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Regelbasierte Interpretation unstrukturierter Vektorkarten / M. Weindorf (2002)
Titre : Regelbasierte Interpretation unstrukturierter Vektorkarten Titre original : [Interprétation basée sur des règles de cartes vectorielles non structurées] Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : M. Weindorf, Auteur Editeur : Munich : Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften Année de publication : 2002 Collection : DGK - C Sous-collection : Dissertationen num. 555 Importance : 74 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-7696-9594-6 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Allemand (ger) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications SIG
[Termes IGN] aide à la décision
[Termes IGN] base de données localisées
[Termes IGN] cartographie numérique
[Termes IGN] intelligence artificielle
[Termes IGN] interprétation automatique
[Termes IGN] moteur d'inférence
[Termes IGN] représentation graphique
[Termes IGN] système d'information géographique
[Termes IGN] vectorisationRésumé : (Auteur) Maps provide a rich set of geographic information. Formerly produced in analogue way to support human users in their tasks concerning spatial decisions, nowadays digital information systems in general and geographical information systems (GIS) are up to take over this role. Today not only the human user is addressed, but the interoperability of information systems and the support of automatic selection of information from different sources is a major task in research and industry. This work presents a concept for the automated interpretation of digital maps represented as low-level, a priori unstructured vector data. A huge amount of digital map data is stored in CAD based systems which only support a geometry focused and layer-oriented concept of data modelling. To use and import this legacy data into modern schema based geoinformation systems, the geometry inherent object descriptions have to be inferred out of these graphics. Nowadays data exchange is often still made on a graphical level of representation, in the way that for every combination of data source and data sink a specific mapping (at a syntactic level) has to be defined, to translate the several data formats into other ones. Problems arise if the expressive power of these data formats differs in the way that the source format is less powerful than the target format (e.g. there's no representation of topology available, or attribute data can't be handled). The idea proposed in this work is based on the assumption that the graphic itself may transport most of the information within a map. Therefore a knowledge-based system for map interpretation was developed, which is based on a backward-chaining rule system. The objects, which have to be extracted out of the maps, are described in their structure within a specific rule base, a corresponding interpreter (inference engine) derives objects out of that descriptions, which may be stored in a database oriented geoinformation system for further use. The focus of this work lies in the definition of structure measures respective rules, which are especially suited to infer application specific objects from graphical representations. An algorithm is provided to derive topological structured maps from a priori unstructured vector data. This map data is transformed into a relational structure, which serves as a basis for the subsequent interpretation process. This interpretation relies mainly on structural and contextual information, whereas numerical classification methods may be avoided to a large extend. Map objects are defined through their parts, spatial relations between these parts and the relations to other objects (contextual information). The object recognition is formulated as a search for subgraphisomorphisms within the map graph. Numéro de notice : 15026 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Thèse étrangère Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=55044 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 15026-02 37.40 Livre Centre de documentation Géomatique Disponible 15026-01 37.40 Livre Centre de documentation Géomatique Disponible Schwerefeldfunktionale im Gebirge / J. Flury (2002)
Titre : Schwerefeldfunktionale im Gebirge : Modellierungsgenauigkeit, Messpunktdichte und Darstellungsfehler am Beispiel des Testnetzes Estergebirge Titre original : [Fonction du champ de pesanteur en montagne : exactitude de la modélisation et erreur de représentation, exemple du réseau test des montagnes Estergebirge] Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : J. Flury, Auteur Editeur : Munich : Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften Année de publication : 2002 Collection : DGK - C Sous-collection : Dissertationen num. 557 Importance : 114 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-7696-9596-0 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Allemand (ger) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie physique
[Termes IGN] alpes orientales
[Termes IGN] anomalie de pesanteur
[Termes IGN] Bavière (Allemagne)
[Termes IGN] champ de pesanteur terrestre
[Termes IGN] géoïde gravimétrique
[Termes IGN] géoïde local
[Termes IGN] hauteur ellipsoïdale
[Termes IGN] levé gravimétrique
[Termes IGN] montagne
[Termes IGN] nivellement
[Termes IGN] nivellement par GPSIndex. décimale : 30.40 Géodésie physique Résumé : (Auteur) In this work the question is examinated, which geoid accuracies can be achieved from gravity field functions which are measured at discrete, but very dense points. The difficult conditions for the required modelling of the topography in mountainous terrain have been considered.
