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Mean monthly series of sea level observations (1777-1993) at the Kronstadt gauge / V. Bogdanov (2000)
Titre : Mean monthly series of sea level observations (1777-1993) at the Kronstadt gauge Type de document : Rapport Auteurs : V. Bogdanov, Auteur ; M. Medvedev, Auteur ; V. Solodov, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Editeur : Helsinki : Finnish Geodetic Institute FGI Année de publication : 2000 Collection : Reports of the Finnish Geodetic Institute num. 2000- Importance : 34 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-951-711-237-6 Note générale : Bibliographie
note : no de collection = 2000-1Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] dix-huitième siècle
[Termes IGN] dix-neuvième siècle
[Termes IGN] données marégraphiques
[Termes IGN] Saint-Petersbourg
[Termes IGN] série temporelle
[Termes IGN] vingtième siècle
[Vedettes matières IGN] AltimétrieRésumé : (Auteur) The versions of mean monthly (MMSL) and mean annual (MYSL) sea level observation series for 1777-1993 at the Kronstadt gauge and for 1989-1993 at its Shepelevo duplicate (Baltic Sea, Gulf of Finland, Isle of Kotlin, Russia) are submitted for the first time. The archival, fund and published materials of the State Hydrographical Service of the Navy, State Hydrometeorological Service, State Geodetic Service, Russian Academy of Sciences are used. The Kronstadt gauge is the oldest sea level station of Russia, which zero point is accepted as the Initial Point of the State Levelling Network and the Origin of National (“Baltic”) System of Heights. The basic information about the tide gauges, sea level observations, datum level, geodetic control and methods of restoration of long-term series is given. Some results and prospects of the further works are discussed. Note de contenu : 1 Introduction
2 Brief historical information on the sea level observations in the region
3 Basic knowledge of the Kronstadt and Shepelevo gauges and peculiarities of secular series restoration methods
4 Description of mean monthly series (1777-1993) at the Kronstadt gauge
5 Description of mean monthly series (1988-1993) at the Shepelevo duplicate of the Kronstadt gauge
6 Brief characteristic of sea level series
7 ConclusionNuméro de notice : 14651 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Rapport Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=40591 The influence of data quality on the detectability of sea-level height variations / K.I. Van Onselen (2000)
Titre : The influence of data quality on the detectability of sea-level height variations Type de document : Monographie Auteurs : K.I. Van Onselen, Auteur Editeur : Delft : Netherlands Geodetic Commission NGC Année de publication : 2000 Collection : Netherlands Geodetic Commission Publications on Geodesy Sous-collection : New series num. 49 Importance : 204 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-90-6132-273-3 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] marée océanique
[Termes IGN] marégramme
[Termes IGN] marégraphe
[Termes IGN] niveau de la mer
[Termes IGN] niveau moyen des mers
[Termes IGN] qualité des données
[Termes IGN] série temporelle
[Termes IGN] variation
[Vedettes matières IGN] AltimétrieIndex. décimale : 30.50 Nivellement - généralités Résumé : (Auteur) For low-lying areas like the Netherlands, an over-increasing sea level can become a serious threat. This is especially true if sea level rise accelerates, e.g., due to greenhouse-gas induced warming. To anticipate potential troubles, it is important to have a good estimate of the expected behaviour of future sea levels. This requires an accurate description of the present-day sea level variation curve and of foreseeable changes in this "natural" pattern in the near future. These changes in the behaviour of future sea levels can be based, e.g., on models predicting global change, but this is beyond the scope of this thesis. Much simplified, sea level rise over the last century could be described by a linear regression line. Accelerations of this "natural" pattern have occurred if the slope value of the regression line increases, or higher order regression coefficients are required to describe the sea-level rise curve. The better the natural sea level variation curve (as has occurred over the last century) can be determined, the easier it will be to detect a significant divergence from this curve. The objective of this thesis is to determine how well patterns in sea level height variations can be detected, given the limited quality of the data available. The objective of this thesis requires long sea level height time series. Therefore, only tide gauge data has been used and altimetry sea level height series have not been considered. Tide gauges measure sea level heights relative to the tide gauge bench marks. Consequently, the resulting sea level height time series show both variations in absolute sea level and vertical movements of the tide gauge bench marks. By monitoring the height changes between the tide gauge bench marks and a stable reference height, these relative sea level heights can (in principle) be converted into absolute sea level