGN] phénomène météorologique [Termes IGN] Picea abies [Termes IGN] régénération (sylviculture) [Termes IGN] semis (sylviculture) [Termes IGN] stockage [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatique Résumé : (auteur) In boreal and temperate forest zones, snowless winters and springs with varying temperature conditions are becoming more common with climate change. In the spring of 2020, extensive winter damage in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings, which had been planted the previous year in Central Finland, was observed. In most cases, the probable reason was winter desiccation. This provided a good opportunity to study the regeneration site, seedling, and weather factors that affect winter damage and the recovery of seedlings from damage. In the study, systematic plot sampling was done in 60 selected regeneration sites where damage was known to have occurred. The prediction models for the probabilities of winter damage and the recovery of seedlings were fit to the data. The risk of winter damage was higher in seedlings packed in a closed package than in seedlings stored in open trays. The risk was especially high if seedlings packed in a closed package were stored for more than a week before planting in the middle of June or later. In open trays, the risk of damage was highest in seedlings planted in September, but even then, the risk was lower than in seedlings packed in a closed package. Long storage duration also increased the damage risk in seedlings stored in open trays and planted in September. Other factors that increased damage were coarse soil and the sample plot being on top of a hill. Factors reducing the risk were a fast chain from clear-cutting to planting, planting in good-quality mounds, a sample plot position on the north slope, and the shading of the forest edge on the southern side of a plot. Recovery of seedlings was weaker when seedlings were stored in a closed package and planted in the fall, in too shallow planting depth, or in humus-covered mounds. Recovery improved when seedlings were planted at a depth of at least 5 cm, or when the coniferous forest edge was on the southern or western side of a plot. Winter damage reduced seedling growth and induced the formation of multiple leaders. In practice, the most important factors to be taken into account were avoiding long storage duration and planting seedlings packed in a closed package after the middle of June. Good-quality site preparation and planting were also important for minimizing the risk of damage and improving recovery. Numéro de notice : A2022-011 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119759 Date de publication en ligne : 07/10/2021 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119759 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=99068 [article]

Understory plant community responses to widespread spruce mortality in a subalpine forest / Trevor A. Carter in Journal of vegetation science, vol 33 n° 1 (January 2022)  

Public [article]  inJournal of vegetation science > vol 33 n° 1 (January 2022) . - 15 p. Titre : Understory plant community responses to widespread spruce mortality in a subalpine forest Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Trevor A. Carter, Auteur ; Paula J. Fornwalt, Auteur ; Katleen A. Dwire, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : 15 p. Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] Abies alba [Termes IGN] forêt subalpine [Termes IGN] insecte nuisible [Termes IGN] Leaf Area Index [Termes IGN] maladie phytosanitaire [Termes IGN] mortalité [Termes IGN] Picea abies [Termes IGN] régression linéaire [Termes IGN] semis (sylviculture) [Termes IGN] sous-étage [Termes IGN] Wyoming (Etats-Unis) [Vedettes matières IGN] Foresterie Résumé : (auteur) Aims: Spruce beetles (Dendroctonus rufipennis) are causing widespread spruce (Picea spp.) mortality in subalpine forests in western North America. Spruce beetles are changing forest structure and composition by killing a dominant overstory species, but we know little about how the understory community responds to the increase in resource availability brought about by spruce mortality, what mechanisms drive its response, or how its response affects other forest properties and processes. Location: Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site, Medicine Bow Mountains, Wyoming, USA. Methods: We measured understory community cover and richness in 75 permanent plots during and 10 years after an epidemic spruce beetle outbreak, and measured trait values for 46 common understory species. We used linear regression to determine how the understory community has changed over time and along a gradient of spruce mortality, and to evaluate the relative support for two mechanisms contributing to species responses. Results: Understory cover nearly doubled between sampling periods and increased the most where spruce mortality was most severe. Understory richness doubled and showed a weak positive trend with spruce mortality. Understory species with the largest increases in cover were the most frequent across the landscape before the disturbance, were the tallest at maturity and had the lowest leaf turgor loss points. Fir seedling density decreased over time, with decreases lessening with increases in understory cover. Changes in spruce seedling density were not predicted by changes in understory cover. Conclusions: Our findings highlight some of the diverse ways in which understory communities can be altered by spruce beetle outbreaks, and how the direction and magnitude of change can depend on the amount of spruce mortality as well as on priority effects and traits of pre-disturbance species. Our findings also highlight how understory community changes can have implications for other forest properties and processes, such as tree regeneration and forest recovery. Numéro de notice : A2022-173 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1111/jvs.13109 Date de publication en ligne : 14/12/2021 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13109 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=99809 [article]