In the Estergebirge mountains in the Bavarian Alps since the year 1994 a very dense network of gravity measurements, precision levelling, precise GPS height measurements and deflections of the vertical has been created, covering all height zones of the terrain. These measurements and their accuracies are described in this work. From levelling, gravity measurements and GPS measurements height anomalies and geoid heights have been determined, analyzed and compared to the german ECG97 geoid model. A precise modelling of the topographic attraction is described for gravity and the deflections of the vertical, based on a high resolution terrain model and a terrain survey of the very near zone of each data point. After the topographic reduction different disturbing bodies with anomalous densities have been detected, with typical characteristics for mountainous areas. Some of these bodies have been modelled taking into account various geophysical data. The models have been used in an adjustment to determine the densities of the topography and the disturbing bodies.
In the second part a statistical analysis of gravity disturbances from the Estergebirge and from other data sets from the Alps is carried out. Empirical signal covariance functions and spectral representations of signal power are shown. The comparison of the different data sets shows good agreement of signal properties. Using measurements in independent control points realistic errors for the continuous representation of the gravity disturbances have been obtained, depending on the density of data points. It is shown, that for high point densities the high frequent parts of the signal are still dominating the representation error, whereas errors of measurement and modelling play a minor role. The representation error computed for selected data point densities have been propagated to geoid errors and errors of spherical harmonic coefficients. The error volume is used as an intermediate step, assuming homogeneous signal properties all over the earth. By this approach it can be shown, that for a geoid error standard deviation of 1 cm the spacing of gravity measurements may not exceed about 5 km.Numéro de notice : 13161 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Thèse étrangère Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=54898 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 13161-01 30.40 Livre Centre de documentation Géodésie Disponible Statistische Untersuchung ganzzahliger und reellwertiger unbekannter Parameter im GPS-Modell / B. Gundlich (2002)
Titre : Statistische Untersuchung ganzzahliger und reellwertiger unbekannter Parameter im GPS-Modell Titre original : [Statistical inference on integer and real valued unknown parameters in the GPS model] Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : B. Gundlich, Auteur Editeur : Munich : Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften Année de publication : 2002 Collection : DGK - C Sous-collection : Dissertationen num. 549 Importance : 65 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-7696-9588-5 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Allemand (ger) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie spatiale
[Termes IGN] ambiguïté entière
[Termes IGN] axiome de Bayes
[Termes IGN] données GPS
[Termes IGN] inférence
[Termes IGN] mesurage de phase
[Termes IGN] mesurage de pseudo-distance
[Termes IGN] méthode de Monte-Carlo
[Termes IGN] résolution d'ambiguïté
[Termes IGN] traitement de données GNSSIndex. décimale : 30.61 Systèmes de Positionnement par Satellites du GNSS Résumé : (Auteur) This thesis investigates statistical inference in a model with real valued and integer unknown parameters. This model is given for example in case of GPS (Global Positioning System) which provides pseudorange measurements and the observation of carrier phases. When observing carrier phases the integer numbers of full cycles are unknown. These integer ambiguities have to be considered in a statistical inference. Usually the float solution and the fixed solution are applied. Using the float solution the integer ambiguities are considered as real valued unknown parameters. In the fixed solution they are completely or partly estimated as integers and then fixed. The remaining parameters are estimated given the integer ambiguities. Therefore the fixed solution has to be validated. The ambiguity acceptance test investigates, if the model with integer ambiguities might be accepted. The integer estimation of the ambiguities is compared with other possible integer ambiguities in a discrimination test. In this thesis the GPS model is consistently considered as a model containing integer and real valued unknown parameters in order to avoid the extreme float and fixed solution. Applying traditional statistics and Bayesian statistics the unknown parameters are estimated, hypotheses are tested and confidence regions computed. This leads to new validation procedures concerning the ambiguity acceptance test and the discrimination test. Estimating confidence regions is computationally demanding, therefore an approximation is developed by Bayesian statistics. Bayesian statistics offers the possibility to use prior information, which is used to express the knowledge about the integer ambiguities in a model with only real valued parameters. By this means solutions are developed which only in extreme cases lead to the float solution or to the solution in the model with integer and real valued parameters. An example with real GPS data is given. Numéro de notice : 13099 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Thèse étrangère Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=54882 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 13099-02 30.61 Livre Centre de documentation Géodésie Disponible 13099-01 30.61 Livre Centre de documentation Géodésie Disponible Use of knowledge based systems for the detection and monitoring of unplanned developments / Faith Njoki Karanja (2002)