changes. Unfortunately, locating a reference point which is truly stable over long time spans will be extremely difficult, if not impossible. How well a specific sea level variation pattern can be detected depends on the sea level variations them-selves, the quality of the tide gauge measurements and, if applicable, the quality ofgeodetic measurements used to connect the tide gauge bench marks in height. Based on existing literature, it has been tried to gain a clear understanding of these various aspects. Unfortunately, in the literature studied on processes which can influence relative sea-level heights, (almost) no mention is made of long-periodic processes (periods over 20 years), while analysis of tide gauge records shows that long-periodic fluctuations with significant amplitudes do occur in sea level height time series. Sea level heights as used in this thesis are annual mean sea levels. The quality of these annual mean values not only depends on the quality of the tide gauge measurements, but also on the frequency of these measurements. Not only the quality of state-of-the-art techniques is important, but also of tide gauges and measuring frequencies which were used in the past. Since estimating long-term sea level variation curves requires long sea level height series, historical measurements have to be used as well. In chapter 3, an overview is given of the measuring precision and systematic errors and limitations characteristic for the six tide gauge systems commonly used during the last century. Based on information available for Dutch tide gauges, an estimate is given of how much the quality of annual mean sea levels deteriorates if mean values arc based on, e.g., mean tide levels instead of on hourly measurements. If data for a number of tide gauges is available, a common sea level variation curve, e.g., applying to the Dutch coast, can be estimated. Since tide gauge measurements are relative to the local tide gauge bench mark, any vertical movements of the tide gauges relative to one another will have introduced inconsistencies between the individual time series. These inconsistencies reduce the quality of a common sea level variation curve based on these tide gauge series. As long as tide gauges experience only secular height movements relative to one another, the common oscillation pattern can still be discerned using techniques like svd. However, the slope of the estimated common variation curve is determined by the rate of vertical movements of the individual tide gauges. If tide gauges undergo vertical movements which vary in rate and over time, the common oscillation pattern will be affected as well. By relating all sea level height series to the same reference frame (e.g., nap) internal differences in relative sea level due to vertical movements of the tide gauge bench marks are removed from the data sets. Ideally, permanent monitoring of the tide gauge bench marks is applied.
Nowadays, this can be achieved by means of tips. However, in the past height differences were usually based on spirit levelling. In chapter 6, the quality of three geodetic techniques, i.e., gps, gravimetry, and spirit levelling is described. In addition, limitations of these techniques when applied to monitoring height changes of tide gauge bench marks arc discussed. Since changes in local gravity represent both variations in mass and changes in station height, gravimetry is not well suited for determining height differences. Uncertainties in height differences obtained by GPS can be reduced to within 1 cm. However, the quality of these measurements might be less in harbor areas (e.g., due to signal interference). GPS has the advantage that it allows for permanent monitoring over large distances, but measurements are only available for the last few decades. Spirit leveling can produce high precision height differences (over short distances), but is time consuming and prone to systematic errors (especially over long distances). However, leveled height differences arc often the only type of height information available. In the past, tide gauge bench marks have (hopefully) been connected to a local reference frame. Between some neighboring local height datums, height differences have occasionally been obtained as well. However, only since the second European leveling network (UELN-73), the height difference between the continent of Europe and Scandinavia and Great Britain respectively is available. These height connections consist of only a single connection line and, consequently, errors in these height differences cannot be detected by testing. In chapter 8, an indirect method is introduced for connecting vertical datums, which results in dynamic height differences between the fundamental stations in the various height datum zones. An advantage of this method is that quality information (both precision and reliability) of the estimated height differences can dc determined as well. Unfortunately, a high quality potential coefficient model is required. As a result, only if a new model (to be obtained from the planned GOCR mission) becomes available, height differences between datum zones could be derived with standard deviations of 1 cm.