Growth recovery and phenological responses of juvenile beech (fagus sylvatica L.) exposed to spring warming and late spring frost / Kristine Vander Mijnsbrugge in Forests, vol 12 n° 11 (November 2021)  

Public [article]  inForests > vol 12 n° 11 (November 2021) . - n° 1604 Titre : Growth recovery and phenological responses of juvenile beech (fagus sylvatica L.) exposed to spring warming and late spring frost Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Kristine Vander Mijnsbrugge, Auteur ; Jessa May Malanguis, Auteur ; Stefaan Moreels, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : n° 1604 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] Belgique [Termes IGN] chaleur [Termes IGN] croissance des arbres [Termes IGN] dommage forestier causé par facteurs naturels [Termes IGN] Fagus sylvatica [Termes IGN] gelée [Termes IGN] phénologie [Termes IGN] phénomène climatique extrême [Termes IGN] semis (sylviculture) [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatique Résumé : (auteur) Global change increases the risk of extreme climatic events. The impact of extreme temperature may depend on the tree species and also on the provenance. Ten provenances of Fagus sylvatica L. were grown in a common garden environment in Belgium and subjected to different temperature treatments. Half of the one year old seedlings were submitted to a high thermal stress in the spring of the first year, and all plants were exposed to a late spring frost in the second year. The high-temperature treated plants displayed reduced growth in the first year, which was fully compensated (recovery with exact compensation) in the second year for radial growth and in the third year for height growth. Frost in the spring of the second year damaged part of the saplings and reduced their growth. The frost damaged plants regained the pre-stress growth rate one year later (recovery without compensation). The high temperature treatment in the first year and the frost damage in the second year clearly influenced the phenological responses in the year of the event and in the succeeding year. Little population differentiation was observed among the provenances for growth and for phenological responses. Yet, a southern provenance, a non-autochthonous provenance (original German provenance that was planted in Belgium about a century ago) and a more continental provenance flushed earlier than the local Atlantic provenances in the year of the frost event, resulting in more frost damage. Some caution should therefore be taken when translocating provenances as an anticipation of the predicted climate warming. Numéro de notice : A2021-879 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.3390/f12111604 Date de publication en ligne : 20/11/2021 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.3390/f12111604 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=99169 [article]

The influence of fencing on seedling establishment during reforestation of oak stands: a comparison of artificial and natural regeneration techniques including costs / Magnus Löf in European Journal of Forest Research, vol 140 n° 4 (August 2021)  

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How to accelerate the germination of Scots pine and Norway spruce seeds? / Kateřina Houšková in Journal of forest science, vol 67 n° 3 (March 2021)  

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Modelling potential density of natural regeneration of European oak species (Quercus robur L., Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) depending on the distance to the potential seed source: Methodological approach for modelling dispersal from inventory data at forest enterprise level / Maximilian Axer in Forest ecology and management, vol 482 ([15/02/2021])  

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Installer des semis de chênes dans les pinèdes à pin d’Alep en phase de renouvellement / Bernard Prévosto in Forêt méditerranéenne, vol 31 n° 1 (mars 2010)  

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Les semis préexistants : une composante importante à la régénération dans les hêtraies mélangées / Catherine Collet ; François Ningre ; Thiéry Constant ; Antoine De Boutray ; Alexandre Piboule in Rendez-vous techniques, n° 27-28 (hiver - printemps 2010)

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Un renouvellement diffus et en douceur / Eric Sevrin in Forêt entreprise, n° 189 (2009/6)

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Drought susceptibility and recovery of transplanted Quercus rubra seedlings in relation to root system morphology / Douglass F. Jacobs in Annals of Forest Science, Vol 66 n° 5 (July - August 2009)  

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Establishment limitation of holm oak (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp.) in a Mediterranean savanna – forest ecosystem / Christian Smit in Annals of Forest Science, Vol 66 n° 5 (July - August 2009)  

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