Titre : Use of knowledge based systems for the detection and monitoring of unplanned developments Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Faith Njoki Karanja, Auteur Editeur : Munich : Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften Année de publication : 2002 Collection : DGK - C Sous-collection : Dissertationen num. 558 Importance : 107 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-7696-9597-7 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de télédétection
[Termes IGN] aide à la décision
[Termes IGN] base de connaissances
[Termes IGN] classification non dirigée
[Termes IGN] détection de changement
[Termes IGN] image satellite
[Termes IGN] interprétation automatique
[Termes IGN] modélisation
[Termes IGN] photo-interprétation
[Termes IGN] prospective
[Termes IGN] représentation graphique
[Termes IGN] simulation
[Termes IGN] surveillance de l'urbanisation
[Termes IGN] système à base de connaissances
[Termes IGN] système d'information géographique
[Termes IGN] traitement d'image
[Termes IGN] zone urbaineRésumé : (Auteur) Within the context of an urban land use, two general status can be distinguished namely developed land (residential, industrial area, construction area, etc), and reserved land (forest, water bodies, garden, parks, open area etc). However, not all developed land is legal or formal a phenomena prevalent in developing countries. For the planners it is important to have the capacity to detect, localise and predict the trend of this phenomenon in order to facilitate reaction planning. In this regard, the main objective of this study is to develop a methodology that exploits existing planning data and urban land use drivers in combination with remotely sensed imagery for the detection and quantification of unplanned developments and subsequently facilitate in monitoring their trends. Since planning is a continuous process, remotely sensed data lends itself to a good source of information pertaining to the extent of developed and reserved areas at any given epoch. The methodology has been subdivided into four modules, namely the interpretation, detection, trend prediction and the evaluation.
Knowledge based image interpretation, namely rule based system was employed in the extraction of developed and reserved areas from multispectral image data. As input into the interpretation process four images cues i.e. NDVI, Texture, Edge Density, and unsupervised classification have been tested. Experience has shown that data reduction and refinement prior to its incorporation in the knowledge base enables few rules to be established and thereby minimising rule correlation. However, knowledge representation is a challenge and especially when it involves rules association. Acceptable results have been obtained which imply that such a technique is promising. Additional information e.g. GIS data would nevertheless be useful as a guide in the extraction of objects like parking areas and some complex built up areas (e.g. buildings), roads, etc thus improving the results.
For the detection of unplanned developments, the constraints of planning data have been exploited. Specifically, planning data has been used in combination with remotely sensed data depicting As It Were situation to generate As It Should Be scenario with specific emphasis on the new legal/allowable developments. This formed a backdrop for the detection of unplanned developments, which essentially translates to the difference between the As It Should Be situation and As It IS within the planning and implementation time frame. Prototype experiments carried out show that this is a feasible technique and can easily be implemented for fast detection in comparison to the current ad hoc field techniques.
In the trend prediction of unplanned developments, land use drivers based on compatibility of land uses, transport network, and hydrography sources are used to establish their influence on the new developed areas. Results show that existing land uses influence highly new developed areas. A combination effect of these influences (land use drivers) when employed results in stratification of pressure zones into fuzzy blocks ranging from those which are likely to undergo extensions of unplanned developments to those which are unlikely. Such information could enable planners develop a program in preparation for such eventualities and priorities areas that require urgent reaction planning.
For the evaluation of the results, both qualitative and quantitative evaluation techniques have been tested namely visual comparison, polygonpixel count and kappa index. Comparable results have been obtained based on these three techniques for the interpretation and detection modules. The choice of which technique to apply depends on the application and the level of detail required.