The quality of sea level variation curves depends on the method used to estimate these curves. A number of data analysing techniques have been tested for their suitability for working with sea level height data. Sea level height time series have a number of specific characteristics, for instance non-stationarity, data quality which is not constant for the complete time series, and a wide range of periodic fluctuations with sometimes variable frequencies and amplitudes. As a result, most of the techniques examined do not work well when applied to sea level height data. It is found that the best techniques for smoothing sea level height series are moving average smoothing and Singular Spectrum Analysis, while estimates of future sea level heights should be based on cither AR(i)MA modelling or regression. To determine how well specific sea level variation patterns can be detected, experiments with a large variety of simulated sea level height time series have been performed. These simulated time series consist of the curve which needs to be detected (e.g., a linear trend), periodic fluctuations (based on actual tide gauge data) and simulated additional errors. This can cither be inaccuracies introduced by the tide gauge equipment or the height measurements, or (uncorrected for) height variations between tide gauge bench marks. By applying regression to the simulated time series, it is examined whether or not the original sea level variation curve can be recovered. It should be noted that statistical significance of estimated regression coefficients is no guarantee that the "true" sea level variation curve is detected. For example, if linear regression is applied to a sea level series following a quadratic curve, the estimated trend value can still be statistically significant. For this reason, often trend estimates are shown as a function of an increasing number of observations. For the above mentioned example, estimated trend values will steadily increase with an increasing number of included observations. Only if the model (of a linear regression line) fits the data, and if enough observations are available, estimated trend values will stabilise around the trend value actually present in the data set. First, experiments have been performed with sea level height data for a single tide gauge. In this case, the original data relative to the tide gauge bench mark can be used. If (based on external knowledge of the behavior of the local sea level) long-periodic fluctuations could be eliminated from the data set, the detectability of a single linear regression line depends on the trend value and the noise level of the measurements. For sea level data with a trend of 1.5 mm/yr, even if a noise level of 5 cm applies, this trend can be detected if 35 observations are available. If a simulated time series contains long-periodic fluctuations based on data for tide gauge Den Helder, of the order of 90 years of observations are required before trend estimates stabilise around the actual trend value on which the data set is based. Therefore, it is concluded that long-periodic fluctuations are the main factor in determining the amount of data required to detect a linear trend in a sea level height time series. In chapter 7, using six tide gauge data sets, a common sea level variation curve for the Dutch coast is estimated. In order to eliminate deviations from this common curve caused by height variations of the tide gauge bench marks relative to one another, all tide gauges have to be connected in height to the local reference system (nap). Inaccuracies in the required height connections introduce inconsistencies between the time series. Since the actual height connection history for the tide gauges is unknown, a number of scenarios have been used to simulate height connection errors. Experiments show that the quality of the estimated common variation curve not only depends on the precision of the height measurements, but also on the time span between subsequent height connections. For higher levels of connection noise, it is more pronounced that the larger the time span between subsequent connections, the less dependable the estimated trend values will be. In order to detect future sea level rise accelerations, historical data has to be used as well. Experiments show that, if long periods have elapsed between historic height connections, the precision of future height connections is of almost no importance. Increasing the standard deviation of future height measurements from 5 mm to 2 cm, or increasing the time span between height connections from one to 10 years, hardly influences the results. Finally, for the North Sea area, the quality of spatial variation patterns which can be derived based on trend values for 18 tide gauges, is examined. A spatial pattern in sea level height variations should be based on real differences in trend values for the various locations and not on variations resulting from measuring errors and height changes between tide gauge bench marks. Based on experiments with simulated time series, the following conclusions have been made. If height connections to a local reference frame are performed every 10 years, ranges of errors in trend estimates (as a function of latitude and longitude) are three times as large as results based on annual connection of heights. As a result of, e.g., post-glacial rebound, fundamental stations in the different datum zones can experience height changes relative to one another. If the individual time series (connected to the local datums) are not corrected for these relative vertical movements, this will result in large errors in the estimated spatial variation pattern. If height differences between vertical datum zones are based on results derived for European leveling networks, resulting errors in trend values (as a function of latitude and longitude) will be much larger than those caused by the post-glacial rebound movements (of the selected fundamental stations: Amsterdam, Newlyn, and Helsingborg) itself. This same holds for differences in vertical movements obtained by GPS measurements with a standard deviation of the order of 1 mm/yr.Note de contenu : 1 INTRODUCTION
Sea-level variations
Objectives of this thesis
Outline
2 TIDE GAUGE MEASUREMENTS
Introduction
Error characteristics of tide gauge instruments
Sampling rate and averaging method of tide gauge readings
Conclusions and recommendations
3 TECHNIQUES FOR ANALYSING SEA-LEVEL DATA
Introduction
Smoothing of tide gauge data
Prediction of future sea levels
Sea-level data for a group of tide gauges
Conclusions and recommendations
4 DETECTABILITY OF CURVES IN RELATIVE SEA LEVEL
Introduction
Estimating curves in individual time series
General structure of simulated data sets
" Ideal " measurement series
Time series containing short-periodic fluctuations
Time series containing short- and long periodic fluctuations
Conclusions and recommendations
5 CONNECTING TIDE GAUGES TO A LOCAL HEIGHT SYSTEM
Introduction
Problems related to the different " height " systems
Error characteristics of measuring techniques
Selection of observation sites
Required sampling and time span of measurements
6 DETECTABILITY OF CURVES IN SEA LEVEL RELATIVE TO A LOCAL DATUM
Introduction
General structure of simulated data sets
Same trend throughout the time series
Transition to higher trend at the beginning of the time series
Transition to higher trend at the end of the time series
Conclusions and recommendations
7 REGIONAL HEIGHT DATUM CONNECTION
Introduction
Adding datum shifts to a geodetic boundary value problem
Least squares solution of a vertical datum connection
A-priori covariance matrices
Datum connection in North-West Europe
" Ideal " cap size for terrestrial gravity measurements
Influence of the number of stations
Conclusions and recommendations
8 SEA-LEVEL VARIATION PATTERNS
Introduction
General structure of simulated data sets
Inconsistencies in annual mean values
Inconsistencies introduced by local height connections
Height datums experience linear movements
Vertical datum connection
Conclusions and recommendations
9 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusions
General remarks concerning sea-level monitoring
Recommendations for future research
A Information concerning tide gauge stations
B Derivations
C Additionnal information concerning common variations curvesNuméro de notice : 11431 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Monographie Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=54405 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 11431-01 30.50 Livre Centre de documentation Géodésie Disponible Marégraphie et géodésie spatiale : bilan d'un travail de recherche sur leur synergie / Guy Wöppelmann in Bulletin d'information de l'Institut géographique national, n° 69 (octobre 1998)
[article]
Titre : Marégraphie et géodésie spatiale : bilan d'un travail de recherche sur leur synergie Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Guy Wöppelmann , Auteur Année de publication : 1998 Article en page(s) : pp 65 - 77 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Français (fre) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] eustatisme
[Termes IGN] géodésie spatiale
[Termes IGN] International Terrestrial Reference Frame
[Termes IGN] International Terrestrial Reference System
[Termes IGN] marégraphe
[Termes IGN] marégraphie
[Termes IGN] Marseille
[Termes IGN] niveau de la mer
[Vedettes matières IGN] AltimétrieRésumé : (Auteur)Cet article se propose d'exposer brièvement les conclusions et résultats obtenus au cours du travail de thèse de Guy Wöppelmann, présentée le 23 juin 1997. Le titre du sujet était le "rattachement géodésique des marégraphes dans un système de référence mondial par techniques ie géodésie spatiale".
En théorie simple, il n'est pourtant pas facile en pratique d'obtenir des résultats satisfaisants de la synergie des techniques de marégraphie et de géodésie. Peu de résultats sont en effet disponibles à l'heure actuelle. Chaque maillon de la chaîne de mesure demande une attention particulière si l'on veut atteindre les exigences imposées par les océanographes qui s'intéressent aux variations eustatiques. L'application visée était la détermination des variations à long terme du niveau des mers, nous avons revu les différents indicateurs de variation du niveau de la mer. Nous avons examiné les concepts de niveau de la mer, de variations eustatiques, de système climatique, mais également de systèmes de référence terrestres et de références verticales. L'idée d'une élévation récente du niveau des mers en relation avec un réchauffement climatique de cause anthropique a été confrontée aux observations fournies par les marégraphes. L'analyse de leurs séries chronologiques, qui remontent parfois au début du XIXe siècle, a permis de dégager les problèmes et les apports nécessaires pour résoudre cette question, notamment au regard des résultats et progrès de la géodésie spatiale.