In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that a 'complete package' that will enable planners to detect and predict the trend of unplanned developments is feasible. In order to ensure success, planning should be viewed as a collective responsibility, where all stakeholders are participants. Further, sound land law system that ensures land accessibility and security of tenure as well as promotes transparency in land allocation issues should be implemented and enforced.Numéro de notice : 15027 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Thèse étrangère En ligne : https://d-nb.info/966084659/34 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=55045 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 15027-02 35.46 Livre Centre de documentation Télédétection Disponible 15027-01 35.46 Livre Centre de documentation Télédétection Disponible Zur Bestimmung geometrischer Parameter von Industrierobotern / H. Nitschke (2002)
Titre : Zur Bestimmung geometrischer Parameter von Industrierobotern Titre original : [Pour la détermination de paramètres géométriques de robots industriels] Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : H. Nitschke, Auteur Editeur : Munich : Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften Année de publication : 2002 Collection : DGK - C Sous-collection : Dissertationen num. 547 Importance : 80 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-7696-9586-1 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Allemand (ger) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Navigation et positionnement
[Termes IGN] géométrie cinématique
[Termes IGN] positionnement cinématique
[Termes IGN] robotique
[Termes IGN] système de coordonnéesIndex. décimale : 30.70 Navigation et positionnement Note de contenu : 1 Einführung
2 Grundlagen
2.1 Definitionen und Normung
2.1.1 Definitionen Industrieroboter
2.1.2 Normen in Deutschland
2.2 Verbreitung und Einsatz der Industrieroboter
2.2.1 Verbreitung
2.2.2 Einsatz
2.3 Bauformen, Arbeitsraum, Antriebe
2.3.1 Bauformen und Arbeitsraum
2.3.2 Antriebe
2.4 Roboterprogrammierung Online / Offline
2.5 Geornetrische und andere Roboterfehlerursachen
3 Industrieroboter beschreiben, messen und prüfen
3.1 Definitionen und Kenngrößen
3.2 Koordinatensysterne
3.3 Die kinematische Kette
3.3.1 Übergänge zwischen den Koordinatensystemen der kinematischen Kette
3.3.2 Dreidimensionale Ähnlichkeitstransformation
3.3.3 Das DenavitHartenbergVerfahren
3.3.4 Ansatz nach Hayati und Mirmiram für parallele Achsen
3.3.5 Weitere Ansätze
3.4 Industrieroboter Messen und Prüfen
3.4.1 Meß und Prüfroboter
3.4.2 Meßmittel und Meßverfahren
4 Parameteridentifikation mit geodätischen Mitteln
4.1 Das vereinfachte Verfahren
4.2 Analyse von Achskopplungen
4.3 Das spezielle Verfahren
4.4 Das geschlossene Verfahren
4.4.1 Anmerkungen zur Ausgleichung und zum Gewichtsansatz
4.4.2 Vorwärtsrechnung
4.5 Wertung der Verfahren und Eignung der Robotermodelle
5 Praktische Beispiele
5.1 Allgemeine Vorgehensweise
5.2 Auswertung GNIF S420F
5.2.1 Der Industrieroboter GMF S420F
5.2.2 Vergleichskoordinaten
5.2.3 Identifikation der Roboterparameter
5.2.4 Benötigte Ziel und Posenanzahl
5.3 Auswertung Cloos ROMAT R056
5.3.1 Der Industrieroboter Cloos ROMAT R056
5.3.2 Vergleichskoordinaten
5.3.3 Identifikation der Roboterparameter
6 ZusammenfassungNuméro de notice : 13118 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Thèse étrangère Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=54886 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 13118-01 30.70 Livre Centre de documentation Géodésie Disponible 2.5D-GIS und Geobasisdaten - Integration von Höheninformation und Digitalen Situationsmodellen / U. Lenk (2001)PermalinkAutomatisierung der kartographischen Verdrängung mittels Energieminimierung / Dirk Burghardt (2001)PermalinkDie Satellitengradiometriemission GOCE - Theorie, technische Realisierung und wissenschaftliche Nutzung / J. Muller (2001)PermalinkDreidimensionale kinematische Modelle zur Analyse von Deformationen an Hängen / P. Rawiel (2001)PermalinkEinfluss von Bildkompressionsverfahren auf die Qualität der digitalen Punktübertragung / Michael Kiefner (2001)PermalinkGenauigkeitsuntersuchungen zur GPS/INS-Integration in der Aerophotogrammetrie / Michael Cramer (2001)PermalinkIntegrierte Modelle zur physikalischen Interpretation geodätischer Deformationsuntersuchungen / I. Milev (2001)PermalinkLeistungsfähigkeit fahrzeugautonomer Ortungsverfahren auf der Basis von Map-Matching-Techniken / R. Czommer (2001)PermalinkA low cost documentation and retrieval system of distributed data sets for a historical town in Brazil / L.E. Renuncio (2001)PermalinkPermalink