Les objets étudiés au cours du travail de thèse ont été nombreux et variés. Tout d'abord, les marégraphes : Comment fonctionnent-ils ? Quelle est la nature de la grandeur mesurée ? Quelles sont les causes de variation de cette grandeur ? Les sources d'erreur systématique ? Les données disponibles ? Leur précision ? Une attention particulière a été dédiée au cas particulier du marégraphe de Marseille, dont l'instrument original fournit des observations du niveau de la mer depuis 1885. Nous avons réalisé en parallèle un travail analogue pour les systèmes spatiaux de positionnement précis. Les engagements du directeur de thèse, C. Le Provost, auprès de la communauté internationale ont conduit à effectuer une reconnaissance géodésique dans les "îles de la Désolation" (Kerguelen) en 1994, où un marégraphe à pression fonctionne depuis 1992. Des mesures GPS ont été effectuées par la suite. Une étude détaillée des références verticales accessibles à proximité des marégraphes a été effectuée. Plus spécifiquement, nous avons examiné la qualité et les performances du système de référence terrestre international, l'ITRS, à travers ses réalisations récentes : ITRF94 et ITRF96.
Nous encourageons enfin le lecteur désireux d'avoir plus de détails sur les questions ébauchées dans cet article à se procurer un exemplaire du mémoire de thèse auprès du centre de documentation de l'IGN ou auprès du laboratoire LAREG.Numéro de notice : A1998-190 Affiliation des auteurs : IGN (1940-2011) Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article DOI : sans Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=26156
in Bulletin d'information de l'Institut géographique national > n° 69 (octobre 1998) . - pp 65 - 77[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 015-98011 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible IGS-PSMSL workshop on methods for monitoring sea level / Ruth E. Neilan (1998)
Titre : IGS-PSMSL workshop on methods for monitoring sea level : GPS and tide gauge, benchmark monitoring and GPS altimeter calibration, proceedings, March 17-18, 1997, Pasadena, California, USA Type de document : Actes de congrès Auteurs : Ruth E. Neilan, Éditeur scientifique ; P. Van Scoy, Éditeur scientifique ; International GPS service for geodynamics, Auteur ; Philip L. Woodworth, Éditeur scientifique Editeur : Pasadena : Jet Propulsion Laboratory JPL Année de publication : 1998 Conférence : IGS - PSMSL 1997, workshop on methods for monitoring sea level, GPS and tide gauge, benchmark monitoring and GPS altimeter calibration 17/03/1997 18/03/1997 Pasadena Californie - Etats-Unis Importance : 202 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] données marégraphiques
[Termes IGN] étalonnage d'instrument
[Termes IGN] marégraphe
[Termes IGN] niveau moyen des mers
[Termes IGN] variation séculaire
[Termes IGN] variation temporelle
[Vedettes matières IGN] AltimétrieRésumé : (Auteur) These are the proceedings of the first joint workshop between the scientific communities of the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (PSMSL) and the International GPS Service (IGS) regarding applications of the Global Positioning System (GPS) to monitoring sea level change. Two applications were highlighted: 1) monitoring and interpretation of tide gauge benchmark motion through collocation measurements of GPS and, 2) collocation of GPS at island and coastal tide gauges to calibrate orbiting altimeter missions (e.g., TOPEX/Poseidon, JASON, etc.). The workshop covered the technologies, science and engineering issues, practical experiences, data management, and analysis. Summary recommendations from the final joint session are included. Note de contenu : Executive Summary / R. Neilan (IGS), P. Woodworth (PSMSL)
Summary Recommendations: Workshop on Methods for Monitoring Sea Level
Session 1: Workshop Objectives and Science Questions
Co-chairs: P. Woodworth (PSMSL), R. Neilan (JPL)
Introduction to the Workshop on Methods for Monitoring Sea Level: GPS and Tide Gauge Benchmark Monitoring, GPS Altimeter Calibration / P.L. Woodworth (PSMSL)
Session 2: The Measurements - An Introduction
Co-chairs: G. Mitchum (Univ. S. Florida), M. Watkins (JPL)
Summary of Session 2 / G. Mitchum (Univ. S. Florida), M. Watkins (JPL)
An Overview of Tide Gauge Measurements / G.T. Mitchum (Univ. S. Florida)
The Contribution of Satellite Altimetry to Measuring Long-Term Sea Level Change / R.S. Nerem (Univ. Texas, Austin)
Session 3: Measuring Long-Term Sea Level Change
Co-chairs: G. Blewitt (Univ. Newcastle upon Tyne), S. Nerem (Univ. Texas, Austin)
Summary of Session 3 / G. Blewitt (Univ. Newcastle upon Tyne)
A Tide Gauge Network for Altimeter Calibration / G.T. Mitchum (Univ. S. Florida)
The Need for GPS to Provide Information on Vertical Land Movements at Tide Gauges with Long Records / P.L. Woodworm (PSMSL)
Sustainable Geodetic Monitoring of the Natural Environment Using the IGS / G. Blewitt, P. Davies, T. Gregorius, R. Kawar, U. Sanli (Univ. Newcastle upon Tyne)
Session 4: Practical Experience and Considerations: Projects Past and Planned
Co-chairs: T. Baker (POL), S. Zerbini (Univ. Bologna)
Summary of Session 4 / T.F. Baker (POL), S. Zerbini (Univ. Bologna)
The SELF II Project / S. Zerbini (Univ. Bologna)
Monitoring Vertical Land Movements at Tide Gauges in the UK / V. Ashkenazi, R.M. Bingley, A.M. Dodson, N.T. Penna (Univ. Nottingham); T.F. Baker (POL)
A GPS Network for Monitoring Absolute Sea Level in the Chesapeake Bay: BAYONET / R.S. Nerem (Univ. Texas, Austin), T.M. vanDam, M.S. Schenewerk (NOAA)
Precise Sea Surface Measurements Using DGPS Buoys / M. Parke (Ohio State Univ.), J. Blaha (GFZ), C.K. Shum (Ohio State Univ.)
BIFROST Project: Three Years of Continuous GPS Observations / J.M. Johansson, H.G. Scherneck (Onsala Space Obs.); M. Vermeer, H. Koivula, M. Poutanen (Finnish Geodetic Inst.); J.L. Davis (Harvard Univ.); J.X. Mitrovica (Univ. Toronto)
The Applicability of CORS for Tide Gauge Monitoring / M. Schenewerk, T. vanDam, N. Weston (NOAA)
Land Uplift/Subsidence as Inferred from Geodetic Surveys in the Southwestern Pacific Islands / S. Turner (NTF)
Geodetic Control of Tide Gauges in the Antarctic and Subantarctic / R.M.V. Summerson (NRIC), H. Brolsma (Australian Antarctic Div.j, R. Govind (AUSLIG), J. Hammat (NTF)
The Baltic Sea Level Project - History, Present and Future / J. Kakkuri, M. Poutanen (FGI); J. Zielinski (Space Res. Inst., Warsaw)
European Vertical GPS Reference Network (EUVN) - Concept, Status and Plans / J. Adam (Technical Univ. Budapest), W. Gurtner (Univ. Bern), B.G. Hars (Statens Kartuerk, Norway), J. Ihde, W. Schluter (IFAG), G. Woppelman (Inst. Geographique National, France)
Monitoring Tide Gauges Using Different GPS Strategies and Experiment Designs / D.U. Sanli, G. Blewitt (Univ. Newcastle upon Tyne)
Variations in Sea Level Change Along the Cascadia Margin: Coastal Hazard, Earthquake Hazard and Geodynamics / M.M. Miller, D. Johnson (Centra! WA Univ.); R. Weldon, R. Palmer (Univ. Oregon)
Session 5: Data Handling
Co-chairs: C. Noll (GSFC [IGS Global Data Center]), M. Merrifield (Univ. Hawaii, Manoa)
Summary of Session 5 / C.E. Noll (GSFC), M. Merrifield (Univ. Hawaii, Manoa)
Flow of GPS Data and Products for the IGS / C.E. Noll (GSFC)
Sea Level Data Flow / M.A. Merrifield (Univ. Hawaii, Manoa)Numéro de notice : 14476 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Actes Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=34665 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 14476-01 CG.97 Livre Centre de documentation Congrès Disponible En 1897, le zéro du Nivellement général de la France était adopté grâce au marégraphe totalisateur fondamental de Marseille / R. Vincent in XYZ, n° 73 (septembre - novembre 1997)
[article]
Titre : En 1897, le zéro du Nivellement général de la France était adopté grâce au marégraphe totalisateur fondamental de Marseille Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : R. Vincent, Auteur Année de publication : 1997 Article en page(s) : pp 84 - 88 Langues : Français (fre) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] marégraphe
[Termes IGN] marégraphie
[Termes IGN] Marseille
[Vedettes matières IGN] AltimétrieNuméro de notice : A1997-038 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article DOI : sans Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=25894
in XYZ > n° 73 (septembre - novembre 1997) . - pp 84 - 88[article]Réservation
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